diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 31b01ad..1f9c16e 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -1,176 +1,476 @@
-# Project Conventions and Operational Gotchas
+# Clock-out Time Calculator — Agent Guide
 
-## 🛠️ Setup & Execution
-- **Dependencies:** `pip install -r requirements.txt` (PyQt5, pywin32, dateutil, matplotlib, plyer, holidays).
-- **Run:** `python main.py`
-- **Module-level smoke:**
-  - Event monitoring: `python core/event_monitor.py`
-  - Time calculation: `python core/time_calculator.py`
-- **Integration tests** (all should be green before release):
-  - `python _integration_test.py` — business-logic scenarios (35+ for v2.0–2.2 + 15+ for v2.3+)
-  - `python _i18n_gui_test.py` — ko/en switch on real widgets
-  - `python _gui_smoke_test.py` — widget instantiation
-- **Production build:** `python -m PyInstaller --clean updater.spec && python -m PyInstaller --clean main.spec` (or just `release.ps1 vX.Y.Z`).
+> Last verified against the working tree at version **2.11.2** (`core/version.py`).
+> This file is written for AI coding agents who need to understand, modify, build, or release the project. When in doubt, prefer the facts in this file over older documentation; this guide was produced by exploring the actual codebase, running the tests, and reading the build scripts.
 
-## 🗄️ Architecture Notes (Core Business Logic)
+---
 
-### Database (10+ tables in `database.db`)
-`work_records`, `overtime_bank`, `overtime_usage`, `leave_records`, `break_records`, `settings`, `achievements`, `holidays`, `notification_log` (dedupe), `crash_log` (auto crash report). Migrations chained from `init_database()` via sentinel-gated `migrate_*` methods.
+## 1. Project Overview
 
-### Invariants
-- **`work_records.date` UNIQUE** — one row per workday.
-- **Overtime bank vs usage:** separate tables, both with NULLable `work_record_id` for manual entries — never filter `WHERE work_record_id IS NOT NULL`. Render NULL rows as "수동 추가" / "Manual".
-- **Time representation:** `TimeCalculator.work_minutes` is canonical (int). `work_hours` is a read-only property. UI/DB sync `WORK_MINUTES ↔ WORK_HOURS` via floor (`int(min) // 60`).
-- **Leave days:** `leave_records.days` is FLOAT (1.0 / 0.5 / 0.25). Single source of truth.
-- **Overtime balance:** `SUM(bank.earned_minutes) - SUM(usage.used_minutes)` via `get_total_overtime_balance()`.
-- **WAL mode + 5s busy timeout** enabled in `init_database()` for cloud-sync friendliness (OneDrive/Dropbox).
+**Clock-out Time Calculator** (Korean: 퇴근시간 계산기) is a Windows desktop productivity application written in Python with PyQt5. It tracks a user's workday, automatically detects clock-in time from Windows Event Log / boot time, counts down to the expected clock-out time in real time, banks overtime in configurable units, manages annual leave, and provides statistics, notifications, Discord integration, and automatic self-updates.
 
-### Settings system
-- Keys: `core/settings_keys.py` (35+ constants). Import constants — never use raw strings.
-- `get_setting()` returns string; use `get_setting_int/float/bool()` helpers or read from `get_settings()` dict (already typed).
-- Auto-sync pairs: `WORK_MINUTES ↔ WORK_HOURS`, `ANNUAL_LEAVE_DAYS ↔ ANNUAL_LEAVE_TOTAL`.
-- Migration sentinels (`balance_adjustment_migrated_v2`, `annual_leave_keys_migrated`) prevent re-running.
+- **Primary language:** Python 3.9+
+- **GUI framework:** PyQt5
+- **Database:** SQLite (`database.db`) with WAL mode and a 5-second busy timeout
+- **Packaging:** PyInstaller (`main.exe` + `updater.exe`)
+- **Distribution:** Gitea Releases on a self-hosted instance
+- **Current version:** `2.11.2` (single source of truth: `core/version.py`)
+- **Repository:** `kindnick/Clock_out_Time_Calculator`
 
-### i18n
-- `tr('key', **kwargs)` and `tr_html('help.html.X')` from `core/i18n.py`. ko/en `_DICT` (30+ categories).
-- Sentence formatting via Python `str.format(**kwargs)`.
-- Language change requires app restart for full effect (existing widgets keep original-language text). Runtime retranslate is on the roadmap.
+The project is single-file deployable: `main.exe` embeds `updater.exe` and extracts it on first launch, so end users only need `main.exe`.
 
-## ⚠️ Critical Invariants (MUST PRESERVE)
+---
 
-### 1. Time-off subtraction order in `update_display()`
-Pass actual `break_minutes` to `calculate_remaining_time`. Subtract `total_time_off = overtime_used + leave_used` from the resulting timedelta AFTER the call. NEVER mutate `break_minutes` to `break_minutes - overtime_used` — this caused a +29h display bug previously and was the original Phase 1 fix.
+## 2. Technology Stack
 
-### 2. Hot-path caching
-`update_display()` runs at 1Hz. Any DB call inside must be cached (`_auto_lunch_enabled_cache`, `_today_non_working_cache`, `cached_time_format`). Periodic checks (health/weekly/long-work notifications) are gated by `now.minute % 5 == 0`.
+| Layer | Technology |
+|-------|------------|
+| Language | Python 3.9+ |
+| GUI | PyQt5 ≥ 5.15 |
+| Charts | matplotlib (QtAgg backend) |
+| Windows integration | pywin32 (event log), ctypes (screen-lock detection) |
+| Date / recurrence | python-dateutil |
+| Notifications | plyer (system toast) + PyQt signals |
+| Holidays | optional `holidays` package; government API + fixed-date fallback |
+| Packaging | PyInstaller 2-step build |
+| Testing | pytest + standalone integration/GUI smoke scripts |
+| Fonts | Bundled NanumSquare TTF/OTF files; Malgun Gothic fallback |
 
-### 3. Time format separation
-24-hour `datetime` for ALL internal calculation. 12-hour conversion happens only in `MainWindow.format_time()` (adds Korean "오전"/"오후" markers when applicable).
+Dependencies are declared in `requirements.txt`:
 
-### 4. Workday boundary
-`workday_boundary_hour` (default 6). Overnight work stays on the previous day's record until that hour. `start_new_workday()` only triggers when crossing this boundary. Don't naively use `date.today()` in time logic.
+```text
+PyQt5>=5.15.0
+pywin32>=305
+python-dateutil>=2.8.0
+matplotlib>=3.4.0
+plyer>=2.0.0
+holidays>=0.40
+```
 
-### 5. Migration idempotency
-All `migrate_*` methods must early-return if already applied. Use sentinel keys — without them, every startup re-runs the migration query.
-
-### 6. Single-file deployment
-`main.exe` embeds `updater.exe` via `main.spec` data files. `_ensure_updater_extracted()` in `main.py` extracts on first launch from `sys._MEIPASS`. Never break the staging copy at `build/staging/updater.exe` — `main.spec --clean` would otherwise wipe `dist/updater.exe` mid-build.
-
-### 7. Updater handoff
-`updater.py` is standalone (no PyQt). Args: `--pid <main_pid> --new <new_main.exe> --target <current_main.exe>`. Waits for PID exit, swaps file with `.bak` rollback, relaunches. Don't add Qt deps to updater.
-
-## 🧩 Module Map
-
-### `core/`
-- `database.py` — SQLite schema + migrations + helpers (`get_setting_*`, `get_consecutive_overtime_days`, `add_korean_holidays_auto`, `log_notification`, `add_meal_record`).
-- `time_calculator.py` — `work_minutes` canonical, `calculate_overtime(unit_minutes=30)` (user-selectable unit).
-- `event_monitor.py` — Win Event IDs 6005/4624/6006.
-- `notifier.py` — 7 notifications, `_enabled()` reads NOTIF_* keys, `notification_before_minutes` configurable.
-- `i18n.py` — `_DICT` ko/en + `_HELP_HTML` (6 tabs).
-- `salary.py` — `estimate_pay(records, hourly_wage, overtime_rate=1.5)`.
-- `settings_keys.py` — All setting keys as constants.
-- `version.py` — `__version__` single source of truth.
-
-### `ui/`
-- `main_window.py` — 1Hz `update_display()`, single-instance `QLocalServer`, 7 keyboard shortcuts.
-- `settings_view.py` — work pattern presets, hour+minute split spinboxes, font scale, high contrast, Discord, Gitea PAT, monthly goals.
-- `stats_view.py` — 3 tabs (weekly/monthly/patterns), matplotlib with hover annotation + clock-in distribution + weekday avg + goal widget.
-- `mini_widget.py` — always-on-top frameless.
-- `help_view.py` — 6 tabs from `_HELP_HTML`. Has "🚀 온보딩 다시 보기" button.
-- `onboarding_view.py` — 5-step QWizard (forced for new users; `ONBOARDING_COMPLETED` sentinel).
-- `today_summary.py` — post-clockout card.
-- `goal_widget.py` — monthly progress bars (overtime cap, daily avg).
-- `meal_time_dialog.py` — lunch/dinner real start-end input.
-- `past_record_dialog.py` — calendar right-click "add past record".
-- `leave_calendar_view.py` — color-coded leave (green/yellow/purple).
-- `accessibility.py` — `apply_font_scale(scale)`, `apply_high_contrast(enabled)`, `HIGH_CONTRAST_QSS`.
-- `chart_widget.py` — matplotlib QtAgg helpers, `_Fallback` widget if matplotlib missing.
-- Other dialogs: `calendar_view`, `break_view`, `overtime_view`, `leave_view`, `clock_in_dialog`.
-
-### `ui/controllers/`
-- `lock_monitor.py` — Win32 OpenInputDesktop polling 5s for screen-lock auto-break.
-- `auto_lunch.py` — toggles lunch after 4 hours since clock-in.
-- `notification_orchestrator.py` — 5-min-tick orchestrator + `maybe_send_weekly_report()` for Mondays.
-
-### `utils/`
-- `backup.py` — once/day, `~/.clockout_backups/`, 7-rotation, `sqlite3.Connection.backup` API.
-- `lock_detector.py` — `OpenInputDesktop` + `GetUserObjectInformation` for screen lock.
-- `http_api.py` — stdlib `http.server` on `127.0.0.1:17389`, daemon thread. Endpoints: `/status`, `/today`, `/balance`, `/weekly`. NEVER expose externally.
-- `discord_webhook.py` — browser User-Agent (`Mozilla/5.0 ... ClockOutCalculator/2.3`) for Cloudflare bypass. `send_test/clock_in/clock_out/health_warning`.
-- `csv_importer.py` — standard format `date,clock_in,clock_out,lunch_minutes,memo`. `parse_csv()` + `import_records(on_conflict)`.
-- `csv_exporter.py` — same format.
-- `crash_handler.py` — `install_global_handler()` registers `sys.excepthook`, dialog with copy/Gitea-report.
-- `updater_client.py` — Returns `(info, reason)` tuple. Reasons: `OK / NETWORK_ERROR / NO_RELEASE / UP_TO_DATE / NO_ASSET`.
-- `system_tray.py` — tray menu with i18n labels.
-- `time_format.py` — `format_hours_minutes(minutes)`.
-- `debug_log.py` — `dlog(...)` env-gated by `CLOCKOUT_DEBUG`.
-- `resource_manager.py` — PyInstaller `_MEIPASS` aware path resolver.
-
-### Top-level
-- `main.py` — Bootstraps DB, `_ensure_updater_extracted()`, crash handler, onboarding gate, MainWindow.
-- `updater.py` — Standalone PID wait + file replace + relaunch.
-- `main.spec` — Conditional updater embedding from `build/staging/updater.exe`.
-- `updater.spec` — Standalone updater build.
-- `release.ps1` — One-shot release: bump → tests → build → tag push → Gitea Release + assets, optional code signing.
-
-## ⚙️ Build Process
+Install with:
 
 ```bash
-# Manual two-step
-python -m PyInstaller --clean updater.spec   # → dist/updater.exe (~6MB)
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+`pywin32` is required for Windows Event Log access and screen-lock detection. The app is therefore Windows-centric; full functionality will not work on other platforms.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Directory Structure and Module Map
+
+```text
+Clock-out Time Calculator/
+├── main.py                     # Application entry point / bootstrap
+├── updater.py                  # Standalone update helper process (stdlib only)
+├── main.spec                   # PyInstaller spec for main.exe
+├── updater.spec                # PyInstaller spec for updater.exe
+├── release.ps1                 # One-shot release script (PowerShell)
+├── requirements.txt            # Python dependencies
+├── pytest.ini                 # pytest configuration
+├── run_as_admin.bat           # Convenience launcher
+├── core/                       # Business logic and data access
+│   ├── database.py             # SQLite schema, migrations, CRUD
+│   ├── time_calculator.py      # Pure time-math engine
+│   ├── event_monitor.py        # Windows Event Log clock-in detection
+│   ├── notifier.py             # Notification rule engine
+│   ├── salary.py               # Optional pay estimation
+│   ├── i18n.py                 # Korean/English translation dictionaries
+│   ├── settings_keys.py        # Setting key constants
+│   ├── achievements.py         # 357 achievement definitions + evaluator
+│   ├── recurring_leaves.py     # Recurring leave pattern expansion
+│   └── version.py              # __version__ single source of truth
+├── ui/                         # PyQt5 views and widgets
+│   ├── main_window.py          # Central 1 Hz main window
+│   ├── styles.py               # Theme colors and QSS
+│   ├── dark_components.py      # Reusable dark-styled widgets
+│   ├── icons.py                # Icon resource helpers
+│   ├── i18n_runtime.py         # Runtime retranslation registry
+│   ├── settings_view.py        # Settings dialog
+│   ├── stats_view.py           # Weekly/monthly/pattern statistics
+│   ├── chart_widget.py         # matplotlib QtAgg wrapper + fallback
+│   ├── calendar_view.py        # Work-record calendar
+│   ├── leave_calendar_view.py  # Color-coded leave calendar
+│   ├── break_view.py           # Break history dialog
+│   ├── overtime_view.py        # Overtime bank/usage dialog
+│   ├── leave_view.py           # Leave management dialog
+│   ├── recurring_leave_dialog.py
+│   ├── schedule_view.py        # Schedule view
+│   ├── clock_in_dialog.py      # Manual clock-in dialog
+│   ├── meal_time_dialog.py     # Lunch/dinner start-end input
+│   ├── past_record_dialog.py   # Add past record dialog
+│   ├── achievements_view.py    # Achievements browser
+│   ├── onboarding_view.py      # 5-step first-run wizard
+│   ├── today_summary.py        # Post-clock-out card
+│   ├── goal_widget.py          # Monthly goal progress bars
+│   ├── mini_widget.py          # Always-on-top frameless widget
+│   ├── help_view.py            # 6-tab help dialog
+│   ├── accessibility.py        # Font scale / high-contrast helpers
+│   └── controllers/            # Thin controllers split from MainWindow
+│       ├── lock_monitor.py     # Screen-lock auto-break / unlock clock-in
+│       ├── auto_lunch.py       # Auto-lunch after 4 hours
+│       ├── notification_orchestrator.py  # 5-min-tick orchestrator
+│       └── meal_controller.py  # Lunch/dinner toggle handling
+├── utils/                      # Helpers and integrations
+│   ├── backup.py               # Daily SQLite backup with 7-rotation
+│   ├── lock_detector.py        # Win32 screen-lock detection
+│   ├── discord_webhook.py      # Discord embed pushes
+│   ├── csv_importer.py         # CSV import (standard format)
+│   ├── csv_exporter.py         # CSV export
+│   ├── crash_handler.py        # Global excepthook + optional Gitea report
+│   ├── updater_client.py       # Gitea Releases API client
+│   ├── system_tray.py          # System tray menu
+│   ├── time_format.py          # format_hours_minutes helper
+│   ├── font_loader.py          # NanumSquare font loading
+│   ├── resource_manager.py     # PyInstaller _MEIPASS path resolver
+│   ├── debug_log.py            # CLOCKOUT_DEBUG gated logging
+│   └── holiday_api.py          # Korean holiday API client
+├── tests/                      # pytest unit tests (13 files)
+├── font/                       # Bundled NanumSquare fonts
+├── resources/                  # Icons and resource links
+├── analysis/                   # Currently empty (only __init__.py)
+├── build/                      # Build staging directory
+└── dist/                       # Built EXEs and release ZIPs
+```
+
+> **Note:** `utils/http_api.py` is referenced in older documentation but is **not present** in the current working tree.
+
+---
+
+## 4. How to Build, Run, and Smoke-Test
+
+### Development run
+
+```bash
+python main.py
+```
+
+`main.py` inserts the project root into `sys.path`, bootstraps the database, loads fonts, installs the crash handler, shows onboarding if needed, and launches `MainWindow`.
+
+A convenience batch file is provided:
+
+```bash
+run_as_admin.bat
+```
+
+Running as administrator is recommended because Windows Event Log access may be restricted for standard users.
+
+### Module-level smoke tests
+
+```bash
+python core/event_monitor.py
+python core/time_calculator.py
+```
+
+These run lightweight self-tests when invoked as scripts.
+
+### Production build (manual two-step)
+
+```bash
+python -m PyInstaller --clean updater.spec
 mkdir -p build/staging && cp dist/updater.exe build/staging/
-python -m PyInstaller --clean main.spec      # → dist/main.exe (~78MB, embeds updater)
-
-# Or one-shot
-.\release.ps1 v2.7.0
+python -m PyInstaller --clean main.spec
 ```
 
-- `dist/main.exe` running → `PermissionError`. Kill it first.
-- `holidays` package only baked in if installed in build env.
-- Code signing optional via `$env:CODE_SIGN_CERT` (.pfx path) + `$env:CODE_SIGN_PASS`.
+- `updater.spec` builds `dist/updater.exe` (~6 MB, stdlib only, no Qt/matplotlib/win32/holidays).
+- `main.spec` builds `dist/main.exe` (~78 MB) and embeds `updater.exe` from `build/staging/updater.exe` (falling back to `dist/updater.exe`).
+- The staging copy is critical: `main.spec --clean` wipes `dist/`, so without `build/staging/updater.exe` the updater would be deleted mid-build.
 
-## 🚦 External Integrations
+### Production build (one-shot)
 
-- **Auto-update** (`utils/updater_client.py`): polls `https://kindnick-git.duckdns.org/api/v1/repos/kindnick/Clock_out_Time_Calculator/releases/latest`. UA: `ClockOutCalculator/<version>`. Repo must be public.
-- **Discord webhook** (`utils/discord_webhook.py`): single-direction push, optional. Mozilla UA mandatory (Cloudflare blocks Python UA).
-- **Gitea Issues** for crash reports (`utils/crash_handler.py`): user opt-in via `GITEA_FEEDBACK_ENABLED` + `GITEA_FEEDBACK_TOKEN`.
-- **HTTP API** (`utils/http_api.py`): bound to `127.0.0.1` only — never expose externally. Read-only.
-- **Cloud sync via `db_path_override`**: settings stores DB path; main.py + main_window.py both bootstrap with default DB to read this key, then reopen with override path. Don't break the bootstrap order.
-- **`holidays` package**: `add_korean_holidays_auto()` returns `-1` if package missing → UI falls back to `add_korean_holidays()` (8 fixed dates).
-
-## 🐞 Past Incidents (do NOT re-introduce)
-
-- **+29h remaining time bug** (Phase 1): caused by `break_minutes -= overtime_used`. Fixed by subtracting `total_time_off` AFTER `calculate_remaining_time` call.
-- **Manual overtime invisible**: previously filtered `work_record_id IS NOT NULL`. Now show all rows; label NULL as "수동 추가".
-- **`annual_leave_total` vs `annual_leave_days`**: two keys for the same value. Auto-synced in `save_settings()`.
-- **Banker's rounding**: `round(450/60) = 8` in Python (round-half-even). Use `int(value) // 60` (floor).
-- **PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON conflict** with existing manual overtime records → IntegrityError. Rolled back FK enforcement, kept WAL+timeout.
-- **Discord 403 / Cloudflare 1010**: default `Python-urllib/3.x` User-Agent blocked. Fixed with browser UA in `discord_webhook.py`.
-- **Help dialog blank** (v2.3.1): `self.setLayout(main_layout)` accidentally indented into `_reopen_onboarding` method body. Same regression hit `leave_view.py` later. Always verify setLayout is at the END of `init_ui()` after method-body refactors.
-- **`dist/updater.exe` wiped by `main.spec --clean`**: solved by staging copy at `build/staging/updater.exe`.
-- **Onboarding wizard auto-skipped** for existing users (work_records present). Added "Re-run Onboarding" button to Help dialog.
-- **PowerShell 5.1 ANSI default**: `Get-Content -Raw` reads CHANGELOG.md as cp949, mangling Korean. Use `[System.IO.File]::ReadAllText(path, UTF8)`.
-- **PowerShell 5.1 NativeCommandError**: native commands' stderr triggers `$ErrorActionPreference='Stop'`. Use `Invoke-Native` helper with `Continue` and explicit `$LASTEXITCODE`.
-
-## 🌐 i18n Coverage Status
-
-- **Fully translated**: window titles, menus, buttons, group boxes, mini widget, tray menu, all 7 notifications, HelpView 6 tabs, settings_view core labels, stats_view labels, onboarding wizard, today summary, goal widget, accessibility settings.
-- **Partially translated**: settings_view sub-labels, calendar_view detail labels, meal_time_dialog, past_record_dialog.
-- **Roadmap**: dialog inner labels in break_view/overtime_view/leave_view (window titles already translated). Runtime retranslate (no restart).
-
-Adding new translations: add key to `_DICT['ko']` AND `_DICT['en']`, replace literal with `tr('key')`. For sentence interpolation use `tr('key', name=value)`.
-
-## 🚢 Release Flow ([release.ps1](release.ps1))
-
-```
-0. Pre-checks (PAT env var, no running main.exe, no existing tag, no uncommitted changes)
-1. Bump core/version.py
-2. Tests (pytest tests/ + python _integration_test.py) — skippable with --SkipTests
-3. PyInstaller (updater.spec → staging copy → main.spec)
-4. ZIP packaging (main.exe + updater.exe)
-5. Git commit (version.py + CHANGELOG.md) + tag + push
-6. Gitea Release POST (CHANGELOG.md UTF-8 read, regex extract section)
-7. Asset upload (main.exe, updater.exe, ZIP)
+```bash
+.\release.ps1 v2.11.2
 ```
 
-`--DryRun` previews without git push or API calls.
+The version argument must match `^v\d+\.\d+\.\d+$` and will be written into `core/version.py`.
+
+### Build gotchas
+
+- Kill any running `main.exe` before building or PyInstaller will fail with `PermissionError`.
+- The `holidays` package is only baked into the EXE if it is installed in the build environment.
+- Optional code signing is supported via `$env:CODE_SIGN_CERT` (.pfx path) and `$env:CODE_SIGN_PASS`.
+- `main.spec` lists several `hiddenimports` that are easy to break: `holidays`, `holidays.countries.south_korea`, `win32evtlog`, `win32evtlogutil`, `matplotlib.backends.backend_qtagg`, `matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg`, `PyQt5.QtSvg`, `PyQt5.sip`, and `numpy.core._multiarray_tests`.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Testing Strategy
+
+The project uses three layers of tests.
+
+### 5.1 Unit tests (pytest)
+
+Configuration: `pytest.ini`
+
+```bash
+python -m pytest tests/ -v --tb=short
+```
+
+There are **13 test files** under `tests/`:
+
+- `test_time_calculator.py` — clock-out, overtime truncation, holiday overtime, day-type detection
+- `test_database.py` — settings, migrations, leave calculations, consecutive OT days
+- `test_csv_importer.py` — CSV parsing, validation, conflict handling
+- `test_salary.py` — pay estimation and won formatting
+- `test_recurring_leaves.py` — pattern parsing and expansion
+- `test_crash_handler.py` — crash log insertion and Gitea reporting (mocked)
+- `test_discord_webhook.py` — URL validation, payload shape, network errors
+- `test_holiday_api.py` — API response parsing and error handling
+- `test_i18n.py` — language switching, missing-key fallback, interpolation
+- `test_i18n_runtime.py` — runtime retranslation of Qt widgets
+- `test_overtime_accrual_guard.py` — auto-overtime rollover guard
+- `test_updater.py` — version parsing, Gitea API URL, update logic
+
+`tests/conftest.py` sets `CLOCKOUT_DISABLE_HOLIDAY_SYNC=1` so the background holiday-sync thread does not hold open temporary DB files during test cleanup.
+
+**Current status:** `194 passed`.
+
+### 5.2 Integration scenarios
+
+```bash
+python _integration_test.py
+```
+
+A standalone script with a custom `@case` decorator. It runs **53 scenarios** (S1–S52, S52A–E) covering fresh-install migrations, work-pattern calculations, overtime banking, leave, weekends/holidays, notifications, backup, settings sync, i18n, CSV import/export, salary, crash log, updater semver, Discord guards, goals, and accessibility keys.
+
+**Current status:** `PASS: 53  FAIL: 0  WARN: 0`.
+
+### 5.3 GUI smoke tests
+
+```bash
+python _i18n_gui_test.py   # Korean/English label switching
+python _gui_smoke_test.py  # Widget instantiation
+```
+
+Both use `QT_QPA_PLATFORM=offscreen` so no real windows appear.
+
+- `_i18n_gui_test.py`: 5 cases, **all passing**.
+- `_gui_smoke_test.py`: 8 cases, **all passing**.
+
+### 5.4 Pre-release test command summary
+
+```bash
+python -m pytest tests/ -q
+python _integration_test.py
+python _i18n_gui_test.py
+python _gui_smoke_test.py
+```
+
+`release.ps1` runs the first two by default (skippable with `-SkipTests`).
+
+---
+
+## 6. Code Style and Conventions
+
+### Identifiers
+
+- Classes: `PascalCase`
+- Functions / variables: `snake_case`
+- Module-level constants (especially setting keys): `UPPER_CASE`
+
+### Settings keys
+
+All setting keys are defined as constants in `core/settings_keys.py`. Import and use the constants; **never use raw strings** for new logic. When adding a new key, also add a default value in `Database.init_default_settings()`.
+
+### Imports
+
+Order is typically: standard library → third-party → project modules. Several newer modules use `from __future__ import annotations`.
+
+### Comments and docstrings
+
+Code identifiers are English, but inline comments and docstrings are predominantly Korean. New code should follow the existing bilingual style: English identifiers, Korean explanatory comments.
+
+### UI construction
+
+- Build widgets in `init_ui()`.
+- Use helper methods such as `create_*_group()` for readability.
+- Set `objectName` for QSS styling.
+- Always verify `self.setLayout(main_layout)` is at the **end** of `init_ui()`, not accidentally indented into a method body.
+
+### Type hints
+
+Use type hints on public DB and helper methods (`-> int`, `-> Optional[Dict]`, `-> List[Dict]`, etc.).
+
+### String formatting
+
+Use f-strings for internal messages. For user-visible text, use the i18n API:
+
+```python
+from core.i18n import tr
+tr('key', name=value)
+```
+
+### No enforced linter
+
+There is no `pyproject.toml`, `.flake8`, or `setup.cfg`. Formatting is informal; keep line lengths reasonable and match the surrounding style.
+
+---
+
+## 7. Critical Invariants (MUST PRESERVE)
+
+### 7.1 Time-off subtraction order in `MainWindow.update_display()`
+
+Pass the actual `break_minutes` to `TimeCalculator.calculate_remaining_time()`, then subtract `total_time_off = overtime_used + leave_used` from the resulting `timedelta` **after** the call. **Never** mutate `break_minutes` to `break_minutes - overtime_used` before calling. Doing so previously caused a "+29h remaining time" bug.
+
+```python
+break_minutes = self.db.get_total_break_minutes_today()
+overtime_used_today = self.db.get_today_overtime_usage()
+leave_used_today = self.db.get_today_leave_minutes()
+total_time_off = overtime_used_today + leave_used_today
+remaining = self.time_calc.calculate_remaining_time(..., break_minutes=break_minutes)
+remaining -= timedelta(minutes=total_time_off)
+```
+
+### 7.2 Hot-path caching
+
+`update_display()` runs at **1 Hz**. DB reads inside it must be cached or throttled:
+
+- `cached_time_format` in `MainWindow`
+- `AutoLunchManager` caches enabled/non-working state
+- `NotificationOrchestrator` gates periodic checks to 5-minute buckets
+- Use `_set_text_if_changed()` to avoid useless repaints
+
+### 7.3 24-hour internal time
+
+All calculation uses 24-hour `datetime`. 12-hour conversion (Korean "오전"/"오후") happens only in `MainWindow.format_time()`.
+
+### 7.4 Workday boundary
+
+`workday_boundary_hour` defaults to 6. Overnight work stays on the previous day's record until that hour. Do not naively use `date.today()` in time logic.
+
+### 7.5 Database invariants
+
+- `work_records.date` is `UNIQUE`.
+- `overtime_bank.work_record_id` and `overtime_usage.work_record_id` are **NULLable** for manual entries. Never filter `WHERE work_record_id IS NOT NULL`. Render NULL rows as "수동 추가" / "Manual".
+- `leave_records.days` is `REAL` (1.0 / 0.5 / 0.25 / hourly).
+- Canonical time unit is **minutes** (`work_minutes`). `work_hours` is a derived/floor-synced property. Use `int(minutes) // 60` for hours, not `round()`.
+- Overtime balance = `SUM(bank.earned_minutes) - SUM(usage.used_minutes)` plus any `INITIAL_OVERTIME_MINUTES`.
+- WAL mode + 5-second busy timeout is enabled for cloud-sync friendliness (OneDrive/Dropbox).
+
+### 7.6 Migration idempotency
+
+Every `migrate_*()` method must early-return if already applied. Use sentinel settings or `IF NOT EXISTS`. Examples: `balance_adjustment_migrated_v2`, `annual_leave_keys_migrated`.
+
+### 7.7 Settings auto-sync pairs
+
+`Database.save_settings()` automatically keeps these pairs in sync:
+
+- `WORK_MINUTES ↔ WORK_HOURS` (floor division)
+- `ANNUAL_LEAVE_DAYS ↔ ANNUAL_LEAVE_TOTAL`
+
+### 7.8 Single-file deployment and updater handoff
+
+- `main.exe` embeds `updater.exe` via `main.spec` data files.
+- `_ensure_updater_extracted()` in `main.py` extracts the embedded updater on first launch from `sys._MEIPASS`.
+- Protect the staging copy at `build/staging/updater.exe`.
+- `updater.py` is **standalone** (no Qt/network deps). It accepts `--pid`, `--new`, and `--target`, waits for the PID, swaps files with `.bak` rollback, and relaunches.
+
+---
+
+## 8. Security Considerations
+
+### 8.1 HTTP API
+
+`utils/http_api.py` is **not present** in the current tree. If it is reintroduced, it must bind to `127.0.0.1` only and remain read-only. Never expose it externally.
+
+### 8.2 Discord webhook
+
+- URL is validated against official Discord webhook domains (`discord.com`, `discordapp.com`, canary/ptb).
+- A browser User-Agent is mandatory; Cloudflare blocks the default Python UA.
+- Push failures are silent so they do not break the app.
+
+### 8.3 Auto-update
+
+- Update check polls a self-hosted Gitea API: `https://kindnick-git.duckdns.org/api/v1/repos/kindnick/Clock_out_Time_Calculator/releases/latest`.
+- Downloads `main_new.exe` next to the running executable; `updater.exe` performs the swap with `.bak` rollback.
+- Update apply only works in frozen builds; development `.py` runs are notified but not modified.
+
+### 8.4 DB path handling and cloud sync
+
+- `main.py` and `MainWindow` both bootstrap with the default DB first, read `DB_PATH_OVERRIDE`, then reopen with the override path. Do not break this order.
+- WAL mode + busy timeout tolerates OneDrive/Dropbox sync.
+
+### 8.5 Crash reporting
+
+- Gitea issue reporting is **opt-in** via `GITEA_FEEDBACK_ENABLED` + `GITEA_FEEDBACK_TOKEN`.
+- Tokens are stored as plain strings in the SQLite `settings` table. The UI uses `QLineEdit.Password` echo mode.
+
+### 8.6 Single instance
+
+Multiple copies are prevented via `QLocalServer` named `ClockOutCalculatorInstance`.
+
+### 8.7 Debug logging
+
+`utils/debug_log.py` only emits output when `CLOCKOUT_DEBUG=1` (or `true`/`yes`).
+
+---
+
+## 9. External Integrations
+
+- **Auto-update** (`utils/updater_client.py`): polls the Gitea Releases API. User-Agent: `ClockOutCalculator-Updater/1.0`.
+- **Discord webhook** (`utils/discord_webhook.py`): optional one-direction push. Browser User-Agent required.
+- **Gitea Issues** (`utils/crash_handler.py`): optional crash reporting; opt-in only.
+- **Cloud sync via `DB_PATH_OVERRIDE`**: settings stores the DB path; the app reopens the override path after reading it.
+- **`holidays` package**: `Database.add_korean_holidays_auto()` returns `-1` if the package is missing, and the UI falls back to `add_korean_holidays()` (8 fixed dates).
+- **Korean holiday API** (`utils/holiday_api.py`): 공공데이터포털 특일정보 API 키는 `CLOCKOUT_HOLIDAY_API_KEY` 환경변수에서 읽음. 소스코드/바이너리에 키를 하드코딩하지 않음.
+
+---
+
+## 10. i18n Conventions
+
+- API: `tr(key, **kwargs)` and `tr_html(key)` from `core/i18n.py`.
+- Translations live in `_DICT['ko']` and `_DICT['en']`. **Both languages must receive any new key.**
+- Sentence interpolation uses Python `str.format(**kwargs)`.
+- HelpView HTML content is in `_HELP_HTML`.
+- Runtime retranslation is supported via `ui/i18n_runtime.py` using a weakref registry. Register widgets with `register(widget, key, setter='setText', kwargs={}, post=None)` and call `set_language_and_retranslate(lang)` to update them.
+- UI files (`ui/`) and achievement metadata (`core/achievements.py`) are fully key-based.
+- Remaining P4 internal-data hardcoding (not user-facing labels) includes DB-stored `leave_type` values and Korean holiday names in `core/database.py`.
+- A language change may still prompt a restart for widgets not registered for runtime retranslate.
+
+---
+
+## 11. Release Flow
+
+`release.ps1 vX.Y.Z` performs the full release locally:
+
+1. **Pre-checks**: verify `$env:GITEA_TOKEN`, no running `main.exe`, no existing tag, no uncommitted changes (unless `-DryRun`).
+2. **Bump version**: rewrite `core/version.py`.
+3. **Tests**: run `pytest tests/` and `python _integration_test.py` (skippable with `-SkipTests`).
+4. **Build**: `updater.spec` → `build/staging/` → `main.spec`.
+5. **Code signing** (optional): sign both EXEs if `$env:CODE_SIGN_CERT` is set.
+6. **ZIP packaging**: `dist/ClockOutCalculator-vX.Y.Z.zip` containing `main.exe` and `updater.exe`.
+7. **Git commit + tag + push**: commit `core/version.py` and `CHANGELOG.md`.
+8. **Gitea Release POST**: read `CHANGELOG.md` with UTF-8 to avoid PowerShell 5.1 ANSI mangling, extract the matching section.
+9. **Asset upload**: `main.exe`, `updater.exe`, and the ZIP.
+
+Use `-DryRun` to preview without git push or API calls.
+
+---
+
+## 12. Past Incidents (Do Not Re-introduce)
+
+| Incident | Root cause / fix |
+|----------|------------------|
+| +29h remaining time | Mutating `break_minutes -= overtime_used` before calculation. Fixed by subtracting `total_time_off` after `calculate_remaining_time`. |
+| Manual overtime invisible | Filtering `work_record_id IS NOT NULL`. Now show all rows and label NULL as "수동 추가" / "Manual". |
+| `annual_leave_total` vs `annual_leave_days` | Two keys for the same value; auto-synced in `save_settings()`. |
+| Banker's rounding | `round(450/60) = 8` because Python rounds half to even. Use `int(minutes) // 60`. |
+| FK enforcement rollback | `PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON` conflicted with existing manual overtime records. Kept WAL + timeout, no FK enforcement. |
+| Discord 403 / Cloudflare 1010 | Default Python UA blocked. Fixed with browser UA. |
+| Help dialog blank | `self.setLayout(main_layout)` indented into `_reopen_onboarding`. Verify `setLayout()` is at the end of `init_ui()`. |
+| `dist/updater.exe` wiped by `--clean` | Solved by staging copy at `build/staging/updater.exe`. |
+| Onboarding auto-skipped | Existing users with `work_records` were auto-completed. Added "Re-run Onboarding" button to Help. |
+| PowerShell 5.1 ANSI | `Get-Content -Raw` mangled Korean. Use `[System.IO.File]::ReadAllText(path, UTF8)`. |
+| PowerShell NativeCommandError | Use `Invoke-Native` helper with `$ErrorActionPreference = 'Continue'` and explicit `$LASTEXITCODE`. |
+| Frozen chart numpy failure | Added `numpy.core._multiarray_tests` to `main.spec` hiddenimports. |
+
+---
+
+## 13. Additional References
+
+- `README.md` — end-user feature overview (Korean/English mixed).
+- `CLAUDE.md` — additional Korean-language guidance for this project.
+- `INSTALL.md` — installation and troubleshooting instructions.
+- `CHANGELOG.md` — release notes in Korean.
+- `resources/resource_links.md` — links to external resources.
+
+When modifying code, update this `AGENTS.md` if you change any conventions, build steps, module map, or external integrations described here.
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 440bec2..22de0d6 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,25 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/).
 
+## [2.12.0] — 2026-06-16
+
+### Added — 전체 i18n 키화 완료
+- **UI 전체 사용자 대면 문자열 i18n 키화** — `ui/` 디렉터리 22개 파일의 버튼/라벨/메시지박스/차트/온볼딩/설정/통계 등을 `tr()` 기반으로 전환, `core/i18n.py`에 ko/en 번역 추가.
+- **도전과제 메타데이터 i18n** — `core/achievements.py`의 모든 도전과제 이름/설명을 `achieve.{code}.name/desc` 키로 분리하고 영문 번역 추가.
+- **차트 위젯 라벨 키화** — matplotlib 차트의 축/툴팁/범례/빈 기록 메시지 등을 언어별로 표시.
+- **반복 연차 패턴 설명 키화** — `core/recurring_leaves.describe_pattern()`이 요일/주기 접두사를 i18n 키로 조합.
+
+### Fixed
+- `ui/help_view.py`의 "온보팅 다시 보기" 버튼이 `tr()` 호출이 아닌 리터럴 문자열로 잘못 들어가던 버그 수정.
+- `core/i18n.py` 영문 achievement 번역 중 `Children's`/`Teachers'` 작은따옴표로 인한 SyntaxError 수정.
+- `_i18n_gui_test.py`에 `CLOCKOUT_DISABLE_HOLIDAY_SYNC=1` 추가하여 백그라운드 휴일 동기화 스레드로 인한 세그멘테이션 폴트 방지.
+
+### Changed
+- **공공데이터포털 공휴일 API 키 외부화** — `utils/holiday_api.py`가 `CLOCKOUT_HOLIDAY_API_KEY` 환경변수를 사용하도록 변경.
+- `ui/main_window.py` 1Hz 핫패스 DB 호출 캐싱 추가.
+- `utils/csv_importer.py` overwrite 시 `overtime_usage`도 함께 삭제.
+- `ui/controllers/lock_monitor.py` 컨텍스트 매니저 적용 및 race condition 처리 개선.
+
 ## [2.11.2] — 2026-06-04
 
 ### Fixed
diff --git a/_gui_smoke_test.py b/_gui_smoke_test.py
index 5fa0407..ef06be0 100644
--- a/_gui_smoke_test.py
+++ b/_gui_smoke_test.py
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 # Qt platform plugin: offscreen으로 실제 창 안 뜨게
 os.environ['QT_QPA_PLATFORM'] = 'offscreen'
 
+# 백그라운드 휴일 동기화 스레드 비활성화 (DB lock / segfault 방지)
+os.environ['CLOCKOUT_DISABLE_HOLIDAY_SYNC'] = '1'
+
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
 app = QApplication.instance() or QApplication(sys.argv)
 
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ def test_stats_view():
     from ui.stats_view import StatsView
     dlg = StatsView(db=db)
     # 데이터 없어도 정상 로드
-    assert dlg.weekly_total_hours.text() is not None
+    assert dlg.weekly_total_card is not None
     dlg.deleteLater()
 
 
@@ -101,12 +104,25 @@ def test_main_window_init():
     """MainWindow 초기화 — 가장 무거운 케이스"""
     # QLocalServer 충돌 방지: 프로세스 ID 기반 이름 변경 어려움 → init만 확인
     from ui.main_window import MainWindow
-    w = MainWindow()
+    from datetime import date as _date
+    # MainWindow load_today_data에서 QMessageBox를 띄우지 않도록 오늘 출근 기록을 미리 삽입
+    today = _date.today().isoformat()
+    conn = db.get_connection()
+    try:
+        conn.execute("DELETE FROM work_records WHERE date = ?", (today,))
+        conn.execute(
+            "INSERT INTO work_records (date, clock_in, clock_out, lunch_break, dinner_break) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)",
+            (today, '09:00:00', '18:00:00', 0, 0)
+        )
+        conn.commit()
+    finally:
+        conn.close()
+    w = MainWindow(db=db)
     # 기본 상태
-    assert w.is_clocked_in == False
+    assert w.is_clocked_in == False  # 퇴근 완료 기록이므로 False
     assert w.lunch_break_enabled == False
-    # auto_lunch 캐시 초기 None
-    assert w._auto_lunch_enabled_cache is None
+    # auto_lunch 캐시 초기 None (AutoLunchManager 낶)
+    assert w._auto_lunch._enabled_cache is None
     # 단축키 7개 등록되었는지
     from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QShortcut
     shortcuts = w.findChildren(QShortcut)
diff --git a/_i18n_gui_test.py b/_i18n_gui_test.py
index 001f8b8..dca2103 100644
--- a/_i18n_gui_test.py
+++ b/_i18n_gui_test.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import sys
 import tempfile
 
 os.environ['QT_QPA_PLATFORM'] = 'offscreen'
+os.environ['CLOCKOUT_DISABLE_HOLIDAY_SYNC'] = '1'
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton, QGroupBox
diff --git a/core/achievements.py b/core/achievements.py
index 1074af5..9b3e09a 100644
--- a/core/achievements.py
+++ b/core/achievements.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 - notification_log: 휴식 권고 카운트
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
+from core.i18n import tr
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
 from typing import Callable, Optional, List, Tuple
@@ -426,40 +427,40 @@ def _bool_eval(condition_fn):
 # ---- 1. 출근 streak (24개 — 22번 거북이 제거) ----
 _STREAK_DEFS = [
     # (code, name, desc, target, evaluator, tier, icon)
-    ('streak_first', '첫걸음', '첫 출근 기록', 1,
+    ('streak_first', tr('achieve.streak_first.name'), tr('achieve.streak_first.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _count_work_records(db) >= 1), TIER_BRONZE, '👋'),
-    ('streak_3', '뿌리내림', '3일 연속 영업일 출근', 3,
+    ('streak_3', tr('achieve.streak_3.name'), tr('achieve.streak_3.desc'), 3,
         _make_streak_eval(3), TIER_BRONZE, '🌱'),
-    ('streak_5', '첫 주 완주', '5 영업일 연속 출근', 5,
+    ('streak_5', tr('achieve.streak_5.name'), tr('achieve.streak_5.desc'), 5,
         _make_streak_eval(5), TIER_SILVER, '📅'),
-    ('streak_7_cal', '7일 연속', '주말 포함 7일 연속 출근', 7,
+    ('streak_7_cal', tr('achieve.streak_7_cal.name'), tr('achieve.streak_7_cal.desc'), 7,
         _make_streak_eval(7, business_only=False), TIER_SILVER, '🔥'),
-    ('streak_10', '2주 연속', '10 영업일 연속 출근', 10,
+    ('streak_10', tr('achieve.streak_10.name'), tr('achieve.streak_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_streak_eval(10), TIER_SILVER, '💪'),
-    ('streak_22', '한 달 개근', '한 달 영업일 100% 출근 (22일)', 22,
+    ('streak_22', tr('achieve.streak_22.name'), tr('achieve.streak_22.desc'), 22,
         _make_streak_eval(22), TIER_GOLD, '🏔️'),
-    ('streak_50', '50일 연속', '50 영업일 연속 출근', 50,
+    ('streak_50', tr('achieve.streak_50.name'), tr('achieve.streak_50.desc'), 50,
         _make_streak_eval(50), TIER_GOLD, '🎯'),
-    ('streak_100', '100일 연속', '100 영업일 연속 출근', 100,
+    ('streak_100', tr('achieve.streak_100.name'), tr('achieve.streak_100.desc'), 100,
         _make_streak_eval(100), TIER_PLATINUM, '💎'),
-    ('streak_quarter', '분기 완주', '약 65 영업일 (3개월)', 65,
+    ('streak_quarter', tr('achieve.streak_quarter.name'), tr('achieve.streak_quarter.desc'), 65,
         _make_streak_eval(65), TIER_PLATINUM, '🏆'),
-    ('streak_half_year', '반년 마라톤', '약 130 영업일 (6개월)', 130,
+    ('streak_half_year', tr('achieve.streak_half_year.name'), tr('achieve.streak_half_year.desc'), 130,
         _make_streak_eval(130), TIER_PLATINUM, '👑'),
-    ('streak_year', '1년 풀 시즌', '약 260 영업일 (1년)', 260,
+    ('streak_year', tr('achieve.streak_year.name'), tr('achieve.streak_year.desc'), 260,
         _make_streak_eval(260), TIER_LEGEND, '🌟'),
-    ('streak_200', '사이언스', '200 영업일 연속', 200,
+    ('streak_200', tr('achieve.streak_200.name'), tr('achieve.streak_200.desc'), 200,
         _make_streak_eval(200), TIER_LEGEND, '🌌'),
-    ('streak_365_cal', '불사신', '365일 달력 연속', 365,
+    ('streak_365_cal', tr('achieve.streak_365_cal.name'), tr('achieve.streak_365_cal.desc'), 365,
         _make_streak_eval(365, business_only=False), TIER_LEGEND, '🛡️'),
-    ('streak_resilience', '회복력', '결근 후 다음날 즉시 출근 (자동: 달력 streak 깨진 후 재시작)', 1,
+    ('streak_resilience', tr('achieve.streak_resilience.name'), tr('achieve.streak_resilience.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _consecutive_workdays(db) >= 1
                     and _count_work_records(db) >= 5), TIER_BRONZE, '⚡'),
-    ('streak_total_100', '누적 100회', '누적 출근 100회', 100,
+    ('streak_total_100', tr('achieve.streak_total_100.name'), tr('achieve.streak_total_100.desc'), 100,
         _make_count_eval(_count_work_records, 100), TIER_GOLD, '💼'),
-    ('streak_total_500', '누적 500회', '누적 출근 500회', 500,
+    ('streak_total_500', tr('achieve.streak_total_500.name'), tr('achieve.streak_total_500.desc'), 500,
         _make_count_eval(_count_work_records, 500), TIER_PLATINUM, '🏛️'),
-    ('streak_total_1000', '누적 1000회', '누적 출근 1000회', 1000,
+    ('streak_total_1000', tr('achieve.streak_total_1000.name'), tr('achieve.streak_total_1000.desc'), 1000,
         _make_count_eval(_count_work_records, 1000), TIER_LEGEND, '🎖️'),
 ]
 
@@ -476,37 +477,37 @@ def _count_weekday_clockins(db, weekday: int) -> int:
 
 
 _STREAK_DEFS.extend([
-    ('streak_monday_10', '월요일 정복', '월요일 10주 연속 출근', 10,
+    ('streak_monday_10', tr('achieve.streak_monday_10.name'), tr('achieve.streak_monday_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_weekday_clockins(db, 1), 10), TIER_SILVER, '🌅'),
-    ('streak_friday_10', '금요일 무결', '금요일 10주 연속 출근', 10,
+    ('streak_friday_10', tr('achieve.streak_friday_10.name'), tr('achieve.streak_friday_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_weekday_clockins(db, 5), 10), TIER_SILVER, '🌒'),
 ])
 
 
 # ---- 2. 시간 엄수 (19개 - 34/46 제거) ----
 _PUNCTUAL_DEFS = [
-    ('punc_before_8_1', '얼리버드', '08:00 이전 출근 1회', 1,
+    ('punc_before_8_1', tr('achieve.punc_before_8_1.name'), tr('achieve.punc_before_8_1.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_before(db, 8), 1), TIER_BRONZE, '🌄'),
-    ('punc_before_8_10', '참새족', '08:00 이전 10회', 10,
+    ('punc_before_8_10', tr('achieve.punc_before_8_10.name'), tr('achieve.punc_before_8_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_before(db, 8), 10), TIER_SILVER, '🐦'),
-    ('punc_before_8_30', '일찍 자고 일찍', '08:00 이전 30회', 30,
+    ('punc_before_8_30', tr('achieve.punc_before_8_30.name'), tr('achieve.punc_before_8_30.desc'), 30,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_before(db, 8), 30), TIER_GOLD, '🌞'),
-    ('punc_before_6_1', '새벽잠 없음', '06:00 이전 1회', 1,
+    ('punc_before_6_1', tr('achieve.punc_before_6_1.name'), tr('achieve.punc_before_6_1.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_before(db, 6), 1), TIER_GOLD, '🥱'),
-    ('punc_before_6_10', '어둠을 가르는 자', '06:00 이전 10회', 10,
+    ('punc_before_6_10', tr('achieve.punc_before_6_10.name'), tr('achieve.punc_before_6_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_before(db, 6), 10), TIER_PLATINUM, '🌑'),
-    ('punc_before_5', '새벽 챔피언', '05:00 이전 출근', 1,
+    ('punc_before_5', tr('achieve.punc_before_5.name'), tr('achieve.punc_before_5.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_before(db, 5), 1), TIER_LEGEND, '🌌'),
-    ('punc_at_9', '9시 정각', '09:00 정각(±1분) 출근 1회', 1,
+    ('punc_at_9', tr('achieve.punc_at_9.name'), tr('achieve.punc_at_9.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range_minute(db, 9, 0, 9, 2), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🎯'),
-    ('punc_at_9_5', '완벽한 9시', '09:00 정각(±1분) 5회', 5,
+    ('punc_at_9_5', tr('achieve.punc_at_9_5.name'), tr('achieve.punc_at_9_5.desc'), 5,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range_minute(db, 9, 0, 9, 2), 5),
         TIER_SILVER, '🏹'),
-    ('punc_late_5min', '5분 늦음', '09:00~09:05 출근 1회 (자조)', 1,
+    ('punc_late_5min', tr('achieve.punc_late_5min.name'), tr('achieve.punc_late_5min.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range_minute(db, 9, 0, 9, 6), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🛌'),
-    ('punc_at_909', '운명의 시각', '09:09 출근 (시크릿)', 1,
+    ('punc_at_909', tr('achieve.punc_at_909.name'), tr('achieve.punc_at_909.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range_minute(db, 9, 9, 9, 10), 1),
         TIER_GOLD, '🎰'),
 ]
@@ -525,76 +526,76 @@ def _count_clock_in_in_range_minute(db, sh: int, sm: int, eh: int, em: int) -> i
 
 # ---- 3. 워라밸·정시 퇴근 (8개 코어) ----
 _BALANCE_DEFS = [
-    ('bal_first_punct', '첫 칼퇴', '정시 퇴근 첫 달성', 1,
+    ('bal_first_punct', tr('achieve.bal_first_punct.name'), tr('achieve.bal_first_punct.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_count_punctual_clockouts, 1), TIER_BRONZE, '🚪'),
-    ('bal_punct_10', '칼퇴러', '정시 퇴근 10회', 10,
+    ('bal_punct_10', tr('achieve.bal_punct_10.name'), tr('achieve.bal_punct_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(_count_punctual_clockouts, 10), TIER_SILVER, '🎉'),
-    ('bal_punct_30', '칼퇴 챔프', '정시 퇴근 30회', 30,
+    ('bal_punct_30', tr('achieve.bal_punct_30.name'), tr('achieve.bal_punct_30.desc'), 30,
         _make_count_eval(_count_punctual_clockouts, 30), TIER_GOLD, '🏃'),
-    ('bal_punct_100', '진정한 자유', '정시 퇴근 100회', 100,
+    ('bal_punct_100', tr('achieve.bal_punct_100.name'), tr('achieve.bal_punct_100.desc'), 100,
         _make_count_eval(_count_punctual_clockouts, 100), TIER_LEGEND, '🏖️'),
-    ('bal_punct_300', '워라밸 마스터', '정시 퇴근 300회', 300,
+    ('bal_punct_300', tr('achieve.bal_punct_300.name'), tr('achieve.bal_punct_300.desc'), 300,
         _make_count_eval(_count_punctual_clockouts, 300), TIER_LEGEND, '🪐'),
 ]
 
 
 # ---- 4. 연장근무 적립 ----
 _OT_BANK_DEFS = [
-    ('ot_first_30m', '첫 30분', '첫 연장 적립', 30,
+    ('ot_first_30m', tr('achieve.ot_first_30m.name'), tr('achieve.ot_first_30m.desc'), 30,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 30), TIER_BRONZE, '💰'),
-    ('ot_total_60m', '1시간 적금', '누적 1시간 적립', 60,
+    ('ot_total_60m', tr('achieve.ot_total_60m.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_60m.desc'), 60,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 60), TIER_BRONZE, '💵'),
-    ('ot_total_5h', '5시간 적립', '누적 5시간', 300,
+    ('ot_total_5h', tr('achieve.ot_total_5h.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_5h.desc'), 300,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 300), TIER_SILVER, '🏦'),
-    ('ot_total_10h', '10시간 적립', '누적 10시간', 600,
+    ('ot_total_10h', tr('achieve.ot_total_10h.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_10h.desc'), 600,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 600), TIER_SILVER, '💎'),
-    ('ot_total_25h', '25시간 적립', '누적 25시간', 1500,
+    ('ot_total_25h', tr('achieve.ot_total_25h.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_25h.desc'), 1500,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 1500), TIER_GOLD, '🏆'),
-    ('ot_total_50h', '50시간 적립', '누적 50시간', 3000,
+    ('ot_total_50h', tr('achieve.ot_total_50h.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_50h.desc'), 3000,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 3000), TIER_GOLD, '🎯'),
-    ('ot_total_100h', '마라토너', '누적 100시간 (걱정 메시지)', 6000,
+    ('ot_total_100h', tr('achieve.ot_total_100h.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_100h.desc'), 6000,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 6000), TIER_PLATINUM, '🏔️'),
-    ('ot_total_200h', '워크홀릭 경고', '누적 200시간 (경고)', 12000,
+    ('ot_total_200h', tr('achieve.ot_total_200h.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_200h.desc'), 12000,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 12000), TIER_PLATINUM, '🌑'),
-    ('ot_total_300h', '위험 신호', '누적 300시간 (강한 경고)', 18000,
+    ('ot_total_300h', tr('achieve.ot_total_300h.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_300h.desc'), 18000,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 18000), TIER_LEGEND, '⚠️'),
-    ('ot_total_500h', '응급실 단골', '누적 500시간 (자조)', 30000,
+    ('ot_total_500h', tr('achieve.ot_total_500h.name'), tr('achieve.ot_total_500h.desc'), 30000,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_earned, 30000), TIER_LEGEND, '🚑'),
 ]
 
 
 # ---- 5. 연장근무 사용 ----
 _OT_USE_DEFS = [
-    ('use_first', '첫 휴식', '적립 첫 사용', 1,
+    ('use_first', tr('achieve.use_first.name'), tr('achieve.use_first.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _ot_total_used(db) > 0), TIER_BRONZE, '🛌'),
-    ('use_total_5h', '선물 사용', '누적 5시간 사용', 300,
+    ('use_total_5h', tr('achieve.use_total_5h.name'), tr('achieve.use_total_5h.desc'), 300,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_used, 300), TIER_SILVER, '🎁'),
-    ('use_total_25h', '휴식의 가치', '누적 25시간 사용', 1500,
+    ('use_total_25h', tr('achieve.use_total_25h.name'), tr('achieve.use_total_25h.desc'), 1500,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_used, 1500), TIER_GOLD, '🛀'),
-    ('use_total_50h', '회복 마스터', '누적 50시간 사용', 3000,
+    ('use_total_50h', tr('achieve.use_total_50h.name'), tr('achieve.use_total_50h.desc'), 3000,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_used, 3000), TIER_GOLD, '🏖️'),
-    ('use_total_100h', '마사지', '누적 100시간 사용', 6000,
+    ('use_total_100h', tr('achieve.use_total_100h.name'), tr('achieve.use_total_100h.desc'), 6000,
         _make_count_eval(_ot_total_used, 6000), TIER_PLATINUM, '💆'),
 ]
 
 
 # ---- 6. 연차 ----
 _LEAVE_DEFS = [
-    ('leave_first', '첫 연차', '첫 연차 사용', 1,
+    ('leave_first', tr('achieve.leave_first.name'), tr('achieve.leave_first.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_count_leave_records, 1), TIER_BRONZE, '🌴'),
-    ('leave_half', '첫 반차', '0.5일 연차 사용', 1,
+    ('leave_half', tr('achieve.leave_half.name'), tr('achieve.leave_half.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_leave_with_days(db, 0.5)), TIER_BRONZE, '🍃'),
-    ('leave_quarter', '시간 연차', '0.25일 연차 사용', 1,
+    ('leave_quarter', tr('achieve.leave_quarter.name'), tr('achieve.leave_quarter.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_leave_with_days(db, 0.25)), TIER_BRONZE, '⏱️'),
-    ('leave_streak_3', '미니 휴가', '연속 3일 연차', 3,
+    ('leave_streak_3', tr('achieve.leave_streak_3.name'), tr('achieve.leave_streak_3.desc'), 3,
         _make_count_eval(_consecutive_leave_days, 3), TIER_SILVER, '🏝️'),
-    ('leave_streak_5', '본격 휴가', '연속 5일 연차', 5,
+    ('leave_streak_5', tr('achieve.leave_streak_5.name'), tr('achieve.leave_streak_5.desc'), 5,
         _make_count_eval(_consecutive_leave_days, 5), TIER_GOLD, '🌅'),
-    ('leave_streak_7', '장거리 휴가', '연속 7일 이상 연차', 7,
+    ('leave_streak_7', tr('achieve.leave_streak_7.name'), tr('achieve.leave_streak_7.desc'), 7,
         _make_count_eval(_consecutive_leave_days, 7), TIER_PLATINUM, '🛬'),
-    ('leave_total_10', '연차 10회', '연차 기록 10건', 10,
+    ('leave_total_10', tr('achieve.leave_total_10.name'), tr('achieve.leave_total_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(_count_leave_records, 10), TIER_SILVER, '🌊'),
-    ('leave_sick', '병가', 'sick 타입 연차 사용', 1,
+    ('leave_sick', tr('achieve.leave_sick.name'), tr('achieve.leave_sick.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_leave_records(db, 'sick'), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🏥'),
 ]
@@ -602,22 +603,22 @@ _LEAVE_DEFS = [
 
 # ---- 7. 식사 (점심/저녁) ----
 _MEAL_DEFS = [
-    ('meal_lunch_first', '첫 점심 등록', '점심 첫 토글', 1,
+    ('meal_lunch_first', tr('achieve.meal_lunch_first.name'), tr('achieve.meal_lunch_first.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_count_lunch_registrations, 1), TIER_BRONZE, '🍱'),
-    ('meal_lunch_30', '점심 마스터', '점심 등록 30회', 30,
+    ('meal_lunch_30', tr('achieve.meal_lunch_30.name'), tr('achieve.meal_lunch_30.desc'), 30,
         _make_count_eval(_count_lunch_registrations, 30), TIER_SILVER, '🥢'),
-    ('meal_lunch_100', '점심 챔프', '점심 등록 100회', 100,
+    ('meal_lunch_100', tr('achieve.meal_lunch_100.name'), tr('achieve.meal_lunch_100.desc'), 100,
         _make_count_eval(_count_lunch_registrations, 100), TIER_GOLD, '🍜'),
-    ('meal_dinner_first', '첫 저녁 등록', '저녁 첫 토글', 1,
+    ('meal_dinner_first', tr('achieve.meal_dinner_first.name'), tr('achieve.meal_dinner_first.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_count_dinner_registrations, 1), TIER_BRONZE, '🍽️'),
-    ('meal_dinner_10', '저녁 단골', '저녁 등록 10회 (경고)', 10,
+    ('meal_dinner_10', tr('achieve.meal_dinner_10.name'), tr('achieve.meal_dinner_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(_count_dinner_registrations, 10), TIER_SILVER, '🍛'),
-    ('meal_dinner_30', '야식 단골', '저녁 등록 30회 (경고)', 30,
+    ('meal_dinner_30', tr('achieve.meal_dinner_30.name'), tr('achieve.meal_dinner_30.desc'), 30,
         _make_count_eval(_count_dinner_registrations, 30), TIER_GOLD, '🌃'),
-    ('meal_lunch_actual', '실측 점심', '실제 점심 시각 입력', 1,
+    ('meal_lunch_actual', tr('achieve.meal_lunch_actual.name'), tr('achieve.meal_lunch_actual.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_break_records_type(db, 'lunch'), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '⏱️'),
-    ('meal_dinner_actual', '실측 저녁', '실제 저녁 시각 입력', 1,
+    ('meal_dinner_actual', tr('achieve.meal_dinner_actual.name'), tr('achieve.meal_dinner_actual.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_break_records_type(db, 'dinner'), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '⏰'),
 ]
@@ -625,13 +626,13 @@ _MEAL_DEFS = [
 
 # ---- 8. 외출 ----
 _BREAK_DEFS = [
-    ('break_first', '첫 외출', '첫 외출 시작', 1,
+    ('break_first', tr('achieve.break_first.name'), tr('achieve.break_first.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_break_records_type(db, 'break'), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🚶'),
-    ('break_10', '외출 챔프', '외출 10회', 10,
+    ('break_10', tr('achieve.break_10.name'), tr('achieve.break_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_break_records_type(db, 'break'), 10),
         TIER_SILVER, '🚪'),
-    ('break_50', '산책러', '외출 50회', 50,
+    ('break_50', tr('achieve.break_50.name'), tr('achieve.break_50.desc'), 50,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_break_records_type(db, 'break'), 50),
         TIER_GOLD, '🚶‍♂️'),
 ]
@@ -639,39 +640,39 @@ _BREAK_DEFS = [
 
 # ---- 9. 시간대별 ----
 _TIME_SLOT_DEFS = [
-    ('slot_in_06', '06시대 출근', '06:00-06:59 출근 1회', 1,
+    ('slot_in_06', tr('achieve.slot_in_06.name'), tr('achieve.slot_in_06.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range(db, 6, 7), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🌅'),
-    ('slot_in_07', '07시대 출근', '07:00-07:59 출근 1회', 1,
+    ('slot_in_07', tr('achieve.slot_in_07.name'), tr('achieve.slot_in_07.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range(db, 7, 8), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🌄'),
-    ('slot_in_08', '08시대 출근', '08:00-08:59 출근 1회', 1,
+    ('slot_in_08', tr('achieve.slot_in_08.name'), tr('achieve.slot_in_08.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range(db, 8, 9), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '☀️'),
-    ('slot_in_10', '10시대 출근', '10시대 출근 (지각/유연근무)', 1,
+    ('slot_in_10', tr('achieve.slot_in_10.name'), tr('achieve.slot_in_10.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range(db, 10, 11), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🕙'),
-    ('slot_in_11', '11시대 출근', '11시대 출근 (자조)', 1,
+    ('slot_in_11', tr('achieve.slot_in_11.name'), tr('achieve.slot_in_11.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clock_in_in_range(db, 11, 12), 1),
         TIER_SILVER, '🕦'),
-    ('slot_out_19', '19시대 퇴근', '19시대 퇴근 10회 (경고)', 10,
+    ('slot_out_19', tr('achieve.slot_out_19.name'), tr('achieve.slot_out_19.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clockouts_in_hour(db, 19), 10),
         TIER_SILVER, '🌆'),
-    ('slot_out_20', '20시대 퇴근', '20시대 퇴근 10회 (경고)', 10,
+    ('slot_out_20', tr('achieve.slot_out_20.name'), tr('achieve.slot_out_20.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clockouts_in_hour(db, 20), 10),
         TIER_GOLD, '🌌'),
-    ('slot_out_21', '21시대 퇴근', '21시대 퇴근 5회 (경고)', 5,
+    ('slot_out_21', tr('achieve.slot_out_21.name'), tr('achieve.slot_out_21.desc'), 5,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clockouts_in_hour(db, 21), 5),
         TIER_GOLD, '🌑'),
-    ('slot_out_22', '22시대 퇴근', '22시대 퇴근 1회 (경고)', 1,
+    ('slot_out_22', tr('achieve.slot_out_22.name'), tr('achieve.slot_out_22.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clockouts_in_hour(db, 22), 1),
         TIER_PLATINUM, '🦉'),
-    ('slot_out_23', '23시대 퇴근', '23시대 퇴근 1회 (경고)', 1,
+    ('slot_out_23', tr('achieve.slot_out_23.name'), tr('achieve.slot_out_23.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _count_clockouts_in_hour(db, 23), 1),
         TIER_PLATINUM, '🦇'),
-    ('slot_midnight', '자정 퇴근', '자정 이후 퇴근 (경고)', 1,
+    ('slot_midnight', tr('achieve.slot_midnight.name'), tr('achieve.slot_midnight.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_count_clock_out_after_midnight, 1), TIER_LEGEND, '🌚'),
-    ('slot_midnight_3', '올빼미 트리오', '자정 이후 퇴근 3회 (경고)', 3,
+    ('slot_midnight_3', tr('achieve.slot_midnight_3.name'), tr('achieve.slot_midnight_3.desc'), 3,
         _make_count_eval(_count_clock_out_after_midnight, 3), TIER_LEGEND, '🌌'),
 ]
 
@@ -692,50 +693,50 @@ def _count_clockouts_in_hour(db, hour: int) -> int:
 
 # ---- 10. 공휴일·주말 ----
 _SPECIAL_DAY_DEFS = [
-    ('weekend_1', '주말 출근 1회', '토/일 출근 1회', 1,
+    ('weekend_1', tr('achieve.weekend_1.name'), tr('achieve.weekend_1.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_count_weekend_clockins, 1), TIER_SILVER, '🌃'),
-    ('weekend_5', '주말 워커', '주말 출근 5회 (경고)', 5,
+    ('weekend_5', tr('achieve.weekend_5.name'), tr('achieve.weekend_5.desc'), 5,
         _make_count_eval(_count_weekend_clockins, 5), TIER_GOLD, '🌑'),
-    ('weekend_20', '진짜 워크홀릭', '주말 출근 20회 (강한 자조)', 20,
+    ('weekend_20', tr('achieve.weekend_20.name'), tr('achieve.weekend_20.desc'), 20,
         _make_count_eval(_count_weekend_clockins, 20), TIER_PLATINUM, '💀'),
-    ('holiday_1', '공휴일 출근', '한국 공휴일 출근 1회', 1,
+    ('holiday_1', tr('achieve.holiday_1.name'), tr('achieve.holiday_1.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_count_holiday_clockins, 1), TIER_GOLD, '📆'),
-    ('holiday_5', '공휴일 워커홀릭', '한국 공휴일 출근 5회 (경고)', 5,
+    ('holiday_5', tr('achieve.holiday_5.name'), tr('achieve.holiday_5.desc'), 5,
         _make_count_eval(_count_holiday_clockins, 5), TIER_LEGEND, '⚠️'),
-    ('day_christmas', '크리스마스 출근', '12/25 출근 (자조)', 1,
+    ('day_christmas', tr('achieve.day_christmas.name'), tr('achieve.day_christmas.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '12-25')), TIER_GOLD, '🎄'),
-    ('day_newyear', '신정 출근', '1/1 출근 (자조)', 1,
+    ('day_newyear', tr('achieve.day_newyear.name'), tr('achieve.day_newyear.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '01-01')), TIER_GOLD, '🎊'),
-    ('day_liberation', '광복절 출근', '8/15 출근', 1,
+    ('day_liberation', tr('achieve.day_liberation.name'), tr('achieve.day_liberation.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '08-15')), TIER_SILVER, '🎆'),
-    ('day_children', '어린이날 출근', '5/5 출근 (자조)', 1,
+    ('day_children', tr('achieve.day_children.name'), tr('achieve.day_children.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '05-05')), TIER_GOLD, '🎀'),
-    ('day_hangul', '한글날 출근', '10/9 출근', 1,
+    ('day_hangul', tr('achieve.day_hangul.name'), tr('achieve.day_hangul.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '10-09')), TIER_SILVER, '🎤'),
-    ('day_valentine', '발렌타인데이 출근', '2/14 출근', 1,
+    ('day_valentine', tr('achieve.day_valentine.name'), tr('achieve.day_valentine.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '02-14')), TIER_BRONZE, '💝'),
-    ('day_white', '화이트데이 출근', '3/14 출근', 1,
+    ('day_white', tr('achieve.day_white.name'), tr('achieve.day_white.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '03-14')), TIER_BRONZE, '🌹'),
-    ('day_pepero', '빼빼로데이', '11/11 출근', 1,
+    ('day_pepero', tr('achieve.day_pepero.name'), tr('achieve.day_pepero.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '11-11')), TIER_SILVER, '🍫'),
-    ('day_halloween', '핼러윈 출근', '10/31 출근', 1,
+    ('day_halloween', tr('achieve.day_halloween.name'), tr('achieve.day_halloween.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '10-31')), TIER_BRONZE, '🎃'),
-    ('day_aprilfools', '만우절 출근', '4/1 출근', 1,
+    ('day_aprilfools', tr('achieve.day_aprilfools.name'), tr('achieve.day_aprilfools.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '04-01')), TIER_BRONZE, '🃏'),
-    ('day_77', '칠월칠석', '7/7 출근', 1,
+    ('day_77', tr('achieve.day_77.name'), tr('achieve.day_77.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '07-07')), TIER_SILVER, '🎋'),
-    ('day_dongji', '동지 출근', '12/22 출근', 1,
+    ('day_dongji', tr('achieve.day_dongji.name'), tr('achieve.day_dongji.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '12-22')), TIER_BRONZE, '🎇'),
-    ('day_parents', '어버이날 정시 퇴근', '5/8 정시 퇴근', 1,
+    ('day_parents', tr('achieve.day_parents.name'), tr('achieve.day_parents.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_punctual_clockout_on(db, '05-08')),
         TIER_SILVER, '🪅'),
-    ('day_teacher', '스승의 날 정시 퇴근', '5/15 정시 퇴근', 1,
+    ('day_teacher', tr('achieve.day_teacher.name'), tr('achieve.day_teacher.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_punctual_clockout_on(db, '05-15')),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🎂'),
-    ('day_xmas_eve', '크리스마스이브 정시 퇴근', '12/24 정시 퇴근', 1,
+    ('day_xmas_eve', tr('achieve.day_xmas_eve.name'), tr('achieve.day_xmas_eve.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_punctual_clockout_on(db, '12-24')),
         TIER_SILVER, '🎁'),
-    ('day_earth', '지구의 날', '4/22 출근 (시크릿)', 1,
+    ('day_earth', tr('achieve.day_earth.name'), tr('achieve.day_earth.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _has_clockin_on(db, '04-22')), TIER_GOLD, '🌏'),
 ]
 
@@ -760,79 +761,79 @@ def _make_month_first_eval(month: int):
 
 
 _SEASON_DEFS = [
-    ('season_jan', '1월 정착', '1월 한 달 출근', 1,
+    ('season_jan', tr('achieve.season_jan.name'), tr('achieve.season_jan.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_first_eval(1), TIER_BRONZE, '⛄'),
-    ('season_feb', '2월 정착', '2월 영업일 모두 출근', 1,
+    ('season_feb', tr('achieve.season_feb.name'), tr('achieve.season_feb.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_full_attendance_eval(2), TIER_SILVER, '🌨️'),
-    ('season_mar', '봄을 맞이', '3월 첫 출근', 1,
+    ('season_mar', tr('achieve.season_mar.name'), tr('achieve.season_mar.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_first_eval(3), TIER_BRONZE, '🌸'),
-    ('season_apr', '4월 정착', '4월 한 달 출근', 1,
+    ('season_apr', tr('achieve.season_apr.name'), tr('achieve.season_apr.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_full_attendance_eval(4), TIER_BRONZE, '🌷'),
-    ('season_may', '5월 정착', '5월 영업일 모두 출근', 1,
+    ('season_may', tr('achieve.season_may.name'), tr('achieve.season_may.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_full_attendance_eval(5), TIER_SILVER, '🌺'),
-    ('season_jun', '여름의 시작', '6월 첫 출근', 1,
+    ('season_jun', tr('achieve.season_jun.name'), tr('achieve.season_jun.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_first_eval(6), TIER_BRONZE, '☀️'),
-    ('season_jul', '7월 정착', '7월 한 달 출근', 1,
+    ('season_jul', tr('achieve.season_jul.name'), tr('achieve.season_jul.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_full_attendance_eval(7), TIER_BRONZE, '🌻'),
-    ('season_aug', '8월 정착', '8월 영업일 모두 출근', 1,
+    ('season_aug', tr('achieve.season_aug.name'), tr('achieve.season_aug.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_full_attendance_eval(8), TIER_SILVER, '🍦'),
-    ('season_sep', '가을의 시작', '9월 첫 출근', 1,
+    ('season_sep', tr('achieve.season_sep.name'), tr('achieve.season_sep.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_first_eval(9), TIER_BRONZE, '🍂'),
-    ('season_oct', '10월 정착', '10월 한 달 출근', 1,
+    ('season_oct', tr('achieve.season_oct.name'), tr('achieve.season_oct.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_full_attendance_eval(10), TIER_BRONZE, '🌾'),
-    ('season_nov', '11월 단풍', '11월 영업일 모두 출근', 1,
+    ('season_nov', tr('achieve.season_nov.name'), tr('achieve.season_nov.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_full_attendance_eval(11), TIER_SILVER, '🍁'),
-    ('season_dec', '겨울의 시작', '12월 첫 출근', 1,
+    ('season_dec', tr('achieve.season_dec.name'), tr('achieve.season_dec.desc'), 1,
         _make_month_first_eval(12), TIER_BRONZE, '❄️'),
 ]
 
 
 # ---- 12. 앱 사용 마일스톤 ----
 _MILESTONE_DEFS = [
-    ('mile_first', 'Hello, World!', '앱 첫 실행', 1,
+    ('mile_first', tr('achieve.mile_first.name'), tr('achieve.mile_first.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _count_work_records(db) >= 1 or _days_since_first_work(db) >= 0),
         TIER_BRONZE, '👋'),
-    ('mile_7days', '일주일 사용', '7일 사용', 7,
+    ('mile_7days', tr('achieve.mile_7days.name'), tr('achieve.mile_7days.desc'), 7,
         _make_count_eval(_days_since_first_work, 7), TIER_BRONZE, '🗓️'),
-    ('mile_30days', '한 달 사용', '30일 사용', 30,
+    ('mile_30days', tr('achieve.mile_30days.name'), tr('achieve.mile_30days.desc'), 30,
         _make_count_eval(_days_since_first_work, 30), TIER_SILVER, '📚'),
-    ('mile_365days', '1주년', '365일 사용', 365,
+    ('mile_365days', tr('achieve.mile_365days.name'), tr('achieve.mile_365days.desc'), 365,
         _make_count_eval(_days_since_first_work, 365), TIER_PLATINUM, '💎'),
-    ('mile_730days', '2주년', '730일 사용', 730,
+    ('mile_730days', tr('achieve.mile_730days.name'), tr('achieve.mile_730days.desc'), 730,
         _make_count_eval(_days_since_first_work, 730), TIER_LEGEND, '🌟'),
-    ('mile_1095days', '3주년', '3년 사용', 1095,
+    ('mile_1095days', tr('achieve.mile_1095days.name'), tr('achieve.mile_1095days.desc'), 1095,
         _make_count_eval(_days_since_first_work, 1095), TIER_LEGEND, '🎖️'),
-    ('mile_5years', '5년 사용자', '5년 사용', 1825,
+    ('mile_5years', tr('achieve.mile_5years.name'), tr('achieve.mile_5years.desc'), 1825,
         _make_count_eval(_days_since_first_work, 1825), TIER_LEGEND, '🏆'),
-    ('mile_10years', '10년 사용자', '10년 사용', 3650,
+    ('mile_10years', tr('achieve.mile_10years.name'), tr('achieve.mile_10years.desc'), 3650,
         _make_count_eval(_days_since_first_work, 3650), TIER_LEGEND, '🎖️'),
 ]
 
 
 # ---- 13. 통계·분석 (view counter 기반) ----
 _STATS_DEFS = [
-    ('stat_weekly_10', '주간 통계러', '주간 탭 10회 조회', 10,
+    ('stat_weekly_10', tr('achieve.stat_weekly_10.name'), tr('achieve.stat_weekly_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _setting_int(db, 'stat_weekly_view_count'), 10),
         TIER_BRONZE, '📊'),
-    ('stat_monthly_10', '월간 통계러', '월간 탭 10회', 10,
+    ('stat_monthly_10', tr('achieve.stat_monthly_10.name'), tr('achieve.stat_monthly_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _setting_int(db, 'stat_monthly_view_count'), 10),
         TIER_BRONZE, '📈'),
-    ('stat_pattern_10', '패턴 분석가', '패턴 탭 10회', 10,
+    ('stat_pattern_10', tr('achieve.stat_pattern_10.name'), tr('achieve.stat_pattern_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _setting_int(db, 'stat_pattern_view_count'), 10),
         TIER_SILVER, '🔍'),
-    ('stat_calendar_30', '캘린더 챔프', '캘린더 30회 조회', 30,
+    ('stat_calendar_30', tr('achieve.stat_calendar_30.name'), tr('achieve.stat_calendar_30.desc'), 30,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _setting_int(db, 'calendar_view_count'), 30),
         TIER_SILVER, '📅'),
-    ('stat_report_first', '일일 보고서 첫 생성', '일일 보고 1회', 1,
+    ('stat_report_first', tr('achieve.stat_report_first.name'), tr('achieve.stat_report_first.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _setting_int(db, 'daily_report_count'), 1),
         TIER_BRONZE, '📋'),
-    ('stat_report_30', '보고서 챔프', '일일 보고 30회', 30,
+    ('stat_report_30', tr('achieve.stat_report_30.name'), tr('achieve.stat_report_30.desc'), 30,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _setting_int(db, 'daily_report_count'), 30),
         TIER_SILVER, '📰'),
-    ('stat_chart_hover', '차트 호버 발견', '차트 hover 첫 발견', 1,
+    ('stat_chart_hover', tr('achieve.stat_chart_hover.name'), tr('achieve.stat_chart_hover.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: db.get_setting('chart_hover_discovered', 'false').lower() == 'true'),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🎨'),
-    ('stat_achievements_open', '도전과제 박물관', '도전과제 뷰 50회', 50,
+    ('stat_achievements_open', tr('achieve.stat_achievements_open.name'), tr('achieve.stat_achievements_open.desc'), 50,
         _make_count_eval(lambda db: _setting_int(db, 'achievements_view_count'), 50),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🦄'),
 ]
@@ -957,23 +958,23 @@ def _has_500_anniv_clockin(db) -> bool:
 
 
 _SECRET_DEFS = [
-    ('secret_palindrome', '회문 시각', '출근 시각이 회문', 1,
+    ('secret_palindrome', tr('achieve.secret_palindrome.name'), tr('achieve.secret_palindrome.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_clock_in_palindrome), TIER_GOLD, '🪞'),
-    ('secret_jackpot', '잭팟 시각', '출근 시각 모든 자릿수 동일', 1,
+    ('secret_jackpot', tr('achieve.secret_jackpot.name'), tr('achieve.secret_jackpot.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_clock_in_jackpot), TIER_PLATINUM, '🎰'),
-    ('secret_fri13', '13일 금요일', '13일 금요일 출근', 1,
+    ('secret_fri13', tr('achieve.secret_fri13.name'), tr('achieve.secret_fri13.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_friday_13th_clockin), TIER_GOLD, '🌑'),
-    ('secret_777', '7-7-7', '7월 7일 7시 7분 출근', 1,
+    ('secret_777', tr('achieve.secret_777.name'), tr('achieve.secret_777.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_777), TIER_LEGEND, '🔮'),
-    ('secret_exact_8h', '정확 8시간', '정확히 8h 0m 근무', 1,
+    ('secret_exact_8h', tr('achieve.secret_exact_8h.name'), tr('achieve.secret_exact_8h.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_exact_8h), TIER_PLATINUM, '🎯'),
-    ('secret_pi_day', '파이 데이', '3/14 01:59 출근', 1,
+    ('secret_pi_day', tr('achieve.secret_pi_day.name'), tr('achieve.secret_pi_day.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_pi_day), TIER_LEGEND, '🥧'),
-    ('secret_fibonacci', '피보나치', '출근 분이 피보나치 수', 1,
+    ('secret_fibonacci', tr('achieve.secret_fibonacci.name'), tr('achieve.secret_fibonacci.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_fibonacci_minute), TIER_SILVER, '🔢'),
-    ('secret_double_six', '더블 식스', '6/6 18:06 출근', 1,
+    ('secret_double_six', tr('achieve.secret_double_six.name'), tr('achieve.secret_double_six.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_double_six), TIER_LEGEND, '🎲'),
-    ('secret_anniversary', '마법사', '가입 후 정확히 365일 후 출근', 1,
+    ('secret_anniversary', tr('achieve.secret_anniversary.name'), tr('achieve.secret_anniversary.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(_has_500_anniv_clockin), TIER_LEGEND, '🧙'),
 ]
 
@@ -984,30 +985,30 @@ def _setting_changed_from_default(db, key: str, default_value: str) -> bool:
 
 
 _SETTINGS_DEFS = [
-    ('set_dark', '다크 사이드', '다크 테마 1회 사용', 1,
+    ('set_dark', tr('achieve.set_dark.name'), tr('achieve.set_dark.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _setting_changed_from_default(db, 'theme', 'light')),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🌗'),
-    ('set_lang', '이중언어', '언어 변경 (en 사용)', 1,
+    ('set_lang', tr('achieve.set_lang.name'), tr('achieve.set_lang.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: db.get_setting('language', 'ko') == 'en'),
         TIER_BRONZE, '🌐'),
-    ('set_a11y', '접근성 활용', '글꼴 크기≠100% 또는 고대비 ON', 1,
+    ('set_a11y', tr('achieve.set_a11y.name'), tr('achieve.set_a11y.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: db.get_setting('font_scale', '1.0') != '1.0'
                     or db.get_setting('high_contrast', 'false').lower() == 'true'),
         TIER_BRONZE, '♿'),
-    ('set_overtime_unit', '단위 변경', 'overtime_unit 변경', 1,
+    ('set_overtime_unit', tr('achieve.set_overtime_unit.name'), tr('achieve.set_overtime_unit.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: db.get_setting('overtime_unit', '30') != '30'),
         TIER_BRONZE, '⏱️'),
-    ('set_goal_full', '목표 마스터', '월 연장+일평균 둘 다 설정', 1,
+    ('set_goal_full', tr('achieve.set_goal_full.name'), tr('achieve.set_goal_full.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: _setting_int(db, 'goal_overtime_max_monthly') > 0
                     and float(db.get_setting('goal_avg_hours_daily', '0') or 0) > 0),
         TIER_SILVER, '🎯'),
-    ('set_discord_full', '풀 셋업', 'Discord URL + 모든 알림 ON', 1,
+    ('set_discord_full', tr('achieve.set_discord_full.name'), tr('achieve.set_discord_full.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: bool(db.get_setting('discord_webhook_url', '') or '')
                     and all(db.get_setting(k, 'true').lower() == 'true' for k in
                               ('notification_clock_out', 'notification_lunch',
                                'notification_overtime', 'notification_health'))),
         TIER_SILVER, '🔔'),
-    ('set_cloud', '클라우드 동기화', 'DB 경로 변경', 1,
+    ('set_cloud', tr('achieve.set_cloud.name'), tr('achieve.set_cloud.desc'), 1,
         _bool_eval(lambda db: bool(db.get_setting('db_path_override', '') or '')),
         TIER_SILVER, '☁️'),
 ]
@@ -1032,21 +1033,21 @@ def _earned_secret_count(db) -> int:
 
 
 _META_DEFS = [
-    ('meta_first', '첫 도전과제', '첫 도전과제 획득', 1,
+    ('meta_first', tr('achieve.meta_first.name'), tr('achieve.meta_first.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_earned_count, 1), TIER_BRONZE, '🏆'),
-    ('meta_10', '10개 달성', '10개 보유', 10,
+    ('meta_10', tr('achieve.meta_10.name'), tr('achieve.meta_10.desc'), 10,
         _make_count_eval(_earned_count, 10), TIER_BRONZE, '🎖️'),
-    ('meta_25', '25개 달성', '25개 보유', 25,
+    ('meta_25', tr('achieve.meta_25.name'), tr('achieve.meta_25.desc'), 25,
         _make_count_eval(_earned_count, 25), TIER_SILVER, '🥈'),
-    ('meta_50', '50개 달성', '50개 보유', 50,
+    ('meta_50', tr('achieve.meta_50.name'), tr('achieve.meta_50.desc'), 50,
         _make_count_eval(_earned_count, 50), TIER_GOLD, '🥇'),
-    ('meta_75', '75개 달성', '75개 보유', 75,
+    ('meta_75', tr('achieve.meta_75.name'), tr('achieve.meta_75.desc'), 75,
         _make_count_eval(_earned_count, 75), TIER_PLATINUM, '💎'),
-    ('meta_100', '100개 달성', '100개 보유', 100,
+    ('meta_100', tr('achieve.meta_100.name'), tr('achieve.meta_100.desc'), 100,
         _make_count_eval(_earned_count, 100), TIER_LEGEND, '🌟'),
-    ('meta_secret_1', '시크릿 발견', '첫 시크릿 발견', 1,
+    ('meta_secret_1', tr('achieve.meta_secret_1.name'), tr('achieve.meta_secret_1.desc'), 1,
         _make_count_eval(_earned_secret_count, 1), TIER_SILVER, '🔍'),
-    ('meta_secret_5', '시크릿 헌터', '시크릿 5개 발견', 5,
+    ('meta_secret_5', tr('achieve.meta_secret_5.name'), tr('achieve.meta_secret_5.desc'), 5,
         _make_count_eval(_earned_secret_count, 5), TIER_GOLD, '🌑'),
 ]
 
diff --git a/core/database.py b/core/database.py
index d08e5ae..42badc8 100644
--- a/core/database.py
+++ b/core/database.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from core.settings_keys import (
     WORK_HOURS, WORK_MINUTES, ANNUAL_LEAVE_TOTAL, ANNUAL_LEAVE_DAYS,
     INITIAL_OVERTIME_MINUTES, INITIAL_LEAVE_USED_HOURS,
 )
+from utils.debug_log import dlog
 
 
 class Database:
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ class Database:
         finally:
             try:
                 conn.close()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                dlog(f"connection close failed: {e}")
 
     def _enable_concurrency(self):
         """WAL 모드 활성화 — 동시 읽기 + 쓰기 가능, 클라우드 동기화 친화."""
@@ -118,7 +119,8 @@ class Database:
             sentinel = self.get_setting('holidays_synced_date', '')
             if sentinel == today:
                 return
-        except Exception:
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"holiday sync precheck failed: {e}")
             return
 
         cur_year = _dt.now().year
@@ -131,8 +133,8 @@ class Database:
                 added = db.add_korean_holidays_auto(cur_year, include_next_year=True)
                 if added >= 0:
                     db.set_setting('holidays_synced_date', today)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                dlog(f"holiday sync worker failed: {e}")
 
         t = threading.Thread(target=_worker, daemon=True, name='holiday-sync')
         t.start()
@@ -1070,7 +1072,8 @@ class Database:
             target = _dt.strptime(date_str, '%Y-%m-%d').date()
             recs = self.get_recurring_leaves(active_on=date_str)
             recurring_days = sum(o.days for o in expand_for_date(recs, target))
-        except Exception:
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"recurring leave expansion failed: {e}")
             recurring_days = 0.0
 
         return concrete_days + recurring_days
@@ -1356,17 +1359,21 @@ class Database:
         for row in rows:
             key = row['key']
             value = row['value']
-            # 타입 변환
-            if value.lower() in ['true', 'false']:
-                settings[key] = value.lower() == 'true'
-            else:
+            # 타입 변환 (bool 우선, 숫자, 문자열 순)
+            lower = (value or '').lower()
+            if lower in ('1', 'true', 'yes', 'on'):
+                settings[key] = True
+                continue
+            if lower in ('0', 'false', 'no', 'off', ''):
+                settings[key] = False
+                continue
+            try:
+                settings[key] = int(value)
+            except ValueError:
                 try:
-                    settings[key] = int(value)
+                    settings[key] = float(value)
                 except ValueError:
-                    try:
-                        settings[key] = float(value)
-                    except ValueError:
-                        settings[key] = value
+                    settings[key] = value
         return settings
 
     def save_settings(self, settings: Dict):
@@ -1388,7 +1395,8 @@ class Database:
                 pass
         elif 'work_hours' in synced and 'work_minutes' not in synced:
             try:
-                synced['work_minutes'] = int(round(float(synced['work_hours']) * 60))
+                # 은행 반올림 회피: 명시적 반올림
+                synced['work_minutes'] = int(float(synced['work_hours']) * 60 + 0.5)
             except (ValueError, TypeError):
                 pass
 
@@ -1674,7 +1682,8 @@ class Database:
             ''', (date, leave_type, days, memo))
             conn.commit()
         # 잔여 개수 차감 (별도 트랜잭션 — set_leave_balance 내부 commit)
-        self.set_leave_balance(current_balance - days)
+        # get_leave_balance()가 leave_records를 실시간으로 계산하므로
+        # 별도로 leave_balance 설정값을 갱신할 필요가 없음.
 
     # ===== 공휴일 관련 메서드 =====
 
@@ -1838,7 +1847,8 @@ class Database:
             try:
                 import holidays as _holidays
                 kr = _holidays.country_holidays('KR', years=y)
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception as e:
+                dlog(f"holidays package fallback failed for {y}: {e}")
                 continue  # 둘 다 실패면 해당 연도만 스킵
             for d, name in kr.items():
                 date_str = d.isoformat()
diff --git a/core/i18n.py b/core/i18n.py
index 96d9d3a..26a5dda 100644
--- a/core/i18n.py
+++ b/core/i18n.py
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ _DICT = {
         'label.remaining': '남은 시간',
         'label.overtime_progress': '추가 근무 중',
         'label.expected_clock_out': '예상 퇴근',
-        'label.clock_in_time': '출근 시간',
+        'label.clock_in_time': '출근',
+        'label.current_time': '현재',
         'label.clock_out_time': '퇴근 시간',
         'label.work_hours_label': '하루 기본 근무:',
         'label.lunch_default': '점심시간 기본:',
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ _DICT = {
         'label.weekday_sun': '일',
         'label.am': '오전',
         'label.pm': '오후',
+        'label.recurring_yearly': ' (매년)',
 
         # === 알림 ===
         'notif.clock_out_soon.title': '⏰ 퇴근 시간 임박',
@@ -108,6 +110,16 @@ _DICT = {
         'notif.health.body': '{days}일 연속 연장근무 중입니다.\n건강을 챙기세요!',
         'notif.weekly_52.title': '🚨 주 52시간 초과',
         'notif.weekly_52.body': '이번 주 총 근무시간이 {hours:.1f}시간입니다.\n법정 근로시간을 초과했습니다!',
+        'notif.weekly_report.title': '📊 지난주 요약',
+        'notif.weekly_report.body': '기간: {start} ~ {end}\n총 근무: {total_h:.1f}시간 ({days}일)\n일 평균: {avg_h:.1f}시간\n연장근무: {ot_h}시간 {ot_m}분\n가장 긴 날: {longest}',
+        'field.total_work': '총 근무',
+        'field.avg_daily': '일 평균',
+        'field.overtime': '연장근무',
+        'field.longest_day': '가장 긴 날',
+        'notif.achievement.title': '{icon} 도전과제 달성!',
+        'notif.achievement.body': '{name}\n{description}',
+        'discord.achievement.title': '🏆 도전과제 {count}개 달성!',
+        'discord.achievement.body': '새로 잠금 해제된 도전과제 입니다.{extra}',
 
         # === 메시지박스 ===
         'msg.save_success.title': '저장 완료',
@@ -154,6 +166,49 @@ _DICT = {
         'stats.pattern_insights': '근무 패턴 인사이트',
         'stats.analyzing': '데이터를 분석 중입니다...',
         'stats.no_data': '아직 충분한 데이터가 없습니다.',
+        'stats.total_work_hours': '총 근무 시간',
+        'stats.card_work_days': '근무 일수',
+        'stats.card_avg_hours': '일평균',
+        'stats.card_overtime': '연장근무',
+        'stats.this_week': '이번 주',
+        'stats.this_month': '이번 달',
+        'stats.daily_work_hours': '일별 근무 시간',
+        'stats.weekday_avg': '요일별 평균',
+        'stats.clock_in_distribution': '출근 시각 분포',
+        'stats.no_pattern_data': '패턴을 분석할 데이터가 부족합니다.',
+        'stats.value_hours': '{hours}시간',
+        'stats.value_hours_minutes': '{hours}시간 {minutes}분',
+        'stats.value_days': '{days}일',
+        'stats.avg_clock_in': '📌 평균 출근시간: {time}',
+        'stats.overtime_frequency': '📌 연장근무 빈도: {rate}% ({days}/{total}일)',
+        'stats.longest_work': '📌 최장 근무: {date} ({hours}시간)',
+        'stats.consecutive_ot_warning': '⚠️ 최근 {days}일 연속 연장근무 발생!',
+        'stats.weekly_52_exceeded': '🚨 주 52시간 초과: {hours}시간',
+        'stats.salary_estimate': '💰 이번 달 추정 급여: {total} (기본 {base} + 연장 {overtime})',
+
+        # === ChartWidget ===
+        'chart.need_matplotlib': '차트 표시에는 matplotlib가 필요합니다.\npip install matplotlib',
+        'chart.no_records': '기록 없음',
+        'chart.label_normal': '정상',
+        'chart.label_overtime': '연장',
+        'chart.ylabel_hours': '시간',
+        'chart.ylabel_days': '일수',
+        'chart.ylabel_avg_hours': '평균 시간',
+        'chart.hover_text': '▼ {date}\n근무 {hours}h',
+        'chart.hover_overtime': '연장 +{hours}h',
+        'chart.avg_line': '평균 {time}',
+
+        # === ChartWidget ===
+        'chart.need_matplotlib': 'matplotlib is required to display charts.\npip install matplotlib',
+        'chart.no_records': 'No records',
+        'chart.label_normal': 'Normal',
+        'chart.label_overtime': 'Overtime',
+        'chart.ylabel_hours': 'Hours',
+        'chart.ylabel_days': 'Days',
+        'chart.ylabel_avg_hours': 'Avg hours',
+        'chart.hover_text': '▼ {date}\nWork {hours}h',
+        'chart.hover_overtime': 'OT +{hours}h',
+        'chart.avg_line': 'Avg {time}',
 
         # === CalendarView ===
         'cal.title': '월간 근무 캘린더',
@@ -270,7 +325,877 @@ _DICT = {
         'view.leave.added_body': '{days}일 ({hours}시간)의 연차 사용이 기록되었습니다.',
         'view.leave.error_title': '오류',
         'view.leave.error_body': '연차 기록 추가 중 오류가 발생했습니다:\n{err}',
-    },
+
+        # === 메인 윈도우 추가 ===
+        'app.title': '퇴근시간 계산기',
+        'group.today_work': '오늘의 근무',
+        'group.remaining_time': '남은 시간',
+        'group.overtime_leave': '연장근무 및 연차 현황',
+        'tooltip.meal_click': '좌클릭: 토글 / 우클릭: 실제 시간 입력',
+        'tooltip.clock_in_edit': '클릭하여 출근 시간 수정',
+        'btn.achievements': '도전과제',
+        'btn.break_manage': '외출 관리',
+        'section.overtime_earned': '연장근무 적립',
+        'section.leave': '연차',
+        'section.total_time': '총 보유 시간',
+        'btn.use_30min': '30분',
+        'btn.use_1hour': '1시간',
+        'btn.use_2hour': '2시간',
+        'btn.custom_input': '직접입력',
+        'btn.detail': '상세',
+        'btn.half_leave': '반차',
+        'btn.full_leave': '연차',
+        'msg.auto_clock_in.title': '자동 출근 감지',
+        'msg.auto_clock_in.body': '출근 시간이 자동으로 감지되었습니다.\n출근: {time}\n\n잘못된 경우 수정할 수 있습니다.',
+        'msg.manual_clock_in.title': '출근 시간 입력',
+        'msg.manual_clock_in.body': '출근 시간을 자동으로 감지하지 못했습니다.\n\n수동으로 입력하시겠습니까?\n(관리자 권한으로 실행하면 자동 감지됩니다)',
+        'msg.full_day_leave.title': '종일 연차 등록됨',
+        'msg.full_day_leave.body': '오늘은 종일 연차로 등록되어 있습니다.\n그래도 출근하시겠어요?\n\n(출근 시 모든 시간이 연장근무로 적립됩니다.)',
+        'label.full_day_leave_override': '연차 override (전체 적립)',
+        'label.weekend_work': '주말 근무 (전체 적립)',
+        'label.holiday_work': '공휴일 근무 (전체 적립)',
+        'label.holiday_work_no_clock_out': '휴일 근무 (정해진 퇴근시각 없음)',
+        'label.holiday_default': '공휴일',
+        'label.expected_clock_out_prefix': '예상 퇴근: ',
+        'label.total_work_hours': '총 근무시간: {hours:.1f}시간',
+        'label.weekend_work_tag': '[주말 근무]',
+        'label.holiday_work_tag': '[공휴일 근무 - {name}]',
+        'label.overtime_earned_msg': '연장근무 적립: {time} (🕐×{tokens})',
+        'label.full_earned_msg': '전체 적립: {time} (🕐×{tokens})',
+        'label.full_day_leave_today': '오늘은 휴가',
+        'label.full_day_leave_in_use': '연차 사용 중',
+        'label.full_day_leave_format': '{type} — {memo}',
+        'label.vacation': '🌴 휴가',
+        'label.time_hours_minutes': '{hours}시간 {minutes}분',
+        'time_format.12h': '{period} {hour}:{minute}',
+        'break.status_in_progress': '외출 중 ({time}부터)',
+        'break.status_total_hours_minutes': '오늘 총 외출: {hours}시간 {minutes}분',
+        'break.status_total_minutes': '오늘 총 외출: {minutes}분',
+        'break.reason.lock': '화면 잠금',
+        'break.cannot_no_clock_in.title': '외출 불가',
+        'break.cannot_no_clock_in.body': '출근하지 않은 상태입니다.',
+        'break.cannot_already_on_break.body': '이미 외출 중입니다.',
+        'break.cannot_no_record.body': '출근 기록을 찾을 수 없습니다.',
+        'break.started.title': '외출',
+        'break.started.body': '외출 시간: {time}',
+        'break.cannot_return_no_active.body': '진행 중인 외출 기록을 찾을 수 없습니다.',
+        'break.cannot_return_corrupt.body': '외출 시간 기록이 손상되었습니다.',
+        'break.cannot_return_unusable.body': '외출 시간 기록이 손상되어 복귀 처리를 할 수 없습니다.',
+        'break.return.title': '복귀',
+        'break.return.body': '복귀 시간: {time}\n외출 시간: {minutes}분',
+        'mini.open_main': '메인 창 열기',
+        'mini.close': '미니 위젯 닫기',
+        'msg.clock_out_confirm.title': '퇴근 확인',
+        'msg.clock_out_confirm.body': '퇴근 처리하시겠습니까?\n\n퇴근 시간: {time}',
+        'msg.auto_overtime_confirm.title': '연장근무 적립 확인',
+        'msg.auto_overtime_confirm.body': '연장근무 {actual} 발생, {earned} 적립 대상입니다.\n\n적립하시겠습니까?\n(아니오 선택 시 이번 퇴근분은 적립되지 않습니다)',
+        'msg.clock_out_done.title': '퇴근 완료',
+        'msg.clock_out_done.body': '퇴근 처리되었습니다!\n\n{type_info}{total_work}\n{overtime_info}',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_confirm.body': '퇴근을 취소하시겠습니까?\n\n퇴근 시간과 연장근무 적립 내역이 삭제됩니다.',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_done.title': '퇴근 취소 완료',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_done.body': '퇴근이 취소되었습니다.\n다시 근무 중 상태로 전환되었습니다.',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_fail.title': '취소 실패',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_fail.body': '퇴근 기록을 찾을 수 없습니다.',
+        'msg.error.title': '오류',
+        'msg.error.body': '{action} 중 오류가 발생했습니다:\n{error}',
+        'msg.input.title': '시간 입력',
+        'msg.input_error.date_format': '날짜 형식이 잘못되었습니다.\n올바른 형식: YYYY-MM-DD (예: 2024-01-15)',
+        'msg.input_error.overtime_unit': '30분 단위로만 사용 가능합니다.\n예) 0.5시간, 1시간, 1.5시간',
+        'msg.overtime_use.title': '연장근무 사용',
+        'msg.overtime_use_minus.title': '연장근무 사용 (마이너스 전환)',
+        'msg.overtime_use.body': '{minutes}분의 연장근무를 사용하시겠습니까?\n\n현재 잔액: {balance}분\n사용 후 잔액: {new_balance}분',
+        'msg.overtime_use_minus.body': '{minutes}분의 연장근무를 사용하시겠습니까?\n\n현재 잔액: {balance}분\n사용 후 잔액: {new_balance}분 (마이너스)\n\n⚠️ 잔액이 마이너스가 됩니다.\n나중에 초과근무로 갚아야 합니다.',
+        'msg.overtime_use_done.title': '사용 완료',
+        'msg.overtime_use_done.body': '{minutes}분이 사용되었습니다.',
+        'msg.overtime_use_fail.title': '사용 실패',
+        'msg.overtime_input.body': '사용할 시간을 입력하세요 (0.5시간 단위):\n예) 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4',
+        'msg.leave_use.title': '연차 사용',
+        'msg.leave_use_date.title': '연차 사용 날짜',
+        'msg.leave_use_date.body': '사용 날짜를 입력하세요 (YYYY-MM-DD):',
+        'msg.leave_use_reason.title': '연차 사유',
+        'msg.leave_use_reason.body': '사유를 입력하세요 (선택):',
+        'msg.leave_use_confirm.body': '{date}에 {type} {days}를 사용하시겠습니까?\n\n사용 후 잔액: {balance_after}일',
+        'msg.leave_use_done.title': '사용 완료',
+        'msg.leave_use_done.body': '{type}가 사용되었습니다.',
+        'msg.leave_use_impossible.title': '사용 불가',
+        'msg.leave_short.title': '잔액 부족',
+        'msg.leave_short.body': '사용 가능한 연차가 부족합니다.\n현재 잔액: {balance}일\n요청: {days}일',
+        'msg.leave_short_hours.body': '사용 가능한 연차가 부족합니다.\n현재 잔액: {balance}일 ({balance_hours}시간)\n요청: {days}일 ({hours}시간)',
+        'msg.settings_updated.title': '설정 업데이트',
+        'msg.settings_updated.body': '변경된 설정이 즉시 반영되었습니다.',
+        'msg.meal_need_clock_in.title': '출근 필요',
+        'msg.meal_need_clock_in.body': '출근 후에만 식사 시간을 기록할 수 있습니다.',
+        'msg.meal_recorded.title': '기록 완료',
+        'msg.meal_recorded.body': '{meal} {minutes}분 기록되었습니다.\n({start} ~ {end})',
+        'msg.meal_actual_input': '{meal} 실제 시간 입력...',
+        'msg.workday_boundary.title': '근무일 경계 경과',
+        'msg.workday_boundary.body': '근무일 경계 시간({hour}시)이 지나 자동으로 처리되었습니다.\n\n전날 근무: {before} 퇴근 처리\n금일 근무: {boundary} 출근 처리\n\n자정~{hour}시 전까지의 야근은 전날 초과근무로 인정됩니다.',
+        'msg.new_workday.title': '새 근무일',
+        'msg.new_workday.body': '새로운 근무일입니다. ({date})\n\n출근 처리를 하시겠습니까?',
+        'msg.clock_in_set.title': '출근 시간 설정',
+        'msg.clock_in_set.body': '출근 시간이 설정되었습니다.\n\n출근: {time}',
+        'leave.type.annual': '연차',
+        'leave.type.sick': '병가',
+        'leave.type.hourly_leave': '시간연차',
+        'leave.use.full_day': '1일',
+        'leave.use.half_day': '0.5일 (4시간)',
+        'leave.use.hour_1': '0.125일 (1시간)',
+        'leave.use.min_30': '0.0625일 (30분)',
+        'leave.use.custom': '{days}일 ({hours}시간)',
+        'leave.type.half_am': '오전 반차',
+        'leave.type.half_pm': '오후 반차',
+        'leave.type.time_off': '시간 연차',
+        'leave.type.half': '반차',
+        'leave.type.quarter': '반반차',
+        'report.leave_used': '🌴 연차 사용: {value}',
+        'report.leave_used_days_hours': '{days}일 {hours}시간',
+        'report.leave_used_days': '{days}일',
+        'report.leave_used_hours': '{hours}시간',
+        'report.leave_detail': '  - {type}: {time}{memo}',
+        'report.title': '📋 일일 근무 보고서 - {date}',
+        'report.clock_in': '🕐 출근 시간: {time}',
+        'report.clock_out': '🕐 퇴근 시간: {time}',
+        'report.not_clocked_out': '🕐 퇴근 시간: 미퇴근',
+        'report.total_work': '⏱️  총 근무: {time}',
+        'report.break_time': '🚶 외출 시간: {time}',
+        'report.break_detail': '  - {start} ~ {end} ({duration}분){reason}',
+        'report.break_in_progress': '  - {start} ~ 복귀중{reason}',
+        'report.meal_actual': '{label}: {time} (실측)',
+        'report.meal_in_progress': '  - {start} ~ 진행중',
+        'report.meal_default': '{label}: 포함 ({time})',
+        'report.memo': '📝 메모: {memo}',
+        'report.copied.title': '보고서 복사 완료',
+        'report.copied.body': '일일 근무 보고서가 클립보드에 복사되었습니다.\n\n{report}',
+        'label.lunch': '🍱 점심시간',
+        'label.lunch_short': '점심',
+        'label.dinner': '🍽️ 저녁시간',
+        'label.dinner_short': '저녁',
+        'label.overtime_balance_zero': '0분 (×0)',
+        'label.leave_balance_zero': '잔여: 0일',
+        'label.today_estimate': '오늘 추정: {amount}',
+        'label.in_progress': '진행중',
+        'label.break_returning': '복귀중',
+        'label.meal_actual_suffix': '실측',
+        'label.meal_included': '포함',
+        'report.overtime_occurred': '⏰ 추가 근무 발생: {time}',
+        'report.overtime_banked': '   💰 적립: {time} (30분 단위 절삭)',
+        'report.overtime_used': '🕐 추가 근무 사용: {time}',
+        'report.overtime_used_detail': '  - {time}{reason}',
+        'update.new_version_title': '새 버전 발견',
+        'update.apply_failed_title': '업데이트 실패',
+        'update.check_title': '업데이트 확인',
+        'update.up_to_date': '현재 최신 버전입니다 (v{version}).',
+        'update.network_error': '업데이트 서버에 연결할 수 없습니다.\n네트워크 상태를 확인해 주세요.',
+        'update.no_release': '업데이트 저장소에서 릴리스를 찾을 수 없습니다.\n(저장소 비공개 또는 첫 릴리스 전)',
+        'update.no_asset': '새 버전은 있지만 다운로드 가능한 main.exe 자산이 없습니다.\n관리자에게 문의하세요.',
+        'update.unknown': '알 수 없는 응답입니다.',
+        'update.new_found_dev': '새 버전 {version}이 있습니다.\n(개발 환경에서는 자동 적용 불가 — git pull 또는 빌드 후 사용)',
+        'update.new_found': '현재: v{current}\n새 버전: v{new}\n\n릴리스 노트:\n{notes}\n\n지금 다운로드 후 업데이트할까요?',
+        'update.downloading': '다운로드 중...',
+        'update.download_title': '업데이트 다운로드',
+        'update.download_failed': '새 버전 다운로드 중 오류가 발생했습니다.',
+        'update.updater_failed': 'updater.exe를 찾을 수 없거나 실행에 실패했습니다.',
+        'update.restart': '업데이트 적용을 위해 프로그램이 종료됩니다.',
+        'settings.title': '설정',
+        'settings.work_pattern': '근무 패턴:',
+        'settings.preset.standard_8h': '표준 8시간 (점심 60분)',
+        'settings.preset.short_7h30m': '단축근무 7시간 30분 (점심 30분)',
+        'settings.preset.short_7h': '단축근무 7시간 (점심 60분)',
+        'settings.preset.short_6h': '단축근무 6시간 (점심 30분)',
+        'settings.preset.half_4h': '반일 4시간 (점심 0분)',
+        'settings.preset.custom': '사용자 정의',
+        'settings.daily_work': '하루 기본 근무:',
+        'settings.lunch_default': '점심시간 기본:',
+        'settings.dinner_default': '저녁시간 기본:',
+        'settings.auto_apply': '자동 적용',
+        'settings.auto_apply_tooltip': '출근 후 4시간 경과 시 자동 적용',
+        'settings.suffix_hour': ' 시간',
+        'settings.suffix_minute': ' 분',
+        'settings.notif_clock_out': '퇴근 30분 전 알림',
+        'settings.notif_lunch': '점심시간 등록 알림',
+        'settings.notif_dinner': '저녁시간 등록 알림',
+        'settings.notif_overtime': '연장근무 적립 알림',
+        'settings.notif_health': '건강 경고 알림',
+        'settings.notif_break': '휴식 권고 알림',
+        'settings.notif_break_tooltip': '오랜 시간 자리에서 일하면 스트레칭을 권유 (연속 근무 N시간 기준)',
+        'settings.notif_before': '퇴근 알림 시점:',
+        'settings.notif_before_spin_suffix': '분 전',
+        'settings.notif_before_tooltip': '퇴근 임박 알림이 표시될 시점 (분 단위)',
+        'settings.advanced_thresholds': '고급 임계값',
+        'settings.advanced_thresholds_tooltip': '회사 정책·개인 선호에 맞춰 알림 발생 시점 조정',
+        'settings.lunch_alert_after': '점심 알림 (출근 +):',
+        'settings.lunch_alert_tooltip': '출근 후 N시간 경과 시 점심 미등록 알림',
+        'settings.dinner_alert_after': '저녁 알림 (출근 +):',
+        'settings.dinner_alert_tooltip': '출근 후 N시간 경과 시 저녁 미등록 알림',
+        'settings.overtime_alert_at': '연장 누적 알림:',
+        'settings.overtime_alert_tooltip': '연장근무 잔액이 N시간 이상이면 알림',
+        'settings.weekly_limit': '주간 한도 경고:',
+        'settings.weekly_limit_tooltip': '주간 총 근무가 N시간 초과 시 경고 (한국 노동법 기본 52)',
+        'settings.consecutive_ot': '연속 연장 경고:',
+        'settings.consecutive_ot_tooltip': 'N일 이상 연속 연장근무 시 건강 경고',
+        'settings.break_after': '휴식 권고 시점:',
+        'settings.break_after_tooltip': '연속 근무 N시간 경과 시 스트레칭 권유',
+        'settings.time_format': '시간 형식:',
+        'settings.time_format_12': '오전/오후 (오후 5:30)',
+        'settings.time_format_24': '24시간 (17:30)',
+        'settings.theme': '테마:',
+        'settings.theme_light': '라이트',
+        'settings.theme_dark': '다크',
+        'settings.font_scale': '글꼴 크기:',
+        'settings.high_contrast': '고대비 모드',
+        'settings.high_contrast_tooltip': '검정 배경 + 노란 텍스트 (시각약자/야간)',
+        'settings.language_restart_tooltip': '언어 변경은 재시작 후 완전히 적용됩니다.',
+        'settings.current_balance': '현재 잔액: 계산 중...',
+        'settings.calc_unit': '계산 단위:',
+        'settings.initial_overtime': '기존 연장근무:',
+        'settings.auto_bank': '자동 적립',
+        'settings.auto_bank_tooltip': '퇴근 시 연장근무 자동 적립',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_note': '※ 프로그램 사용 전 쌓인 연장근무 시간 (절대값)',
+        'settings.goal_group': '월간 목표 (0=비활성)',
+        'settings.monthly_ot_cap': '월 연장근무 상한:',
+        'settings.daily_avg_goal': '일 평균 근무 목표:',
+        'settings.goal_note': '※ 통계 → 월간 탭에서 진행률 확인',
+        'settings.annual_leave': '연간 연차:',
+        'settings.remaining_leave': '남은 연차: 계산 중...',
+        'settings.used_leave': '기존 사용:',
+        'settings.used_leave_note': '※ 프로그램 사용 전 이미 사용한 연차 (1일=8시간)',
+        'settings.registered': '등록:',
+        'settings.add_korean_holidays': '한국 공휴일 (자동)',
+        'settings.add_korean_holidays_tooltip': '음력 명절(설/추석) + 임시공휴일 포함 자동 등록',
+        'settings.holiday_note': '※ 공휴일 근무 시 모든 시간이 연장근무로 적립됩니다',
+        'settings.list': '목록',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_title': '한국 공휴일 자동 추가',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_years_label': '{start}년 + {end}년',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_years_label_single': '{year}년',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_years_label': '{start}년 + {end}년',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_years_label_single': '{year}년',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_body': '{years} 한국 공휴일을 자동으로 등록하시겠습니까?\n\n포함:\n• 양력 공휴일 (신정/삼일절/어린이날/근로자의 날 등)\n• 음력 명절 (설날 연휴/추석 연휴/석가탄신일)\n• 정부 지정 대체·임시공휴일\n\n※ 1차: 공공데이터포털 특일정보 API (정부 공인, 임시공휴일 포함)\n※ 2차 fallback: \'holidays\' 패키지 (오프라인)',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_added': '{year}년 한국 공휴일 {count}개가 추가되었습니다.',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_included': '포함:\n',
+        'settings.package_not_installed': '패키지 미설치',
+        'settings.package_fallback_body': '\'holidays\' 패키지가 설치되지 않아 고정 공휴일만 추가했습니다.\n\n{hint}  pip install holidays',
+        'settings.package_install_hint': '음력/임시공휴일 자동 등록을 원하시면:\n',
+        'settings.add_done': '추가 완료',
+        'settings.holiday_added': '공휴일이 추가되었습니다.\n{date}: {name}',
+        'settings.holiday_add_title': '공휴일 추가',
+        'settings.holiday_date_prompt': '공휴일 날짜를 입력하세요 (YYYY-MM-DD):',
+        'settings.holiday_name_prompt': '공휴일 이름을 입력하세요:',
+        'settings.holiday_list_title': '공휴일 목록',
+        'settings.holiday_list_header': '=== {year}년 공휴일 목록 ===\n\n',
+        'settings.holiday_list_item': '• {date} ({weekday}): {name}{recurring}',
+        'settings.holiday_total': '총 {count}개',
+        'settings.holiday_delete_confirm': '\n\n공휴일을 삭제하시겠습니까?',
+        'settings.holiday_delete_title': '공휴일 삭제',
+        'settings.holiday_delete_prompt': '삭제할 공휴일을 선택하세요:',
+        'settings.delete_done': '삭제 완료',
+        'settings.holiday_deleted': '{item}이(가) 삭제되었습니다.',
+        'settings.export_csv': 'CSV 내보내기',
+        'settings.export_work': '근무기록',
+        'settings.export_overtime': '연장근무',
+        'settings.export_monthly': '월간 요약',
+        'settings.import_csv': 'CSV 가져오기',
+        'settings.import_tooltip': 'date,clock_in,clock_out,lunch_minutes,memo 헤더 포맷',
+        'settings.import_format': '우리 표준 포맷 (헤더: date,clock_in,clock_out,lunch_minutes,memo)',
+        'settings.db_path_label': 'DB 경로:',
+        'settings.change': '변경...',
+        'settings.db_path_tooltip': '클라우드 폴더(OneDrive/Dropbox 등) 경로로 변경 가능. 재시작 필요.',
+        'settings.auto_break_lock_tooltip': 'PC가 잠기면 외출 시작, 풀리면 복귀를 자동 처리합니다.',
+        'settings.gitea_feedback_label': 'Gitea 피드백:',
+        'settings.gitea_token_placeholder': 'PAT (issue 쓰기 권한, 옵션)',
+        'settings.clock_in_unlock_tooltip': 'PC를 끄지 않고 출근하는 경우 — 부팅 이벤트가 없어도 화면 잠금 해제 시점을 출근으로 기록합니다.',
+        'settings.auto_break_lock': '화면 잠금 시 자동 외출/복귀',
+        'settings.gitea_feedback_tooltip': "오류 발생 시 'Gitea에 보고' 버튼 활성화",
+        'settings.clock_in_unlock': '첫 잠금 해제 시각을 출근시간으로 사용',
+        'settings.version': '버전: v{version}',
+        'settings.check_update': '업데이트 확인 (F5)',
+        'settings.select_db': '데이터베이스 파일 선택',
+        'settings.db_path_saved': '새 경로가 저장되었습니다:\n{path}\n\n기존 데이터를 사용하려면 현재 database.db 파일을 새 위치로 복사하고\n프로그램을 재시작하세요.',
+        'settings.parse_failed': '파싱 실패',
+        'settings.empty_file': '빈 파일',
+        'settings.empty_file_body': '유효한 행이 없습니다.',
+        'settings.conflict_title': '충돌 처리',
+        'settings.conflict_body': '기존 일자와 충돌하면 어떻게 처리할까요?\n',
+        'settings.conflict_body_detailed': '기존 일자와 충돌하면 어떻게 처리할까요?\nYes = 덮어쓰기\nNo = 건너뛰기\nCancel = 취소',
+        'settings.import_failed': '가져오기 실패',
+        'settings.import_result': '가져오기 결과:\n• 추가: {added}건\n• 갱신: {updated}건\n• 건너뜀: {skipped}건',
+        'settings.save_done': '저장 완료',
+        'settings.save_done_body': '설정이 저장되었습니다.',
+        'settings.restart_title': '재시작 / Restart',
+        'settings.restart_body': '주요 화면은 즉시 적용됩니다. 일부 다이얼로그는 재시작 후 완전히 반영됩니다.\n지금 재시작할까요?\n\n',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_title': '기존 연장근무 설정',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_body': '현재 설정: {old_hours}시간 {old_mins}분\n변경할 값: {hours}시간 {mins}분\n\n기존 연장근무 시간을 변경하시겠습니까?',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_done': '설정 완료',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_done_body': '기존 연장근무가 {hours}시간 {mins}분으로 설정되었습니다.',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_error': '기존 연장근무 설정 중 오류가 발생했습니다:\n{error}',
+        'settings.current_overtime_balance': '현재 잔액: {hours}시간 {minutes}분 ({balance}분)',
+        'settings.remaining_leave_fmt': '남은 연차: {remaining:.1f}일 (총 {total}일 중 {used}일 사용)',
+        'settings.holiday_count': '{count}개 ({year}년)',
+        'settings.error': '오류',
+        'settings.export_no_records': '내보낼 기록이 없습니다.',
+        'settings.save_work_title': '근무 기록 저장',
+        'settings.export_done': '내보내기 완료',
+        'settings.work_exported': '근무 기록이 저장되었습니다.\n{path}',
+        'settings.save_ot_title': '연장근무 내역 저장',
+        'settings.ot_exported': '연장근무 내역이 저장되었습니다.\n{path}',
+        'settings.save_monthly_title': '월간 요약 저장',
+        'settings.monthly_exported': '월간 요약이 저장되었습니다.\n{path}',
+        'settings.export_failed': '내보내기 실패',
+        'settings.export_error': '오류: {error}',
+        'settings.initial_leave_title': '기존 사용 연차 설정',
+        'settings.initial_leave_body': '현재 설정: {old_hours}시간 {old_mins}분\n변경할 값: {hours}시간 {mins}분\n\n기존 사용 연차를 변경하시겠습니까?',
+        'settings.initial_leave_done': '설정 완료',
+        'settings.initial_leave_done_body': '기존 사용 연차가 {hours}시간 {mins}분으로 설정되었습니다.',
+        'date_format.full': '{year}년 {month}월 {day}일 ({weekday})',
+    
+        'achieve.cat_ambition': '야망',
+        'achieve.cat_balance': '워라밸',
+        'achieve.cat_break_use': '외출',
+        'achieve.cat_health': '건강',
+        'achieve.cat_korea': '한국 문화',
+        'achieve.cat_leave': '연차',
+        'achieve.cat_meal': '식사',
+        'achieve.cat_meta': '메타',
+        'achieve.cat_milestone': '마일스톤',
+        'achieve.cat_ot_bank': '연장 적립',
+        'achieve.cat_ot_use': '연장 사용',
+        'achieve.cat_pattern': '패턴',
+        'achieve.cat_punctual': '시간 엄수',
+        'achieve.cat_season': '시즌',
+        'achieve.cat_secret': '시크릿',
+        'achieve.cat_settings': '설정',
+        'achieve.cat_special_day': '특별일',
+        'achieve.cat_stats': '통계',
+        'achieve.cat_streak': '출근 streak',
+        'achieve.cat_time_slot': '시간대',
+        'achieve.completion_rate': '달성률',
+        'achieve.earned_date': '  ✓ {date} 달성  ',
+        'achieve.empty': '(아직 없음)',
+        'achieve.secret_locked': '🔒 달성하면 공개됩니다',
+        'achieve.tab_all': '🌐 전체 · {count}',
+        'achieve.tab_completed': '✓ 완료 · {count}',
+        'achieve.tab_in_progress': '⚡ 진행 중 · {count}',
+        'achieve.tab_secret': '🌑 시크릿 · {earned}/{total}',
+        'achieve.tier_bronze': '브론즈',
+        'achieve.tier_gold': '골드',
+        'achieve.tier_legend': '레전드',
+        'achieve.tier_platinum': '플래티넘',
+        'achieve.tier_silver': '실버',
+        'achieve.title': '도전과제',
+        'cal.add_done_body': '{date} 기록이 추가되었습니다.',
+        'cal.add_done_title': '추가 완료',
+        'cal.add_error_body': '기록 추가 실패: {error}',
+        'cal.add_error_title': '오류',
+        'cal.btn_minus_30': '-30분',
+        'cal.btn_plus_30': '+30분',
+        'cal.check_dinner_1h': '저녁 (1시간)',
+        'cal.check_lunch_1h': '점심 (1시간)',
+        'cal.context_add': '{date} 기록 추가',
+        'cal.context_delete': '{date} 삭제',
+        'cal.context_edit': '{date} 편집',
+        'cal.delete_confirm_body': '{date} 기록을 정말 삭제하시겠습니까?\n(연장근무 적립 내역도 함께 삭제됩니다)',
+        'cal.delete_confirm_title': '삭제 확인',
+        'cal.delete_done_body': '{date} 기록 삭제됨',
+        'cal.delete_done_title': '삭제 완료',
+        'cal.delete_record': '기록 삭제',
+        'cal.delete_selected_body': '{date}의 출근 기록을 삭제하시겠습니까?\n\n※ 연관된 연장근무 적립/사용 기록도 함께 삭제됩니다.\n※ 이 작업은 되돌릴 수 없습니다.',
+        'cal.delete_selected_title': '출근 기록 삭제',
+        'cal.detail_clock_in': '출근: {time}',
+        'cal.detail_clock_out': '퇴근: {time}',
+        'cal.detail_clock_out_none': '퇴근: 미기록',
+        'cal.detail_date_fmt': '{year}년 {month}월 {day}일',
+        'cal.detail_dinner_unused': '저녁시간: 미사용',
+        'cal.detail_dinner_used': '저녁시간: 사용함',
+        'cal.detail_group_title': '선택된 날짜 정보',
+        'cal.detail_lunch_unused': '점심시간: 미사용',
+        'cal.detail_lunch_used': '점심시간: 사용함',
+        'cal.detail_memo': '메모: {memo}',
+        'cal.detail_overtime_earned': '🔥 연장근무 적립: {hours}시간 {minutes}분',
+        'cal.detail_total_hours': '총 근무시간: {hours:.1f}시간',
+        'cal.dialog_title': '월간 근무 기록',
+        'cal.edit_dialog_subtitle': '{date} 출퇴근 시간 수정',
+        'cal.edit_dialog_title': '출퇴근 시간 수정',
+        'cal.edit_done_body': '{date}의 출퇴근 시간이 수정되었습니다.\n\n출근: {clock_in}\n퇴근: {clock_out}\n점심시간: {lunch}\n저녁시간: {dinner}\n외출시간: {break_minutes}분\n총 근무시간: {total_hours:.1f}시간\n연장근무: {overtime_earned}분 적립',
+        'cal.edit_done_title': '수정 완료',
+        'cal.edit_error_body': '수정 중 오류가 발생했습니다:\n{error}',
+        'cal.edit_error_title': '오류',
+        'cal.edit_note': '※ 수정 시 연장근무 내역이 재계산됩니다.',
+        'cal.edit_time': '시간 수정',
+        'cal.label_clock_in': '출근:',
+        'cal.label_clock_out': '퇴근:',
+        'cal.legend_leave': '휴가',
+        'cal.legend_none': '없음',
+        'cal.legend_normal': '정상',
+        'cal.legend_overtime': '연장',
+        'cal.memo_group': '메모',
+        'cal.memo_placeholder': '추가근무 사유, 특이사항 등...',
+        'cal.no_record': '기록이 없습니다.',
+        'cal.save_memo': '메모 저장',
+        'cal.save_memo_body': '{date}의 메모가 저장되었습니다.',
+        'cal.save_memo_title': '메모 저장',
+        'cal.time_error_body': '퇴근 시간은 출근 시간보다 늦어야 합니다.',
+        'cal.time_error_title': '시간 오류',
+        'clock_in_dialog.cancelled': '취소됨',
+        'clock_in_dialog.selected': '선택된 시간: {time}',
+        'field.avg_daily_value': '{hours:.1f}시간',
+        'field.overtime_value': '{hours}시간 {minutes}분',
+        'field.total_work_value': '{hours:.1f}시간 ({days}일)',
+        'goal.avg_daily': '일평균:',
+        'goal.overtime': '연장근무:',
+        'goal.title': '이번 달 목표',
+        'help.onboarding_button': '온보딩 다시 보기',
+        'leave_cal.detail_label': '{type} {days}일',
+        'leave_cal.detail_memo': '{type} {days}일 ({memo})',
+        'leave_cal.detail_no_record': '{date} — 연차 사용 없음',
+        'leave_cal.header': '잔여 {balance:.2f}일 / 총 {total:.0f}일 (사용 {used:.2f}일)',
+        'leave_cal.legend_full': '종일(1.0)',
+        'leave_cal.legend_full_planned': '종일+예정',
+        'leave_cal.legend_half': '반차(0.5)',
+        'leave_cal.legend_planned': '예정',
+        'leave_cal.legend_quarter': '반반차(0.25)',
+        'leave_cal.title': '연차 캘린더',
+        'meal.dialog_title': '{meal} 시간 입력',
+        'meal.error_after_clock_out': '퇴근({time}) 이후입니다',
+        'meal.error_before_clock_in': '출근({time}) 이전입니다',
+        'meal.error_start_after_end': '시작이 종료보다 늦습니다',
+        'meal.error_too_long': '식사 시간이 8시간을 초과합니다',
+        'meal.info_clock_in_limit': '\n출근 {time} 이후만 입력 가능.',
+        'meal.info_text': '{meal} 시작·종료 시각을 입력하세요.\n자동 적용된 {minutes}분 대신 정확한 시간으로 기록됩니다.',
+        'meal.input_error_title': '입력 오류',
+        'meal.label_end': '종료:',
+        'meal.label_start': '시작:',
+        'meal.preview_total': '총 {minutes}분',
+        'mini.close': '미니 위젯 닫기',
+        'mini.open_main': '메인 창 열기',
+        'onboarding.detection_boot': 'PC 부팅 시간 (기본 — 매일 PC를 끄는 경우)',
+        'onboarding.detection_info': '\nPC를 항상 켜둔 채 출근하시는 분은 두 번째 옵션을 권장합니다.',
+        'onboarding.detection_manual': '수동 입력만 (자동 감지 안 함)',
+        'onboarding.detection_subtitle': '앱이 출근 시간을 자동으로 어떻게 감지할지 선택하세요.',
+        'onboarding.detection_title': '출근 시간 감지 방식',
+        'onboarding.detection_unlock': '화면 잠금 해제 시간 (PC를 안 끄고 다니는 경우)',
+        'onboarding.discord_enable': 'Discord 웹훅 알림 사용',
+        'onboarding.discord_failed': '실패',
+        'onboarding.discord_failed_body': '전송 실패. URL을 다시 확인해주세요.',
+        'onboarding.discord_guide': '셋업 방법:\n1. Discord 서버에서 채널 우클릭 → 편집 → 연동 → 웹훅\n2. 새 웹훅 만들기 → URL 복사\n3. 위 입력란에 붙여넣기',
+        'onboarding.discord_subtitle': '출퇴근 시각·휴식 권고를 Discord로 받으려면 웹훅 URL을 입력하세요. (모바일에서 푸시 알림)',
+        'onboarding.discord_success': '성공',
+        'onboarding.discord_success_body': 'Discord 채널에서 테스트 메시지를 확인하세요.',
+        'onboarding.discord_test': '테스트 메시지 보내기',
+        'onboarding.discord_title': 'Discord 알림 (선택)',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_invalid_body': 'Discord 웹훅 URL 형식이 아닙니다.\n예: https://discord.com/api/webhooks/{ID}/{TOKEN}',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_invalid_title': 'URL 형식 오류',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_placeholder': 'https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_required_body': '웹훅 URL을 먼저 입력해주세요.',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_required_title': 'URL 필요',
+        'onboarding.finish_msg': '설정한 내용은 [설정] 메뉴에서 언제든 바꿀 수 있습니다.\n온보딩을 다시 보고 싶으면 [도움말 → 온보딩 다시 보기]를 누르세요.\n\n단축키:\n  • Ctrl+O — 출퇴근 토글\n  • F1 — 도움말\n  • F5 — 업데이트 확인\n  • Ctrl+, — 설정',
+        'onboarding.finish_subtitle': '이제 출근부터 자동 추적됩니다.',
+        'onboarding.finish_title': '준비 완료!',
+        'onboarding.hourly_wage': '시급:',
+        'onboarding.input_error_title': '입력 오류',
+        'onboarding.leave_group': '연간 연차',
+        'onboarding.leave_salary_subtitle': '연차 일수와 급여(선택)를 입력하세요.',
+        'onboarding.leave_salary_title': '연차 + 급여 (옵션)',
+        'onboarding.my_leave': '내 연차:',
+        'onboarding.overtime_rate': '연장수당 가산률:',
+        'onboarding.rate_1_5x': '1.5배 (한국 노동법 기본)',
+        'onboarding.rate_1x': '1.0배 (가산 없음)',
+        'onboarding.rate_2x': '2.0배 (야근/휴일 가산)',
+        'onboarding.salary_enabled': '급여 추정 활성화',
+        'onboarding.salary_group': '급여 추정 (옵션 — 포괄임금이면 비활성)',
+        'onboarding.wage_suffix': ' 원/시간',
+        'onboarding.welcome_intro': '이 앱은:\n• 컴퓨터 부팅/잠금 해제로 출근 시간 자동 감지\n• 30분 단위 연장근무 적립\n• 연차·반차·외출 시간 추적\n• 매일 퇴근 시간을 1초마다 카운트다운\n\n[다음] 버튼을 눌러 시작하세요.',
+        'onboarding.welcome_subtitle': 'Clock-out Time Calculator를 처음 사용하시는군요. 5단계로 빠르게 설정하겠습니다.',
+        'onboarding.welcome_title': '환영합니다!',
+        'onboarding.window_title': 'Clock-out Calculator — 시작 설정',
+        'onboarding.work_min_too_small': '하루 근무는 최소 30분 이상이어야 합니다.',
+        'onboarding.work_pattern_subtitle': '본인의 하루 근무 시간을 선택하세요. 나중에 설정에서 바꿀 수 있습니다.',
+        'onboarding.work_pattern_title': '근무 패턴',
+        'past_record.check_clock_out': '입력',
+        'past_record.check_dinner': '저녁시간 포함',
+        'past_record.check_lunch': '점심시간 포함',
+        'past_record.dialog_title': '기록 추가 — {date}',
+        'past_record.info': '{date} 근무 기록을 입력하세요.',
+        'past_record.input_error_body': '퇴근 시간이 출근 시간보다 빠르거나 같습니다.',
+        'past_record.input_error_title': '입력 오류',
+        'past_record.label_clock_in': '출근:',
+        'past_record.label_clock_out': '퇴근:',
+        'past_record.label_memo': '메모 (선택):',
+        'past_record.memo_placeholder': '예: 재택근무 / 외근 / 휴가',
+        'recurring.add_done_body': '반복 패턴이 등록되었습니다.\n{pattern}',
+        'recurring.add_done_title': '추가 완료',
+        'recurring.add_group': '신규 패턴 추가',
+        'recurring.biweekly': '격주',
+        'recurring.btn_add': '추가',
+        'recurring.btn_delete_selected': '선택 삭제',
+        'recurring.day_suffix': '일',
+        'recurring.deduction_full': '1.0일 (종일)',
+        'recurring.deduction_half': '0.5일 (반차)',
+        'recurring.deduction_quarter': '0.25일 (반반차)',
+        'recurring.delete_confirm_body': '이 반복 패턴을 삭제하시겠습니까?\n\n{item}',
+        'recurring.delete_confirm_title': '삭제 확인',
+        'recurring.input_error_title': '입력 오류',
+        'recurring.input_error_weekday': '최소 한 개 요일을 선택하세요.',
+        'recurring.label_cycle': '주기:',
+        'recurring.label_deduction': '차감:',
+        'recurring.label_end': '종료:',
+        'recurring.label_memo': '메모:',
+        'recurring.label_monthly_day': '매월:',
+        'recurring.label_start': '시작:',
+        'recurring.label_weekday': '요일:',
+        'recurring.list_group': '등록된 반복 패턴',
+        'recurring.memo_placeholder': '예: 육아 단축근무',
+        'recurring.monthly': '매월 N일',
+        'recurring.no_end': '종료 없음 (무기한)',
+        'recurring.title': '반복 연차 관리',
+        'recurring.pattern_weekly': '{prefix} {weekdays}요일',
+        'recurring.pattern_monthly': '매월 {day}일',
+        'recurring.weekly': '매주',
+        'schedule.btn_add_leave': '연차 등록',
+        'schedule.btn_recurring': '반복 패턴 관리',
+        'schedule.delete': '삭제',
+        'schedule.delete_leave_confirm_body': '이 연차 기록을 삭제하시겠습니까? (잔액이 자동 복구됩니다.)',
+        'schedule.delete_leave_confirm_title': '삭제 확인',
+        'schedule.delete_recurring_confirm_body': '이 반복 패턴을 삭제하시겠습니까? (이후 모든 인스턴스 제거)',
+        'schedule.delete_recurring_confirm_title': '삭제 확인',
+        'schedule.detail_placeholder': '날짜를 선택하세요',
+        'schedule.header': '월간 스케줄 — 휴일 + 연차 + 반복 패턴',
+        'schedule.holiday': '공휴일: {name}',
+        'schedule.leave_label': '{type} {days}일',
+        'schedule.recurring_item': '{pattern} · {days}일 ({type})',
+        'schedule.legend_half': '반차/반반차',
+        'schedule.legend_holiday': '공휴일',
+        'schedule.legend_leave_planned': '연차 예정',
+        'schedule.legend_leave_used': '연차 사용',
+        'schedule.legend_recurring': '반복 패턴',
+        'schedule.no_events': '일정 없음',
+        'schedule.title': '스케줄',
+        'schedule.weekend': '주말 ({weekday})',
+        'schedule.weekday_suffix': '요일',
+        'today.detail_break': '외출 {minutes}분',
+        'today.detail_dinner': '저녁 {minutes}분',
+        'today.detail_lunch': '점심 {minutes}분',
+        'today.detail_overtime': '연장 {actual}분 → 적립 {earned}분',
+        'today.title': '오늘의 요약',
+        'today.total_work': '총 근무: {hours}시간 {minutes}분',
+        'view.leave.btn_schedule': '스케줄',
+        'view.leave.duplicate_register_body': '{date}에 이미 {existing_days:.2f}일이 등록되어 있어\n추가 {days:.2f}일을 더하면 1일을 초과합니다.',
+        'view.leave.duplicate_register_title': '중복 등록 초과',
+        'view.leave.holiday_register_forbidden_body': '{date}는 이미 공휴일({name})입니다.\n연차를 차감할 필요가 없습니다.',
+        'view.leave.holiday_register_forbidden_title': '공휴일 등록 불가',
+        'view.leave.schedule_tooltip': '휴일 + 연차 + 반복 패턴 통합 보기',
+        'view.leave.used_1day': '1일',
+        'view.leave.used_half_day': '0.5일 (4시간)',
+        'view.leave.used_hours_fmt': '{days}일 ({hours}시간)',
+        'view.leave.used_days_fmt': '{days}일',
+        'view.leave.weekend_register_forbidden_body': '주말에는 연차를 등록할 수 없습니다. (이미 비근무일)',
+        'view.leave.weekend_register_forbidden_title': '주말 등록 불가',
+        # === Achievements ===
+        'achieve.streak_first.name': '첫걸음',
+        'achieve.streak_first.desc': '첫 출근 기록',
+        'achieve.streak_3.name': '뿌리내림',
+        'achieve.streak_3.desc': '3일 연속 영업일 출근',
+        'achieve.streak_5.name': '첫 주 완주',
+        'achieve.streak_5.desc': '5 영업일 연속 출근',
+        'achieve.streak_7_cal.name': '7일 연속',
+        'achieve.streak_7_cal.desc': '주말 포함 7일 연속 출근',
+        'achieve.streak_10.name': '2주 연속',
+        'achieve.streak_10.desc': '10 영업일 연속 출근',
+        'achieve.streak_22.name': '한 달 개근',
+        'achieve.streak_22.desc': '한 달 영업일 100% 출근 (22일)',
+        'achieve.streak_50.name': '50일 연속',
+        'achieve.streak_50.desc': '50 영업일 연속 출근',
+        'achieve.streak_100.name': '100일 연속',
+        'achieve.streak_100.desc': '100 영업일 연속 출근',
+        'achieve.streak_quarter.name': '분기 완주',
+        'achieve.streak_quarter.desc': '약 65 영업일 (3개월)',
+        'achieve.streak_half_year.name': '반년 마라톤',
+        'achieve.streak_half_year.desc': '약 130 영업일 (6개월)',
+        'achieve.streak_year.name': '1년 풀 시즌',
+        'achieve.streak_year.desc': '약 260 영업일 (1년)',
+        'achieve.streak_200.name': '사이언스',
+        'achieve.streak_200.desc': '200 영업일 연속',
+        'achieve.streak_365_cal.name': '불사신',
+        'achieve.streak_365_cal.desc': '365일 달력 연속',
+        'achieve.streak_resilience.name': '회복력',
+        'achieve.streak_resilience.desc': '결근 후 다음날 즉시 출근 (자동: 달력 streak 깨진 후 재시작)',
+        'achieve.streak_total_100.name': '누적 100회',
+        'achieve.streak_total_100.desc': '누적 출근 100회',
+        'achieve.streak_total_500.name': '누적 500회',
+        'achieve.streak_total_500.desc': '누적 출근 500회',
+        'achieve.streak_total_1000.name': '누적 1000회',
+        'achieve.streak_total_1000.desc': '누적 출근 1000회',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_1.name': '얼리버드',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_1.desc': '08:00 이전 출근 1회',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_10.name': '참새족',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_10.desc': '08:00 이전 10회',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_30.name': '일찍 자고 일찍',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_30.desc': '08:00 이전 30회',
+        'achieve.punc_before_6_1.name': '새벽잠 없음',
+        'achieve.punc_before_6_1.desc': '06:00 이전 1회',
+        'achieve.punc_before_6_10.name': '어둠을 가르는 자',
+        'achieve.punc_before_6_10.desc': '06:00 이전 10회',
+        'achieve.punc_before_5.name': '새벽 챔피언',
+        'achieve.punc_before_5.desc': '05:00 이전 출근',
+        'achieve.punc_at_9.name': '9시 정각',
+        'achieve.punc_at_9.desc': '09:00 정각(±1분) 출근 1회',
+        'achieve.punc_at_9_5.name': '완벽한 9시',
+        'achieve.punc_at_9_5.desc': '09:00 정각(±1분) 5회',
+        'achieve.punc_late_5min.name': '5분 늦음',
+        'achieve.punc_late_5min.desc': '09:00~09:05 출근 1회 (자조)',
+        'achieve.punc_at_909.name': '운명의 시각',
+        'achieve.punc_at_909.desc': '09:09 출근 (시크릿)',
+        'achieve.bal_first_punct.name': '첫 칼퇴',
+        'achieve.bal_first_punct.desc': '정시 퇴근 첫 달성',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_10.name': '칼퇴러',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_10.desc': '정시 퇴근 10회',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_30.name': '칼퇴 챔프',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_30.desc': '정시 퇴근 30회',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_100.name': '진정한 자유',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_100.desc': '정시 퇴근 100회',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_300.name': '워라밸 마스터',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_300.desc': '정시 퇴근 300회',
+        'achieve.ot_first_30m.name': '첫 30분',
+        'achieve.ot_first_30m.desc': '첫 연장 적립',
+        'achieve.ot_total_60m.name': '1시간 적금',
+        'achieve.ot_total_60m.desc': '누적 1시간 적립',
+        'achieve.ot_total_5h.name': '5시간 적립',
+        'achieve.ot_total_5h.desc': '누적 5시간',
+        'achieve.ot_total_10h.name': '10시간 적립',
+        'achieve.ot_total_10h.desc': '누적 10시간',
+        'achieve.ot_total_25h.name': '25시간 적립',
+        'achieve.ot_total_25h.desc': '누적 25시간',
+        'achieve.ot_total_50h.name': '50시간 적립',
+        'achieve.ot_total_50h.desc': '누적 50시간',
+        'achieve.ot_total_100h.name': '마라토너',
+        'achieve.ot_total_100h.desc': '누적 100시간 (걱정 메시지)',
+        'achieve.ot_total_200h.name': '워크홀릭 경고',
+        'achieve.ot_total_200h.desc': '누적 200시간 (경고)',
+        'achieve.ot_total_300h.name': '위험 신호',
+        'achieve.ot_total_300h.desc': '누적 300시간 (강한 경고)',
+        'achieve.ot_total_500h.name': '응급실 단골',
+        'achieve.ot_total_500h.desc': '누적 500시간 (자조)',
+        'achieve.use_first.name': '첫 휴식',
+        'achieve.use_first.desc': '적립 첫 사용',
+        'achieve.use_total_5h.name': '선물 사용',
+        'achieve.use_total_5h.desc': '누적 5시간 사용',
+        'achieve.use_total_25h.name': '휴식의 가치',
+        'achieve.use_total_25h.desc': '누적 25시간 사용',
+        'achieve.use_total_50h.name': '회복 마스터',
+        'achieve.use_total_50h.desc': '누적 50시간 사용',
+        'achieve.use_total_100h.name': '마사지',
+        'achieve.use_total_100h.desc': '누적 100시간 사용',
+        'achieve.leave_first.name': '첫 연차',
+        'achieve.leave_first.desc': '첫 연차 사용',
+        'achieve.leave_half.name': '첫 반차',
+        'achieve.leave_half.desc': '0.5일 연차 사용',
+        'achieve.leave_quarter.name': '시간 연차',
+        'achieve.leave_quarter.desc': '0.25일 연차 사용',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_3.name': '미니 휴가',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_3.desc': '연속 3일 연차',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_5.name': '본격 휴가',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_5.desc': '연속 5일 연차',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_7.name': '장거리 휴가',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_7.desc': '연속 7일 이상 연차',
+        'achieve.leave_total_10.name': '연차 10회',
+        'achieve.leave_total_10.desc': '연차 기록 10건',
+        'achieve.leave_sick.name': '병가',
+        'achieve.leave_sick.desc': 'sick 타입 연차 사용',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_first.name': '첫 점심 등록',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_first.desc': '점심 첫 토글',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_30.name': '점심 마스터',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_30.desc': '점심 등록 30회',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_100.name': '점심 챔프',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_100.desc': '점심 등록 100회',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_first.name': '첫 저녁 등록',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_first.desc': '저녁 첫 토글',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_10.name': '저녁 단골',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_10.desc': '저녁 등록 10회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_30.name': '야식 단골',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_30.desc': '저녁 등록 30회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_actual.name': '실측 점심',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_actual.desc': '실제 점심 시각 입력',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_actual.name': '실측 저녁',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_actual.desc': '실제 저녁 시각 입력',
+        'achieve.break_first.name': '첫 외출',
+        'achieve.break_first.desc': '첫 외출 시작',
+        'achieve.break_10.name': '외출 챔프',
+        'achieve.break_10.desc': '외출 10회',
+        'achieve.break_50.name': '산책러',
+        'achieve.break_50.desc': '외출 50회',
+        'achieve.slot_in_06.name': '06시대 출근',
+        'achieve.slot_in_06.desc': '06:00-06:59 출근 1회',
+        'achieve.slot_in_07.name': '07시대 출근',
+        'achieve.slot_in_07.desc': '07:00-07:59 출근 1회',
+        'achieve.slot_in_08.name': '08시대 출근',
+        'achieve.slot_in_08.desc': '08:00-08:59 출근 1회',
+        'achieve.slot_in_10.name': '10시대 출근',
+        'achieve.slot_in_10.desc': '10시대 출근 (지각/유연근무)',
+        'achieve.slot_in_11.name': '11시대 출근',
+        'achieve.slot_in_11.desc': '11시대 출근 (자조)',
+        'achieve.slot_out_19.name': '19시대 퇴근',
+        'achieve.slot_out_19.desc': '19시대 퇴근 10회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.slot_out_20.name': '20시대 퇴근',
+        'achieve.slot_out_20.desc': '20시대 퇴근 10회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.slot_out_21.name': '21시대 퇴근',
+        'achieve.slot_out_21.desc': '21시대 퇴근 5회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.slot_out_22.name': '22시대 퇴근',
+        'achieve.slot_out_22.desc': '22시대 퇴근 1회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.slot_out_23.name': '23시대 퇴근',
+        'achieve.slot_out_23.desc': '23시대 퇴근 1회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.slot_midnight.name': '자정 퇴근',
+        'achieve.slot_midnight.desc': '자정 이후 퇴근 (경고)',
+        'achieve.slot_midnight_3.name': '올빼미 트리오',
+        'achieve.slot_midnight_3.desc': '자정 이후 퇴근 3회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.weekend_1.name': '주말 출근 1회',
+        'achieve.weekend_1.desc': '토/일 출근 1회',
+        'achieve.weekend_5.name': '주말 워커',
+        'achieve.weekend_5.desc': '주말 출근 5회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.weekend_20.name': '진짜 워크홀릭',
+        'achieve.weekend_20.desc': '주말 출근 20회 (강한 자조)',
+        'achieve.holiday_1.name': '공휴일 출근',
+        'achieve.holiday_1.desc': '한국 공휴일 출근 1회',
+        'achieve.holiday_5.name': '공휴일 워커홀릭',
+        'achieve.holiday_5.desc': '한국 공휴일 출근 5회 (경고)',
+        'achieve.day_christmas.name': '크리스마스 출근',
+        'achieve.day_christmas.desc': '12/25 출근 (자조)',
+        'achieve.day_newyear.name': '신정 출근',
+        'achieve.day_newyear.desc': '1/1 출근 (자조)',
+        'achieve.day_liberation.name': '광복절 출근',
+        'achieve.day_liberation.desc': '8/15 출근',
+        'achieve.day_children.name': '어린이날 출근',
+        'achieve.day_children.desc': '5/5 출근 (자조)',
+        'achieve.day_hangul.name': '한글날 출근',
+        'achieve.day_hangul.desc': '10/9 출근',
+        'achieve.day_valentine.name': '발렌타인데이 출근',
+        'achieve.day_valentine.desc': '2/14 출근',
+        'achieve.day_white.name': '화이트데이 출근',
+        'achieve.day_white.desc': '3/14 출근',
+        'achieve.day_pepero.name': '빼빼로데이',
+        'achieve.day_pepero.desc': '11/11 출근',
+        'achieve.day_halloween.name': '핼러윈 출근',
+        'achieve.day_halloween.desc': '10/31 출근',
+        'achieve.day_aprilfools.name': '만우절 출근',
+        'achieve.day_aprilfools.desc': '4/1 출근',
+        'achieve.day_77.name': '칠월칠석',
+        'achieve.day_77.desc': '7/7 출근',
+        'achieve.day_dongji.name': '동지 출근',
+        'achieve.day_dongji.desc': '12/22 출근',
+        'achieve.day_parents.name': '어버이날 정시 퇴근',
+        'achieve.day_parents.desc': '5/8 정시 퇴근',
+        'achieve.day_teacher.name': '스승의 날 정시 퇴근',
+        'achieve.day_teacher.desc': '5/15 정시 퇴근',
+        'achieve.day_xmas_eve.name': '크리스마스이브 정시 퇴근',
+        'achieve.day_xmas_eve.desc': '12/24 정시 퇴근',
+        'achieve.day_earth.name': '지구의 날',
+        'achieve.day_earth.desc': '4/22 출근 (시크릿)',
+        'achieve.season_jan.name': '1월 정착',
+        'achieve.season_jan.desc': '1월 한 달 출근',
+        'achieve.season_feb.name': '2월 정착',
+        'achieve.season_feb.desc': '2월 영업일 모두 출근',
+        'achieve.season_mar.name': '봄을 맞이',
+        'achieve.season_mar.desc': '3월 첫 출근',
+        'achieve.season_apr.name': '4월 정착',
+        'achieve.season_apr.desc': '4월 한 달 출근',
+        'achieve.season_may.name': '5월 정착',
+        'achieve.season_may.desc': '5월 영업일 모두 출근',
+        'achieve.season_jun.name': '여름의 시작',
+        'achieve.season_jun.desc': '6월 첫 출근',
+        'achieve.season_jul.name': '7월 정착',
+        'achieve.season_jul.desc': '7월 한 달 출근',
+        'achieve.season_aug.name': '8월 정착',
+        'achieve.season_aug.desc': '8월 영업일 모두 출근',
+        'achieve.season_sep.name': '가을의 시작',
+        'achieve.season_sep.desc': '9월 첫 출근',
+        'achieve.season_oct.name': '10월 정착',
+        'achieve.season_oct.desc': '10월 한 달 출근',
+        'achieve.season_nov.name': '11월 단풍',
+        'achieve.season_nov.desc': '11월 영업일 모두 출근',
+        'achieve.season_dec.name': '겨울의 시작',
+        'achieve.season_dec.desc': '12월 첫 출근',
+        'achieve.mile_first.name': 'Hello, World!',
+        'achieve.mile_first.desc': '앱 첫 실행',
+        'achieve.mile_7days.name': '일주일 사용',
+        'achieve.mile_7days.desc': '7일 사용',
+        'achieve.mile_30days.name': '한 달 사용',
+        'achieve.mile_30days.desc': '30일 사용',
+        'achieve.mile_365days.name': '1주년',
+        'achieve.mile_365days.desc': '365일 사용',
+        'achieve.mile_730days.name': '2주년',
+        'achieve.mile_730days.desc': '730일 사용',
+        'achieve.mile_1095days.name': '3주년',
+        'achieve.mile_1095days.desc': '3년 사용',
+        'achieve.mile_5years.name': '5년 사용자',
+        'achieve.mile_5years.desc': '5년 사용',
+        'achieve.mile_10years.name': '10년 사용자',
+        'achieve.mile_10years.desc': '10년 사용',
+        'achieve.stat_weekly_10.name': '주간 통계러',
+        'achieve.stat_weekly_10.desc': '주간 탭 10회 조회',
+        'achieve.stat_monthly_10.name': '월간 통계러',
+        'achieve.stat_monthly_10.desc': '월간 탭 10회',
+        'achieve.stat_pattern_10.name': '패턴 분석가',
+        'achieve.stat_pattern_10.desc': '패턴 탭 10회',
+        'achieve.stat_calendar_30.name': '캘린더 챔프',
+        'achieve.stat_calendar_30.desc': '캘린더 30회 조회',
+        'achieve.stat_report_first.name': '일일 보고서 첫 생성',
+        'achieve.stat_report_first.desc': '일일 보고 1회',
+        'achieve.stat_report_30.name': '보고서 챔프',
+        'achieve.stat_report_30.desc': '일일 보고 30회',
+        'achieve.stat_chart_hover.name': '차트 호버 발견',
+        'achieve.stat_chart_hover.desc': '차트 hover 첫 발견',
+        'achieve.stat_achievements_open.name': '도전과제 박물관',
+        'achieve.stat_achievements_open.desc': '도전과제 뷰 50회',
+        'achieve.secret_palindrome.name': '회문 시각',
+        'achieve.secret_palindrome.desc': '출근 시각이 회문',
+        'achieve.secret_jackpot.name': '잭팟 시각',
+        'achieve.secret_jackpot.desc': '출근 시각 모든 자릿수 동일',
+        'achieve.secret_fri13.name': '13일 금요일',
+        'achieve.secret_fri13.desc': '13일 금요일 출근',
+        'achieve.secret_777.name': '7-7-7',
+        'achieve.secret_777.desc': '7월 7일 7시 7분 출근',
+        'achieve.secret_exact_8h.name': '정확 8시간',
+        'achieve.secret_exact_8h.desc': '정확히 8h 0m 근무',
+        'achieve.secret_pi_day.name': '파이 데이',
+        'achieve.secret_pi_day.desc': '3/14 01:59 출근',
+        'achieve.secret_fibonacci.name': '피보나치',
+        'achieve.secret_fibonacci.desc': '출근 분이 피보나치 수',
+        'achieve.secret_double_six.name': '더블 식스',
+        'achieve.secret_double_six.desc': '6/6 18:06 출근',
+        'achieve.secret_anniversary.name': '마법사',
+        'achieve.secret_anniversary.desc': '가입 후 정확히 365일 후 출근',
+        'achieve.set_dark.name': '다크 사이드',
+        'achieve.set_dark.desc': '다크 테마 1회 사용',
+        'achieve.set_lang.name': '이중언어',
+        'achieve.set_lang.desc': '언어 변경 (en 사용)',
+        'achieve.set_a11y.name': '접근성 활용',
+        'achieve.set_a11y.desc': '글꼴 크기≠100% 또는 고대비 ON',
+        'achieve.set_overtime_unit.name': '단위 변경',
+        'achieve.set_overtime_unit.desc': 'overtime_unit 변경',
+        'achieve.set_goal_full.name': '목표 마스터',
+        'achieve.set_goal_full.desc': '월 연장+일평균 둘 다 설정',
+        'achieve.set_discord_full.name': '풀 셋업',
+        'achieve.set_discord_full.desc': 'Discord URL + 모든 알림 ON',
+        'achieve.set_cloud.name': '클라우드 동기화',
+        'achieve.set_cloud.desc': 'DB 경로 변경',
+        'achieve.meta_first.name': '첫 도전과제',
+        'achieve.meta_first.desc': '첫 도전과제 획득',
+        'achieve.meta_10.name': '10개 달성',
+        'achieve.meta_10.desc': '10개 보유',
+        'achieve.meta_25.name': '25개 달성',
+        'achieve.meta_25.desc': '25개 보유',
+        'achieve.meta_50.name': '50개 달성',
+        'achieve.meta_50.desc': '50개 보유',
+        'achieve.meta_75.name': '75개 달성',
+        'achieve.meta_75.desc': '75개 보유',
+        'achieve.meta_100.name': '100개 달성',
+        'achieve.meta_100.desc': '100개 보유',
+        'achieve.meta_secret_1.name': '시크릿 발견',
+        'achieve.meta_secret_1.desc': '첫 시크릿 발견',
+        'achieve.meta_secret_5.name': '시크릿 헌터',
+        'achieve.meta_secret_5.desc': '시크릿 5개 발견',
+        'achieve.streak_monday_10.name': '월요일 정복',
+        'achieve.streak_monday_10.desc': '월요일 10주 연속 출근',
+        'achieve.streak_friday_10.name': '금요일 무결',
+        'achieve.streak_friday_10.desc': '금요일 10주 연속 출근',
+},
     'en': {
         # === Menu/Buttons ===
         'menu.stats': 'Stats',
@@ -312,7 +1237,8 @@ _DICT = {
         'label.remaining': 'Remaining',
         'label.overtime_progress': 'Overtime',
         'label.expected_clock_out': 'Expected Clock-out',
-        'label.clock_in_time': 'Clock-in Time',
+        'label.clock_in_time': 'Clock-in',
+        'label.current_time': 'Current',
         'label.clock_out_time': 'Clock-out Time',
         'label.work_hours_label': 'Daily work:',
         'label.lunch_default': 'Lunch break:',
@@ -334,6 +1260,7 @@ _DICT = {
         'label.weekday_sun': 'Sun',
         'label.am': 'AM',
         'label.pm': 'PM',
+        'label.recurring_yearly': ' (yearly)',
 
         # === Notifications ===
         'notif.clock_out_soon.title': '⏰ Clock-out Soon',
@@ -366,6 +1293,16 @@ _DICT = {
         'notif.health.body': "{days} consecutive days of overtime.\nTake care of your health!",
         'notif.weekly_52.title': '🚨 Weekly 52h Exceeded',
         'notif.weekly_52.body': "This week's total work hours: {hours:.1f}\nLegal limit exceeded!",
+        'notif.weekly_report.title': '📊 Last Week Summary',
+        'notif.weekly_report.body': 'Period: {start} ~ {end}\nTotal: {total_h:.1f}h ({days} days)\nDaily Avg: {avg_h:.1f}h\nOvertime: {ot_h}h {ot_m}m\nLongest Day: {longest}',
+        'field.total_work': 'Total Work',
+        'field.avg_daily': 'Daily Avg',
+        'field.overtime': 'Overtime',
+        'field.longest_day': 'Longest Day',
+        'notif.achievement.title': '{icon} Achievement Unlocked!',
+        'notif.achievement.body': '{name}\n{description}',
+        'discord.achievement.title': '🏆 {count} Achievements Unlocked!',
+        'discord.achievement.body': 'Newly unlocked achievements.{extra}',
 
         # === Message Boxes ===
         'msg.save_success.title': 'Saved',
@@ -412,6 +1349,25 @@ _DICT = {
         'stats.pattern_insights': 'Work Pattern Insights',
         'stats.analyzing': 'Analyzing...',
         'stats.no_data': 'Not enough data yet.',
+        'stats.total_work_hours': 'Total Work Hours',
+        'stats.card_work_days': 'Work Days',
+        'stats.card_avg_hours': 'Daily Avg',
+        'stats.card_overtime': 'Overtime',
+        'stats.this_week': 'This Week',
+        'stats.this_month': 'This Month',
+        'stats.daily_work_hours': 'Daily Work Hours',
+        'stats.weekday_avg': 'Avg by Weekday',
+        'stats.clock_in_distribution': 'Clock-in Distribution',
+        'stats.no_pattern_data': 'Not enough data to analyze patterns.',
+        'stats.value_hours': '{hours}h',
+        'stats.value_hours_minutes': '{hours}h {minutes}m',
+        'stats.value_days': '{days}d',
+        'stats.avg_clock_in': '📌 Avg clock-in: {time}',
+        'stats.overtime_frequency': '📌 OT frequency: {rate}% ({days}/{total} days)',
+        'stats.longest_work': '📌 Longest day: {date} ({hours}h)',
+        'stats.consecutive_ot_warning': '⚠️ {days} consecutive OT days!',
+        'stats.weekly_52_exceeded': '🚨 Weekly 52h exceeded: {hours}h',
+        'stats.salary_estimate': '💰 Est. salary: {total} (base {base} + OT {overtime})',
 
         # === CalendarView ===
         'cal.title': 'Monthly Calendar',
@@ -528,7 +1484,877 @@ _DICT = {
         'view.leave.added_body': '{days} days ({hours}h) of leave usage recorded.',
         'view.leave.error_title': 'Error',
         'view.leave.error_body': 'Failed to add leave record:\n{err}',
-    },
+
+        # === Main Window additions ===
+        'app.title': 'Clock-out Time Calculator',
+        'group.today_work': "Today's Work",
+        'group.remaining_time': 'Remaining Time',
+        'group.overtime_leave': 'Overtime & Leave Status',
+        'tooltip.meal_click': 'Left click: toggle / Right click: enter actual time',
+        'tooltip.clock_in_edit': 'Click to edit clock-in time',
+        'btn.achievements': 'Achievements',
+        'btn.break_manage': 'Manage Breaks',
+        'section.overtime_earned': 'Overtime Banked',
+        'section.leave': 'Annual Leave',
+        'section.total_time': 'Total Banked Time',
+        'btn.use_30min': '30m',
+        'btn.use_1hour': '1h',
+        'btn.use_2hour': '2h',
+        'btn.custom_input': 'Custom',
+        'btn.detail': 'Detail',
+        'btn.half_leave': 'Half-day',
+        'btn.full_leave': 'Full-day',
+        'msg.auto_clock_in.title': 'Auto Clock-in Detected',
+        'msg.auto_clock_in.body': 'Clock-in time was automatically detected.\nClock-in: {time}\n\nYou can edit it if incorrect.',
+        'msg.manual_clock_in.title': 'Enter Clock-in Time',
+        'msg.manual_clock_in.body': 'Could not detect clock-in time automatically.\n\nEnter manually?\n(Run as administrator for auto detection.)',
+        'msg.full_day_leave.title': 'Full-day Leave Registered',
+        'msg.full_day_leave.body': 'Today is registered as full-day leave.\nDo you still want to clock in?\n\n(All time will be banked as overtime.)',
+        'label.full_day_leave_override': 'Leave Override (Full Bank)',
+        'label.weekend_work': 'Weekend Work (Full Bank)',
+        'label.holiday_work': 'Holiday Work (Full Bank)',
+        'label.holiday_work_no_clock_out': 'Holiday Work (No fixed clock-out)',
+        'label.holiday_default': 'Holiday',
+        'label.expected_clock_out_prefix': 'Expected: ',
+        'label.total_work_hours': 'Total work: {hours:.1f}h',
+        'label.weekend_work_tag': '[Weekend Work]',
+        'label.holiday_work_tag': '[Holiday Work - {name}]',
+        'label.overtime_earned_msg': 'Overtime earned: {time} (🕐×{tokens})',
+        'label.full_earned_msg': 'Full earned: {time} (🕐×{tokens})',
+        'label.full_day_leave_today': 'Today is leave',
+        'label.full_day_leave_in_use': 'Leave in use',
+        'label.full_day_leave_format': '{type} — {memo}',
+        'label.vacation': '🌴 Leave',
+        'label.time_hours_minutes': '{hours}h {minutes}m',
+        'time_format.12h': '{hour}:{minute} {period}',
+        'break.status_in_progress': 'On break (since {time})',
+        'break.status_total_hours_minutes': 'Total break today: {hours}h {minutes}m',
+        'break.status_total_minutes': 'Total break today: {minutes}m',
+        'break.reason.lock': 'Screen lock',
+        'break.cannot_no_clock_in.title': 'Cannot Start Break',
+        'break.cannot_no_clock_in.body': 'Not clocked in.',
+        'break.cannot_already_on_break.body': 'Already on break.',
+        'break.cannot_no_record.body': 'No clock-in record found.',
+        'break.started.title': 'Break Started',
+        'break.started.body': 'Break started: {time}',
+        'break.cannot_return_no_active.body': 'No active break record found.',
+        'break.cannot_return_corrupt.body': 'Break record is corrupted.',
+        'break.cannot_return_unusable.body': 'Break record too corrupted to return.',
+        'break.return.title': 'Return',
+        'break.return.body': 'Returned: {time}\nBreak: {minutes}m',
+        'mini.open_main': 'Open main window',
+        'mini.close': 'Close mini widget',
+        'msg.clock_out_confirm.title': 'Clock-out Confirm',
+        'msg.clock_out_confirm.body': 'Clock out now?\n\nClock-out: {time}',
+        'msg.auto_overtime_confirm.title': 'Confirm Overtime Bank',
+        'msg.auto_overtime_confirm.body': 'Overtime {actual} occurred, {earned} eligible for banking.\n\nBank it?\n(No = this clock-out will not be banked)',
+        'msg.clock_out_done.title': 'Clock-out Complete',
+        'msg.clock_out_done.body': 'Clocked out!\n\n{type_info}{total_work}\n{overtime_info}',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_confirm.body': 'Cancel clock-out?\n\nClock-out time and overtime bank entries will be deleted.',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_done.title': 'Clock-out Cancelled',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_done.body': 'Clock-out cancelled.\nReturned to working state.',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_fail.title': 'Cancel Failed',
+        'msg.cancel_clock_out_fail.body': 'Clock-out record not found.',
+        'msg.error.title': 'Error',
+        'msg.error.body': 'Error while {action}:\n{error}',
+        'msg.input.title': 'Enter Time',
+        'msg.input_error.date_format': 'Invalid date format.\nCorrect format: YYYY-MM-DD (e.g. 2024-01-15)',
+        'msg.input_error.overtime_unit': 'Only 30-minute units allowed.\nExamples: 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h',
+        'msg.overtime_use.title': 'Use Overtime',
+        'msg.overtime_use_minus.title': 'Use Overtime (Negative)',
+        'msg.overtime_use.body': 'Use {minutes}m of overtime?\n\nCurrent balance: {balance}m\nNew balance: {new_balance}m',
+        'msg.overtime_use_minus.body': 'Use {minutes}m of overtime?\n\nCurrent balance: {balance}m\nNew balance: {new_balance}m (negative)\n\n⚠️ Balance will be negative.\nYou must earn overtime later to cover it.',
+        'msg.overtime_use_done.title': 'Used',
+        'msg.overtime_use_done.body': '{minutes}m used.',
+        'msg.overtime_use_fail.title': 'Use Failed',
+        'msg.overtime_input.body': 'Enter hours to use (0.5h units):\nEx) 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4',
+        'msg.leave_use.title': 'Use Leave',
+        'msg.leave_use_date.title': 'Leave Date',
+        'msg.leave_use_date.body': 'Enter date (YYYY-MM-DD):',
+        'msg.leave_use_reason.title': 'Leave Reason',
+        'msg.leave_use_reason.body': 'Enter reason (optional):',
+        'msg.leave_use_confirm.body': 'Use {type} {days} on {date}?\n\nBalance after: {balance_after} days',
+        'msg.leave_use_done.title': 'Used',
+        'msg.leave_use_done.body': '{type} used.',
+        'msg.leave_use_impossible.title': 'Cannot Use',
+        'msg.leave_short.title': 'Insufficient Balance',
+        'msg.leave_short.body': 'Insufficient leave balance.\nCurrent: {balance} days\nRequested: {days} days',
+        'msg.leave_short_hours.body': 'Insufficient leave balance.\nCurrent: {balance} days ({balance_hours}h)\nRequested: {days} days ({hours}h)',
+        'msg.settings_updated.title': 'Settings Updated',
+        'msg.settings_updated.body': 'Settings changes applied.',
+        'msg.meal_need_clock_in.title': 'Clock-in Required',
+        'msg.meal_need_clock_in.body': 'Meal times can only be recorded after clocking in.',
+        'msg.meal_recorded.title': 'Recorded',
+        'msg.meal_recorded.body': '{meal} {minutes}m recorded.\n({start} ~ {end})',
+        'msg.meal_actual_input': 'Enter actual {meal} time...',
+        'msg.workday_boundary.title': 'Workday Boundary Crossed',
+        'msg.workday_boundary.body': 'Workday boundary ({hour}:00) passed; auto-processed.\n\nPrevious day: clocked out at {before}\nToday: clocked in at {boundary}\n\nWork between midnight and {hour}:00 is counted as previous day overtime.',
+        'msg.new_workday.title': 'New Workday',
+        'msg.new_workday.body': 'New workday ({date}).\n\nClock in?',
+        'msg.clock_in_set.title': 'Set Clock-in',
+        'msg.clock_in_set.body': 'Clock-in time set.\n\nClock-in: {time}',
+        'leave.type.annual': 'Annual Leave',
+        'leave.type.sick': 'Sick Leave',
+        'leave.type.hourly_leave': 'Hourly Leave',
+        'leave.use.full_day': '1 day',
+        'leave.use.half_day': '0.5 day (4h)',
+        'leave.use.hour_1': '0.125 day (1h)',
+        'leave.use.min_30': '0.0625 day (30m)',
+        'leave.use.custom': '{days} days ({hours}h)',
+        'leave.type.half_am': 'AM Half-day',
+        'leave.type.half_pm': 'PM Half-day',
+        'leave.type.time_off': 'Time Off',
+        'leave.type.half': 'Half-day',
+        'leave.type.quarter': 'Quarter-day',
+        'report.leave_used': '🌴 Leave used: {value}',
+        'report.leave_used_days_hours': '{days}d {hours}h',
+        'report.leave_used_days': '{days}d',
+        'report.leave_used_hours': '{hours}h',
+        'report.leave_detail': '  - {type}: {time}{memo}',
+        'report.title': '📋 Daily Work Report - {date}',
+        'report.clock_in': '🕐 Clock-in: {time}',
+        'report.clock_out': '🕐 Clock-out: {time}',
+        'report.not_clocked_out': '🕐 Clock-out: not yet',
+        'report.total_work': '⏱️  Total work: {time}',
+        'report.break_time': '🚶 Break: {time}',
+        'report.break_detail': '  - {start} ~ {end} ({duration}m){reason}',
+        'report.break_in_progress': '  - {start} ~ on break{reason}',
+        'report.meal_actual': '{label}: {time} (actual)',
+        'report.meal_in_progress': '  - {start} ~ in progress',
+        'report.meal_default': '{label}: included ({time})',
+        'report.memo': '📝 Memo: {memo}',
+        'report.copied.title': 'Report Copied',
+        'report.copied.body': 'Daily work report copied to clipboard.\n\n{report}',
+        'label.lunch': '🍱 Lunch',
+        'label.lunch_short': 'Lunch',
+        'label.dinner': '🍽️ Dinner',
+        'label.dinner_short': 'Dinner',
+        'label.overtime_balance_zero': '0m (×0)',
+        'label.leave_balance_zero': 'Balance: 0 days',
+        'label.today_estimate': 'Today est.: {amount}',
+        'label.in_progress': 'in progress',
+        'label.break_returning': 'on break',
+        'label.meal_actual_suffix': 'actual',
+        'label.meal_included': 'included',
+        'report.overtime_occurred': '⏰ Overtime occurred: {time}',
+        'report.overtime_banked': '   💰 Banked: {time} (30-min trunc)',
+        'report.overtime_used': '🕐 Overtime used: {time}',
+        'report.overtime_used_detail': '  - {time}{reason}',
+        'update.new_version_title': 'New Version Found',
+        'update.apply_failed_title': 'Update Failed',
+        'update.check_title': 'Update Check',
+        'update.up_to_date': 'You are on the latest version (v{version}).',
+        'update.network_error': 'Cannot connect to update server.\nPlease check your network.',
+        'update.no_release': 'No release found in update repository.\n(Private repo or before first release)',
+        'update.no_asset': 'New version exists but no downloadable main.exe asset.\nContact administrator.',
+        'update.unknown': 'Unknown response.',
+        'update.new_found_dev': 'New version {version} available.\n(Auto update not available in development — git pull or build)',
+        'update.new_found': 'Current: v{current}\nNew: v{new}\n\nRelease notes:\n{notes}\n\nDownload and update now?',
+        'update.downloading': 'Downloading...',
+        'update.download_title': 'Update Download',
+        'update.download_failed': 'Failed to download new version.',
+        'update.updater_failed': 'updater.exe not found or failed to run.',
+        'update.restart': 'Program will restart to apply update.',
+        'settings.title': 'Settings',
+        'settings.work_pattern': 'Work pattern:',
+        'settings.preset.standard_8h': 'Standard 8h (Lunch 60min)',
+        'settings.preset.short_7h30m': 'Reduced 7h 30m (Lunch 30min)',
+        'settings.preset.short_7h': 'Reduced 7h (Lunch 60min)',
+        'settings.preset.short_6h': 'Reduced 6h (Lunch 30min)',
+        'settings.preset.half_4h': 'Half-day 4h (No lunch)',
+        'settings.preset.custom': 'Custom',
+        'settings.daily_work': 'Daily work:',
+        'settings.lunch_default': 'Lunch break:',
+        'settings.dinner_default': 'Dinner break:',
+        'settings.auto_apply': 'Auto apply',
+        'settings.auto_apply_tooltip': 'Auto-apply 4 hours after clock-in',
+        'settings.suffix_hour': ' h',
+        'settings.suffix_minute': ' min',
+        'settings.notif_clock_out': 'Clock-out 30-min reminder',
+        'settings.notif_lunch': 'Lunch reminder',
+        'settings.notif_dinner': 'Dinner reminder',
+        'settings.notif_overtime': 'Overtime bank reminder',
+        'settings.notif_health': 'Health warning',
+        'settings.notif_break': 'Break reminder',
+        'settings.notif_break_tooltip': 'Suggest stretching after long continuous work',
+        'settings.notif_before': 'Clock-out alert:',
+        'settings.notif_before_spin_suffix': 'min before',
+        'settings.notif_before_tooltip': 'Minutes before clock-out to show alert',
+        'settings.advanced_thresholds': 'Advanced thresholds',
+        'settings.advanced_thresholds_tooltip': 'Adjust alert thresholds',
+        'settings.lunch_alert_after': 'Lunch alert (clock-in +):',
+        'settings.lunch_alert_tooltip': 'Hours after clock-in to remind lunch',
+        'settings.dinner_alert_after': 'Dinner alert (clock-in +):',
+        'settings.dinner_alert_tooltip': 'Hours after clock-in to remind dinner',
+        'settings.overtime_alert_at': 'Overtime balance alert:',
+        'settings.overtime_alert_tooltip': 'Alert when overtime balance reaches N hours',
+        'settings.weekly_limit': 'Weekly limit warning:',
+        'settings.weekly_limit_tooltip': 'Warn when weekly work exceeds N hours',
+        'settings.consecutive_ot': 'Consecutive OT warning:',
+        'settings.consecutive_ot_tooltip': 'Health warning after N consecutive OT days',
+        'settings.break_after': 'Break suggestion:',
+        'settings.break_after_tooltip': 'Suggest break after N hours',
+        'settings.time_format': 'Time format:',
+        'settings.time_format_12': 'AM/PM (5:30 PM)',
+        'settings.time_format_24': '24-hour (17:30)',
+        'settings.theme': 'Theme:',
+        'settings.theme_light': 'Light',
+        'settings.theme_dark': 'Dark',
+        'settings.font_scale': 'Font scale:',
+        'settings.high_contrast': 'High contrast mode',
+        'settings.high_contrast_tooltip': 'Black background + yellow text',
+        'settings.language_restart_tooltip': 'Language changes fully apply after restart.',
+        'settings.current_balance': 'Current balance: calculating...',
+        'settings.calc_unit': 'Calculation unit:',
+        'settings.initial_overtime': 'Previous overtime:',
+        'settings.auto_bank': 'Auto bank',
+        'settings.auto_bank_tooltip': 'Bank overtime on clock-out',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_note': '※ Overtime accumulated before using this program (absolute value)',
+        'settings.goal_group': 'Monthly goals (0=disabled)',
+        'settings.monthly_ot_cap': 'Monthly OT cap:',
+        'settings.daily_avg_goal': 'Daily avg goal:',
+        'settings.goal_note': '※ Check progress in Stats → Monthly tab',
+        'settings.annual_leave': 'Annual leave:',
+        'settings.remaining_leave': 'Remaining leave: calculating...',
+        'settings.used_leave': 'Previously used:',
+        'settings.used_leave_note': '※ Leave already used before this program (1 day = 8h)',
+        'settings.registered': 'Registered:',
+        'settings.add_korean_holidays': 'Korean holidays (auto)',
+        'settings.add_korean_holidays_tooltip': 'Auto-register lunar holidays + temporary holidays',
+        'settings.holiday_note': '※ All work on holidays is banked as overtime',
+        'settings.list': 'List',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_title': 'Korean holidays added',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_years_label': '{start} + {end}',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_years_label_single': '{year}',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_body': 'Auto-register Korean holidays for {years}?\n\nIncludes:\n• Solar holidays (New Year, Independence, Children\'s, Labor Day, etc.)\n• Lunar holidays (Seollal, Chuseok, Buddha\'s Birthday)\n• Government-designated substitute/temporary holidays\n\n※ Primary: Public Data Portal special-day API\n※ Fallback: \'holidays\' package (offline)',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_added': '{count} Korean holidays added for {year}.',
+        'settings.korean_holidays_included': 'Includes:\n',
+        'settings.package_not_installed': 'Package not installed',
+        'settings.package_fallback_body': '\'holidays\' package not installed; only fixed holidays were added.\n\n{hint}  pip install holidays',
+        'settings.package_install_hint': 'For lunar/temp holidays auto-register:\n',
+        'settings.add_done': 'Added',
+        'settings.holiday_added': 'Holiday added.\n{date}: {name}',
+        'settings.holiday_add_title': 'Add Holiday',
+        'settings.holiday_date_prompt': 'Enter holiday date (YYYY-MM-DD):',
+        'settings.holiday_name_prompt': 'Enter holiday name:',
+        'settings.holiday_list_title': 'Holiday List',
+        'settings.holiday_list_header': '=== Holidays for {year} ===\n\n',
+        'settings.holiday_list_item': '• {date} ({weekday}): {name}{recurring}',
+        'settings.holiday_total': 'Total: {count}',
+        'settings.holiday_delete_confirm': '\n\nDelete a holiday?',
+        'settings.holiday_delete_title': 'Delete Holiday',
+        'settings.holiday_delete_prompt': 'Select holiday to delete:',
+        'settings.delete_done': 'Deleted',
+        'settings.holiday_deleted': '{item} deleted.',
+        'settings.export_csv': 'CSV Export',
+        'settings.export_work': 'Work records',
+        'settings.export_overtime': 'Overtime',
+        'settings.export_monthly': 'Monthly summary',
+        'settings.import_csv': 'CSV Import',
+        'settings.import_tooltip': 'Header format: date,clock_in,clock_out,lunch_minutes,memo',
+        'settings.import_format': 'Standard format (header: date,clock_in,clock_out,lunch_minutes,memo)',
+        'settings.db_path_label': 'DB path:',
+        'settings.change': 'Change...',
+        'settings.db_path_tooltip': 'Change to cloud folder path. Restart required.',
+        'settings.auto_break_lock_tooltip': 'Auto start/end break on PC lock/unlock.',
+        'settings.gitea_feedback_label': 'Gitea feedback:',
+        'settings.gitea_token_placeholder': 'PAT (issue write permission, optional)',
+        'settings.clock_in_unlock_tooltip': 'For users who do not shut down PC — record screen unlock as clock-in.',
+        'settings.auto_break_lock': 'Auto break on screen lock',
+        'settings.gitea_feedback_tooltip': "Enable 'Report on Gitea' button on errors",
+        'settings.clock_in_unlock': 'Use first unlock as clock-in',
+        'settings.version': 'Version: v{version}',
+        'settings.check_update': 'Check update (F5)',
+        'settings.select_db': 'Select database file',
+        'settings.db_path_saved': 'New path saved:\n{path}\n\nCopy current database.db to new location and restart.',
+        'settings.parse_failed': 'Parse failed',
+        'settings.empty_file': 'Empty file',
+        'settings.empty_file_body': 'No valid rows.',
+        'settings.conflict_title': 'Conflict handling',
+        'settings.conflict_body': 'How to handle conflicts with existing dates?\n',
+        'settings.conflict_body_detailed': 'How to handle conflicts with existing dates?\nYes = Overwrite\nNo = Skip\nCancel = Cancel',
+        'settings.import_rows_intro': '{count} rows will be imported.\n\n',
+        'settings.import_failed': 'Import failed',
+        'settings.import_result': 'Import result:\n• Added: {added}\n• Updated: {updated}\n• Skipped: {skipped}',
+        'settings.import_complete': 'Complete',
+        'settings.save_done': 'Saved',
+        'settings.save_done_body': 'Settings saved.',
+        'settings.restart_title': 'Restart',
+        'settings.restart_body': 'Main screen applies immediately. Some dialogs require restart.\nRestart now?\n\n',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_title': 'Set previous overtime',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_body': 'Current: {old_hours}h {old_mins}m\nNew: {hours}h {mins}m\n\nChange previous overtime?',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_done': 'Set',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_done_body': 'Previous overtime set to {hours}h {mins}m.',
+        'settings.initial_overtime_error': 'Error setting previous overtime:\n{error}',
+        'settings.current_overtime_balance': 'Current balance: {hours}h {minutes}m ({balance}m)',
+        'settings.remaining_leave_fmt': 'Remaining: {remaining:.1f} days ({used} of {total} used)',
+        'settings.holiday_count': '{count} ({year})',
+        'settings.error': 'Error',
+        'settings.export_no_records': 'No records to export.',
+        'settings.save_work_title': 'Save work records',
+        'settings.export_done': 'Export complete',
+        'settings.work_exported': 'Work records saved.\n{path}',
+        'settings.save_ot_title': 'Save overtime records',
+        'settings.ot_exported': 'Overtime records saved.\n{path}',
+        'settings.save_monthly_title': 'Save monthly summary',
+        'settings.monthly_exported': 'Monthly summary saved.\n{path}',
+        'settings.export_failed': 'Export failed',
+        'settings.export_error': 'Error: {error}',
+        'settings.initial_leave_title': 'Set previous leave',
+        'settings.initial_leave_body': 'Current: {old_hours}h {old_mins}m\nNew: {hours}h {mins}m\n\nChange previous leave?',
+        'settings.initial_leave_done': 'Saved',
+        'settings.initial_leave_done_body': 'Previous leave set to {hours}h {mins}m.',
+        'date_format.full': '{year}-{month}-{day} ({weekday})',
+    
+        'achieve.cat_ambition': 'Ambition',
+        'achieve.cat_balance': 'Work-Life Balance',
+        'achieve.cat_break_use': 'Break',
+        'achieve.cat_health': 'Health',
+        'achieve.cat_korea': 'Korean Culture',
+        'achieve.cat_leave': 'Leave',
+        'achieve.cat_meal': 'Meal',
+        'achieve.cat_meta': 'Meta',
+        'achieve.cat_milestone': 'Milestone',
+        'achieve.cat_ot_bank': 'Overtime Bank',
+        'achieve.cat_ot_use': 'Overtime Use',
+        'achieve.cat_pattern': 'Pattern',
+        'achieve.cat_punctual': 'Punctual',
+        'achieve.cat_season': 'Season',
+        'achieve.cat_secret': 'Secret',
+        'achieve.cat_settings': 'Settings',
+        'achieve.cat_special_day': 'Special Day',
+        'achieve.cat_stats': 'Stats',
+        'achieve.cat_streak': 'Streak',
+        'achieve.cat_time_slot': 'Time Slot',
+        'achieve.completion_rate': 'Completion',
+        'achieve.earned_date': '  ✓ Earned {date}  ',
+        'achieve.empty': '(None yet)',
+        'achieve.secret_locked': '🔒 Revealed when achieved',
+        'achieve.tab_all': '🌐 All · {count}',
+        'achieve.tab_completed': '✓ Completed · {count}',
+        'achieve.tab_in_progress': '⚡ In Progress · {count}',
+        'achieve.tab_secret': '🌑 Secret · {earned}/{total}',
+        'achieve.tier_bronze': 'Bronze',
+        'achieve.tier_gold': 'Gold',
+        'achieve.tier_legend': 'Legend',
+        'achieve.tier_platinum': 'Platinum',
+        'achieve.tier_silver': 'Silver',
+        'achieve.title': 'Achievements',
+        'cal.add_done_body': 'Record added for {date}.',
+        'cal.add_done_title': 'Added',
+        'cal.add_error_body': 'Failed to add record: {error}',
+        'cal.add_error_title': 'Error',
+        'cal.btn_minus_30': '-30m',
+        'cal.btn_plus_30': '+30m',
+        'cal.check_dinner_1h': 'Dinner (1h)',
+        'cal.check_lunch_1h': 'Lunch (1h)',
+        'cal.context_add': 'Add record {date}',
+        'cal.context_delete': 'Delete {date}',
+        'cal.context_edit': 'Edit {date}',
+        'cal.delete_confirm_body': 'Really delete {date} record?\n(Overtime bank entries will also be deleted)',
+        'cal.delete_confirm_title': 'Confirm Delete',
+        'cal.delete_done_body': '{date} record deleted.',
+        'cal.delete_done_title': 'Deleted',
+        'cal.delete_record': 'Delete Record',
+        'cal.delete_selected_body': 'Delete clock-in record for {date}?\n\n※ Related overtime bank/usage entries will also be deleted.\n※ This cannot be undone.',
+        'cal.delete_selected_title': 'Delete Clock-in Record',
+        'cal.detail_clock_in': 'Clock-in: {time}',
+        'cal.detail_clock_out': 'Clock-out: {time}',
+        'cal.detail_clock_out_none': 'Clock-out: not recorded',
+        'cal.detail_date_fmt': '{year}-{month}-{day}',
+        'cal.detail_dinner_unused': 'Dinner: not used',
+        'cal.detail_dinner_used': 'Dinner: used',
+        'cal.detail_group_title': 'Selected Date Info',
+        'cal.detail_lunch_unused': 'Lunch: not used',
+        'cal.detail_lunch_used': 'Lunch: used',
+        'cal.detail_memo': 'Memo: {memo}',
+        'cal.detail_overtime_earned': '🔥 Overtime earned: {hours}h {minutes}m',
+        'cal.detail_total_hours': 'Total work: {hours:.1f}h',
+        'cal.dialog_title': 'Monthly Work Records',
+        'cal.edit_dialog_subtitle': 'Edit clock-in/out for {date}',
+        'cal.edit_dialog_title': 'Edit Clock-in/out Time',
+        'cal.edit_done_body': 'Clock-in/out updated for {date}.\n\nClock-in: {clock_in}\nClock-out: {clock_out}\nLunch: {lunch}\nDinner: {dinner}\nBreak: {break_minutes}m\nTotal work: {total_hours:.1f}h\nOvertime: {overtime_earned}m banked',
+        'cal.edit_done_title': 'Updated',
+        'cal.edit_error_body': 'Error while updating:\n{error}',
+        'cal.edit_error_title': 'Error',
+        'cal.edit_note': '※ Overtime will be recalculated.',
+        'cal.edit_time': 'Edit Time',
+        'cal.label_clock_in': 'Clock-in:',
+        'cal.label_clock_out': 'Clock-out:',
+        'cal.legend_leave': 'Leave',
+        'cal.legend_none': 'None',
+        'cal.legend_normal': 'Normal',
+        'cal.legend_overtime': 'Overtime',
+        'cal.memo_group': 'Memo',
+        'cal.memo_placeholder': 'Overtime reason, notes...',
+        'cal.no_record': 'No record.',
+        'cal.save_memo': 'Save Memo',
+        'cal.save_memo_body': 'Memo saved for {date}.',
+        'cal.save_memo_title': 'Save Memo',
+        'cal.time_error_body': 'Clock-out must be later than clock-in.',
+        'cal.time_error_title': 'Time Error',
+        'clock_in_dialog.cancelled': 'Cancelled',
+        'clock_in_dialog.selected': 'Selected time: {time}',
+        'field.avg_daily_value': '{hours:.1f}h',
+        'field.overtime_value': '{hours}h {minutes}m',
+        'field.total_work_value': '{hours:.1f}h ({days} days)',
+        'goal.avg_daily': 'Daily Avg:',
+        'goal.overtime': 'Overtime:',
+        'goal.title': 'Monthly Goals',
+        'help.onboarding_button': 'Re-run Onboarding',
+        'leave_cal.detail_label': '{type} {days} days',
+        'leave_cal.detail_memo': '{type} {days} days ({memo})',
+        'leave_cal.detail_no_record': '{date} — No leave usage',
+        'leave_cal.header': 'Remaining {balance:.2f}d / Total {total:.0f}d (Used {used:.2f}d)',
+        'leave_cal.legend_full': 'Full (1.0)',
+        'leave_cal.legend_full_planned': 'Full+Planned',
+        'leave_cal.legend_half': 'Half (0.5)',
+        'leave_cal.legend_planned': 'Planned',
+        'leave_cal.legend_quarter': 'Quarter (0.25)',
+        'leave_cal.title': 'Leave Calendar',
+        'meal.dialog_title': 'Enter {meal} Time',
+        'meal.error_after_clock_out': 'After clock-out ({time})',
+        'meal.error_before_clock_in': 'Before clock-in ({time})',
+        'meal.error_start_after_end': 'Start is later than end',
+        'meal.error_too_long': 'Meal time exceeds 8 hours',
+        'meal.info_clock_in_limit': '\nMust be after clock-in ({time}).',
+        'meal.info_text': 'Enter {meal} start and end times.\nThis records the exact time instead of the default {minutes} minutes.',
+        'meal.input_error_title': 'Input Error',
+        'meal.label_end': 'End:',
+        'meal.label_start': 'Start:',
+        'meal.preview_total': 'Total {minutes} min',
+        'mini.close': 'Close mini widget',
+        'mini.open_main': 'Open main window',
+        'onboarding.detection_boot': 'PC boot time (default — if you shut down daily)',
+        'onboarding.detection_info': '\nRecommended for users who leave their PC running.',
+        'onboarding.detection_manual': 'Manual only (no auto detection)',
+        'onboarding.detection_subtitle': 'Choose how the app detects your clock-in time.',
+        'onboarding.detection_title': 'Clock-in Detection',
+        'onboarding.detection_unlock': 'First screen unlock (if you leave PC on)',
+        'onboarding.discord_enable': 'Use Discord webhook notifications',
+        'onboarding.discord_failed': 'Failed',
+        'onboarding.discord_failed_body': 'Send failed. Please check the URL.',
+        'onboarding.discord_guide': 'Setup:\n1. In Discord, right-click channel → Integrations → Webhooks\n2. New Webhook → Copy URL\n3. Paste it above',
+        'onboarding.discord_subtitle': 'Enter a webhook URL to receive clock-in/out and break reminders on Discord. (Mobile push)',
+        'onboarding.discord_success': 'Success',
+        'onboarding.discord_success_body': 'Check the Discord channel for the test message.',
+        'onboarding.discord_test': 'Send test message',
+        'onboarding.discord_title': 'Discord Notifications (Optional)',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_invalid_body': 'Not a valid Discord webhook URL.\nExample: https://discord.com/api/webhooks/{ID}/{TOKEN}',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_invalid_title': 'Invalid URL',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_placeholder': 'https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_required_body': 'Please enter a webhook URL first.',
+        'onboarding.discord_url_required_title': 'URL Required',
+        'onboarding.finish_msg': 'You can change these settings anytime in [Settings].\nTo re-run onboarding, use [Help → Re-run Onboarding].\n\nShortcuts:\n  • Ctrl+O — Toggle clock-in/out\n  • F1 — Help\n  • F5 — Check update\n  • Ctrl+, — Settings',
+        'onboarding.finish_subtitle': 'Your clock-in will now be tracked automatically.',
+        'onboarding.finish_title': 'Ready!',
+        'onboarding.hourly_wage': 'Hourly wage:',
+        'onboarding.input_error_title': 'Input Error',
+        'onboarding.leave_group': 'Annual Leave',
+        'onboarding.leave_salary_subtitle': 'Enter annual leave days and optional salary info.',
+        'onboarding.leave_salary_title': 'Leave + Salary (Optional)',
+        'onboarding.my_leave': 'My leave:',
+        'onboarding.overtime_rate': 'Overtime rate:',
+        'onboarding.rate_1_5x': '1.5x (Korean labor law default)',
+        'onboarding.rate_1x': '1.0x (no premium)',
+        'onboarding.rate_2x': '2.0x (night/holiday premium)',
+        'onboarding.salary_enabled': 'Enable salary estimate',
+        'onboarding.salary_group': 'Salary Estimate (Optional — disable if flat rate)',
+        'onboarding.wage_suffix': ' KRW/h',
+        'onboarding.welcome_intro': 'This app:\n• Auto-detects clock-in from boot/unlock\n• Banks overtime in 30-min units\n• Tracks annual/half-day leave and breaks\n• Counts down to clock-out every second\n\nPress [Next] to start.',
+        'onboarding.welcome_subtitle': "First time using Clock-out Time Calculator? Let's set it up in 5 steps.",
+        'onboarding.welcome_title': 'Welcome!',
+        'onboarding.window_title': 'Clock-out Calculator — Setup',
+        'onboarding.work_min_too_small': 'Daily work must be at least 30 minutes.',
+        'onboarding.work_pattern_subtitle': 'Choose your daily work hours. You can change this later in Settings.',
+        'onboarding.work_pattern_title': 'Work Pattern',
+        'past_record.check_clock_out': 'Enter',
+        'past_record.check_dinner': 'Include dinner',
+        'past_record.check_lunch': 'Include lunch',
+        'past_record.dialog_title': 'Add Record — {date}',
+        'past_record.info': 'Enter work record for {date}.',
+        'past_record.input_error_body': 'Clock-out must be later than clock-in.',
+        'past_record.input_error_title': 'Input Error',
+        'past_record.label_clock_in': 'Clock-in:',
+        'past_record.label_clock_out': 'Clock-out:',
+        'past_record.label_memo': 'Memo (optional):',
+        'past_record.memo_placeholder': 'e.g. remote work / business trip / leave',
+        'recurring.add_done_body': 'Recurring pattern registered.\n{pattern}',
+        'recurring.add_done_title': 'Added',
+        'recurring.add_group': 'Add New Pattern',
+        'recurring.biweekly': 'Biweekly',
+        'recurring.btn_add': 'Add',
+        'recurring.btn_delete_selected': 'Delete Selected',
+        'recurring.day_suffix': '',
+        'recurring.deduction_full': '1.0 day (full)',
+        'recurring.deduction_half': '0.5 day (half)',
+        'recurring.deduction_quarter': '0.25 day (quarter)',
+        'recurring.delete_confirm_body': 'Delete this recurring pattern?\n\n{item}',
+        'recurring.delete_confirm_title': 'Confirm Delete',
+        'recurring.input_error_title': 'Input Error',
+        'recurring.input_error_weekday': 'Select at least one weekday.',
+        'recurring.label_cycle': 'Cycle:',
+        'recurring.label_deduction': 'Deduct:',
+        'recurring.label_end': 'End:',
+        'recurring.label_memo': 'Memo:',
+        'recurring.label_monthly_day': 'Day:',
+        'recurring.label_start': 'Start:',
+        'recurring.label_weekday': 'Weekday:',
+        'recurring.list_group': 'Registered Recurring Patterns',
+        'recurring.memo_placeholder': 'e.g. childcare reduced hours',
+        'recurring.monthly': 'Monthly Nth day',
+        'recurring.no_end': 'No end (indefinite)',
+        'recurring.title': 'Recurring Leave Management',
+        'recurring.pattern_weekly': '{prefix} {weekdays}',
+        'recurring.pattern_monthly': 'Monthly {day}',
+        'recurring.weekly': 'Weekly',
+        'schedule.btn_add_leave': 'Register Leave',
+        'schedule.btn_recurring': 'Manage Recurring Patterns',
+        'schedule.delete': 'Delete',
+        'schedule.delete_leave_confirm_body': 'Delete this leave record? (Balance will be restored automatically.)',
+        'schedule.delete_leave_confirm_title': 'Confirm Delete',
+        'schedule.delete_recurring_confirm_body': 'Delete this recurring pattern? (Removes all future instances)',
+        'schedule.delete_recurring_confirm_title': 'Confirm Delete',
+        'schedule.detail_placeholder': 'Select a date',
+        'schedule.header': 'Monthly Schedule — Holidays + Leave + Recurring Patterns',
+        'schedule.holiday': 'Holiday: {name}',
+        'schedule.leave_label': '{type} {days} days',
+        'schedule.recurring_item': '{pattern} · {days}d ({type})',
+        'schedule.legend_half': 'Half/Quarter Day',
+        'schedule.legend_holiday': 'Holiday',
+        'schedule.legend_leave_planned': 'Leave Planned',
+        'schedule.legend_leave_used': 'Leave Used',
+        'schedule.legend_recurring': 'Recurring Pattern',
+        'schedule.no_events': 'No events',
+        'schedule.title': 'Schedule',
+        'schedule.weekend': 'Weekend ({weekday})',
+        'schedule.weekday_suffix': '',
+        'today.detail_break': 'Break {minutes}m',
+        'today.detail_dinner': 'Dinner {minutes}m',
+        'today.detail_lunch': 'Lunch {minutes}m',
+        'today.detail_overtime': 'Overtime {actual}m → banked {earned}m',
+        'today.title': "Today's Summary",
+        'today.total_work': 'Total work: {hours}h {minutes}m',
+        'view.leave.btn_schedule': 'Schedule',
+        'view.leave.duplicate_register_body': '{date} already has {existing_days:.2f} days registered.\nAdding {days:.2f} more days would exceed 1 day.',
+        'view.leave.duplicate_register_title': 'Duplicate Exceeds Limit',
+        'view.leave.holiday_register_forbidden_body': '{date} is already a holiday ({name}).\nNo need to deduct leave.',
+        'view.leave.holiday_register_forbidden_title': 'Cannot Register on Holiday',
+        'view.leave.schedule_tooltip': 'Unified view of holidays + leave + recurring patterns',
+        'view.leave.used_1day': '1 day',
+        'view.leave.used_half_day': '0.5 day (4h)',
+        'view.leave.used_hours_fmt': '{days} days ({hours}h)',
+        'view.leave.used_days_fmt': '{days} days',
+        'view.leave.weekend_register_forbidden_body': 'Leave cannot be registered on weekends. (Already non-working day)',
+        'view.leave.weekend_register_forbidden_title': 'Cannot Register on Weekend',
+        # === Achievements ===
+        'achieve.streak_first.name': 'First Step',
+        'achieve.streak_first.desc': 'First clock-in record.',
+        'achieve.streak_3.name': 'Taking Root',
+        'achieve.streak_3.desc': '3 consecutive business days clocked in.',
+        'achieve.streak_5.name': 'First Week Clear',
+        'achieve.streak_5.desc': '5 consecutive business days clocked in.',
+        'achieve.streak_7_cal.name': '7 Days Straight',
+        'achieve.streak_7_cal.desc': '7 consecutive calendar days clocked in, weekends included.',
+        'achieve.streak_10.name': 'Two Weeks Running',
+        'achieve.streak_10.desc': '10 consecutive business days clocked in.',
+        'achieve.streak_22.name': 'Monthly Perfect Attendance',
+        'achieve.streak_22.desc': '100% business-day attendance for one month (22 days).',
+        'achieve.streak_50.name': '50-Day Streak',
+        'achieve.streak_50.desc': '50 consecutive business days clocked in.',
+        'achieve.streak_100.name': '100-Day Streak',
+        'achieve.streak_100.desc': '100 consecutive business days clocked in.',
+        'achieve.streak_quarter.name': 'Quarter Clear',
+        'achieve.streak_quarter.desc': 'About 65 business days (3 months).',
+        'achieve.streak_half_year.name': 'Half-Year Marathon',
+        'achieve.streak_half_year.desc': 'About 130 business days (6 months).',
+        'achieve.streak_year.name': 'Full-Year Season',
+        'achieve.streak_year.desc': 'About 260 business days (1 year).',
+        'achieve.streak_200.name': 'Science',
+        'achieve.streak_200.desc': '200 consecutive business days clocked in.',
+        'achieve.streak_365_cal.name': 'Immortal',
+        'achieve.streak_365_cal.desc': '365 consecutive calendar days clocked in.',
+        'achieve.streak_resilience.name': 'Bounce Back',
+        'achieve.streak_resilience.desc': 'Clocked in the day immediately after absence (auto: restart after calendar streak breaks).',
+        'achieve.streak_total_100.name': '100 Total Clock-ins',
+        'achieve.streak_total_100.desc': '100 total clock-ins.',
+        'achieve.streak_total_500.name': '500 Total Clock-ins',
+        'achieve.streak_total_500.desc': '500 total clock-ins.',
+        'achieve.streak_total_1000.name': '1000 Total Clock-ins',
+        'achieve.streak_total_1000.desc': '1000 total clock-ins.',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_1.name': 'Early Bird',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_1.desc': 'Clocked in before 08:00 once.',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_10.name': 'Early Bird Flock',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_10.desc': 'Clocked in before 08:00 10 times.',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_30.name': 'Early to Bed, Early to Rise',
+        'achieve.punc_before_8_30.desc': 'Clocked in before 08:00 30 times.',
+        'achieve.punc_before_6_1.name': 'No Dawn Sleep',
+        'achieve.punc_before_6_1.desc': 'Clocked in before 06:00 once.',
+        'achieve.punc_before_6_10.name': 'Cutter of Darkness',
+        'achieve.punc_before_6_10.desc': 'Clocked in before 06:00 10 times.',
+        'achieve.punc_before_5.name': 'Dawn Champion',
+        'achieve.punc_before_5.desc': 'Clocked in before 05:00.',
+        'achieve.punc_at_9.name': 'Exactly Nine',
+        'achieve.punc_at_9.desc': 'Clocked in exactly at 09:00 (±1 min) once.',
+        'achieve.punc_at_9_5.name': 'Perfect Nine',
+        'achieve.punc_at_9_5.desc': 'Clocked in exactly at 09:00 (±1 min) 5 times.',
+        'achieve.punc_late_5min.name': '5 Minutes Late',
+        'achieve.punc_late_5min.desc': 'Clocked in at 09:00–09:05 once (self-deprecating).',
+        'achieve.punc_at_909.name': 'Fateful Moment',
+        'achieve.punc_at_909.desc': 'Clocked in at 09:09 (secret).',
+        'achieve.bal_first_punct.name': 'First On-Time Leave',
+        'achieve.bal_first_punct.desc': 'First on-time clock-out.',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_10.name': 'Clock-outer',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_10.desc': 'On-time clock-out 10 times.',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_30.name': 'On-Time Champ',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_30.desc': 'On-time clock-out 30 times.',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_100.name': 'True Freedom',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_100.desc': 'On-time clock-out 100 times.',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_300.name': 'Work-Life Master',
+        'achieve.bal_punct_300.desc': 'On-time clock-out 300 times.',
+        'achieve.ot_first_30m.name': 'First 30 Minutes',
+        'achieve.ot_first_30m.desc': 'First overtime banked.',
+        'achieve.ot_total_60m.name': '1-Hour Savings',
+        'achieve.ot_total_60m.desc': '1 hour banked in total.',
+        'achieve.ot_total_5h.name': '5 Hours Banked',
+        'achieve.ot_total_5h.desc': '5 hours banked in total.',
+        'achieve.ot_total_10h.name': '10 Hours Banked',
+        'achieve.ot_total_10h.desc': '10 hours banked in total.',
+        'achieve.ot_total_25h.name': '25 Hours Banked',
+        'achieve.ot_total_25h.desc': '25 hours banked in total.',
+        'achieve.ot_total_50h.name': '50 Hours Banked',
+        'achieve.ot_total_50h.desc': '50 hours banked in total.',
+        'achieve.ot_total_100h.name': 'Marathoner',
+        'achieve.ot_total_100h.desc': '100 hours banked in total (concerned message).',
+        'achieve.ot_total_200h.name': 'Workaholic Warning',
+        'achieve.ot_total_200h.desc': '200 hours banked in total (warning).',
+        'achieve.ot_total_300h.name': 'Danger Signal',
+        'achieve.ot_total_300h.desc': '300 hours banked in total (strong warning).',
+        'achieve.ot_total_500h.name': 'ER Regular',
+        'achieve.ot_total_500h.desc': '500 hours banked in total (self-deprecating).',
+        'achieve.use_first.name': 'First Break',
+        'achieve.use_first.desc': 'First time using banked time.',
+        'achieve.use_total_5h.name': 'Using the Gift',
+        'achieve.use_total_5h.desc': '5 hours used in total.',
+        'achieve.use_total_25h.name': 'Value of Rest',
+        'achieve.use_total_25h.desc': '25 hours used in total.',
+        'achieve.use_total_50h.name': 'Recovery Master',
+        'achieve.use_total_50h.desc': '50 hours used in total.',
+        'achieve.use_total_100h.name': 'Massage',
+        'achieve.use_total_100h.desc': '100 hours used in total.',
+        'achieve.leave_first.name': 'First Leave',
+        'achieve.leave_first.desc': 'First leave usage.',
+        'achieve.leave_half.name': 'First Half-Day',
+        'achieve.leave_half.desc': '0.5-day leave used.',
+        'achieve.leave_quarter.name': 'Hourly Leave',
+        'achieve.leave_quarter.desc': '0.25-day leave used.',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_3.name': 'Mini Vacation',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_3.desc': '3 consecutive days of leave.',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_5.name': 'Serious Vacation',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_5.desc': '5 consecutive days of leave.',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_7.name': 'Long-Distance Vacation',
+        'achieve.leave_streak_7.desc': '7 or more consecutive days of leave.',
+        'achieve.leave_total_10.name': 'Leave x10',
+        'achieve.leave_total_10.desc': '10 leave records.',
+        'achieve.leave_sick.name': 'Sick Leave',
+        'achieve.leave_sick.desc': 'Sick-type leave used.',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_first.name': 'First Lunch Entry',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_first.desc': 'First lunch toggle.',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_30.name': 'Lunch Master',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_30.desc': 'Lunch toggled 30 times.',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_100.name': 'Lunch Champ',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_100.desc': 'Lunch toggled 100 times.',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_first.name': 'First Dinner Entry',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_first.desc': 'First dinner toggle.',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_10.name': 'Dinner Regular',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_10.desc': 'Dinner toggled 10 times (warning).',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_30.name': 'Late-Night Regular',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_30.desc': 'Dinner toggled 30 times (warning).',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_actual.name': 'Measured Lunch',
+        'achieve.meal_lunch_actual.desc': 'Entered actual lunch time.',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_actual.name': 'Measured Dinner',
+        'achieve.meal_dinner_actual.desc': 'Entered actual dinner time.',
+        'achieve.break_first.name': 'First Break',
+        'achieve.break_first.desc': 'First break started.',
+        'achieve.break_10.name': 'Break Champ',
+        'achieve.break_10.desc': '10 breaks.',
+        'achieve.break_50.name': 'Walker',
+        'achieve.break_50.desc': '50 breaks.',
+        'achieve.slot_in_06.name': '06:00 Clock-in',
+        'achieve.slot_in_06.desc': 'Clocked in during 06:00–06:59 once.',
+        'achieve.slot_in_07.name': '07:00 Clock-in',
+        'achieve.slot_in_07.desc': 'Clocked in during 07:00–07:59 once.',
+        'achieve.slot_in_08.name': '08:00 Clock-in',
+        'achieve.slot_in_08.desc': 'Clocked in during 08:00–08:59 once.',
+        'achieve.slot_in_10.name': '10:00 Clock-in',
+        'achieve.slot_in_10.desc': 'Clocked in during 10:00–10:59 (late / flexible).',
+        'achieve.slot_in_11.name': '11:00 Clock-in',
+        'achieve.slot_in_11.desc': 'Clocked in during 11:00–11:59 (self-deprecating).',
+        'achieve.slot_out_19.name': '19:00 Clock-out',
+        'achieve.slot_out_19.desc': 'Clocked out during 19:00–19:59 10 times (warning).',
+        'achieve.slot_out_20.name': '20:00 Clock-out',
+        'achieve.slot_out_20.desc': 'Clocked out during 20:00–20:59 10 times (warning).',
+        'achieve.slot_out_21.name': '21:00 Clock-out',
+        'achieve.slot_out_21.desc': 'Clocked out during 21:00–21:59 5 times (warning).',
+        'achieve.slot_out_22.name': '22:00 Clock-out',
+        'achieve.slot_out_22.desc': 'Clocked out during 22:00–22:59 once (warning).',
+        'achieve.slot_out_23.name': '23:00 Clock-out',
+        'achieve.slot_out_23.desc': 'Clocked out during 23:00–23:59 once (warning).',
+        'achieve.slot_midnight.name': 'Midnight Clock-out',
+        'achieve.slot_midnight.desc': 'Clocked out after midnight (warning).',
+        'achieve.slot_midnight_3.name': 'Owl Trio',
+        'achieve.slot_midnight_3.desc': 'Clocked out after midnight 3 times (warning).',
+        'achieve.weekend_1.name': 'Weekend Work Once',
+        'achieve.weekend_1.desc': 'Clocked in on a Saturday/Sunday once.',
+        'achieve.weekend_5.name': 'Weekend Worker',
+        'achieve.weekend_5.desc': 'Clocked in on weekends 5 times (warning).',
+        'achieve.weekend_20.name': 'True Workaholic',
+        'achieve.weekend_20.desc': 'Clocked in on weekends 20 times (strong self-deprecating).',
+        'achieve.holiday_1.name': 'Holiday Work',
+        'achieve.holiday_1.desc': 'Clocked in on a Korean public holiday once.',
+        'achieve.holiday_5.name': 'Holiday Workaholic',
+        'achieve.holiday_5.desc': 'Clocked in on Korean public holidays 5 times (warning).',
+        'achieve.day_christmas.name': 'Christmas at Work',
+        'achieve.day_christmas.desc': 'Clocked in on 12/25 (self-deprecating).',
+        'achieve.day_newyear.name': 'New Year at Work',
+        'achieve.day_newyear.desc': 'Clocked in on 1/1 (self-deprecating).',
+        'achieve.day_liberation.name': 'Liberation Day at Work',
+        'achieve.day_liberation.desc': 'Clocked in on 8/15 (Liberation Day).',
+        'achieve.day_children.name': "Children's Day at Work",
+        'achieve.day_children.desc': "Clocked in on 5/5 (Children's Day, self-deprecating).",
+        'achieve.day_hangul.name': 'Hangeul Day at Work',
+        'achieve.day_hangul.desc': 'Clocked in on 10/9 (Hangeul Day).',
+        'achieve.day_valentine.name': 'Valentine at Work',
+        'achieve.day_valentine.desc': 'Clocked in on 2/14.',
+        'achieve.day_white.name': 'White Day at Work',
+        'achieve.day_white.desc': 'Clocked in on 3/14.',
+        'achieve.day_pepero.name': 'Pepero Day',
+        'achieve.day_pepero.desc': 'Clocked in on 11/11 (Pepero Day).',
+        'achieve.day_halloween.name': 'Halloween at Work',
+        'achieve.day_halloween.desc': 'Clocked in on 10/31.',
+        'achieve.day_aprilfools.name': 'April Fools at Work',
+        'achieve.day_aprilfools.desc': 'Clocked in on 4/1.',
+        'achieve.day_77.name': 'Chilseok (July 7)',
+        'achieve.day_77.desc': 'Clocked in on 7/7 (Chilseok).',
+        'achieve.day_dongji.name': 'Dongji at Work',
+        'achieve.day_dongji.desc': 'Clocked in on 12/22 (Dongji, winter solstice).',
+        'achieve.day_parents.name': 'Parents Day On-Time Leave',
+        'achieve.day_parents.desc': 'On-time clock-out on 5/8 (Parents Day).',
+        'achieve.day_teacher.name': "Teachers' Day On-Time Leave",
+        'achieve.day_teacher.desc': "On-time clock-out on 5/15 (Teachers' Day).",
+        'achieve.day_xmas_eve.name': 'Christmas Eve On-Time Leave',
+        'achieve.day_xmas_eve.desc': 'On-time clock-out on 12/24.',
+        'achieve.day_earth.name': 'Earth Day',
+        'achieve.day_earth.desc': 'Clocked in on 4/22 (secret).',
+        'achieve.season_jan.name': 'January Settled',
+        'achieve.season_jan.desc': 'Clocked in during January.',
+        'achieve.season_feb.name': 'February Perfect',
+        'achieve.season_feb.desc': 'Attended all business days in February.',
+        'achieve.season_mar.name': 'Spring Greeting',
+        'achieve.season_mar.desc': 'First clock-in of March.',
+        'achieve.season_apr.name': 'April Settled',
+        'achieve.season_apr.desc': 'Attended all business days in April.',
+        'achieve.season_may.name': 'May Perfect',
+        'achieve.season_may.desc': 'Attended all business days in May.',
+        'achieve.season_jun.name': 'Start of Summer',
+        'achieve.season_jun.desc': 'First clock-in of June.',
+        'achieve.season_jul.name': 'July Settled',
+        'achieve.season_jul.desc': 'Attended all business days in July.',
+        'achieve.season_aug.name': 'August Perfect',
+        'achieve.season_aug.desc': 'Attended all business days in August.',
+        'achieve.season_sep.name': 'Start of Autumn',
+        'achieve.season_sep.desc': 'First clock-in of September.',
+        'achieve.season_oct.name': 'October Settled',
+        'achieve.season_oct.desc': 'Attended all business days in October.',
+        'achieve.season_nov.name': 'November Maple',
+        'achieve.season_nov.desc': 'Attended all business days in November.',
+        'achieve.season_dec.name': 'Start of Winter',
+        'achieve.season_dec.desc': 'First clock-in of December.',
+        'achieve.mile_first.name': 'Hello, World!',
+        'achieve.mile_first.desc': 'First app run.',
+        'achieve.mile_7days.name': 'One Week User',
+        'achieve.mile_7days.desc': 'Used the app for 7 days.',
+        'achieve.mile_30days.name': 'One Month User',
+        'achieve.mile_30days.desc': 'Used the app for 30 days.',
+        'achieve.mile_365days.name': '1st Anniversary',
+        'achieve.mile_365days.desc': 'Used the app for 365 days.',
+        'achieve.mile_730days.name': '2nd Anniversary',
+        'achieve.mile_730days.desc': 'Used the app for 730 days.',
+        'achieve.mile_1095days.name': '3rd Anniversary',
+        'achieve.mile_1095days.desc': 'Used the app for 3 years.',
+        'achieve.mile_5years.name': '5-Year User',
+        'achieve.mile_5years.desc': 'Used the app for 5 years.',
+        'achieve.mile_10years.name': '10-Year User',
+        'achieve.mile_10years.desc': 'Used the app for 10 years.',
+        'achieve.stat_weekly_10.name': 'Weekly Stats Viewer',
+        'achieve.stat_weekly_10.desc': 'Viewed the Weekly tab 10 times.',
+        'achieve.stat_monthly_10.name': 'Monthly Stats Viewer',
+        'achieve.stat_monthly_10.desc': 'Viewed the Monthly tab 10 times.',
+        'achieve.stat_pattern_10.name': 'Pattern Analyst',
+        'achieve.stat_pattern_10.desc': 'Viewed the Pattern tab 10 times.',
+        'achieve.stat_calendar_30.name': 'Calendar Champ',
+        'achieve.stat_calendar_30.desc': 'Viewed the Calendar 30 times.',
+        'achieve.stat_report_first.name': 'First Daily Report',
+        'achieve.stat_report_first.desc': 'Generated a daily report once.',
+        'achieve.stat_report_30.name': 'Report Champ',
+        'achieve.stat_report_30.desc': 'Generated daily reports 30 times.',
+        'achieve.stat_chart_hover.name': 'Chart Hover Discovery',
+        'achieve.stat_chart_hover.desc': 'Discovered chart hover for the first time.',
+        'achieve.stat_achievements_open.name': 'Achievement Museum',
+        'achieve.stat_achievements_open.desc': 'Opened the Achievements view 50 times.',
+        'achieve.secret_palindrome.name': 'Palindrome Time',
+        'achieve.secret_palindrome.desc': 'Clock-in time is a palindrome.',
+        'achieve.secret_jackpot.name': 'Jackpot Time',
+        'achieve.secret_jackpot.desc': 'Clock-in time has all identical digits.',
+        'achieve.secret_fri13.name': 'Friday the 13th',
+        'achieve.secret_fri13.desc': 'Clocked in on Friday the 13th.',
+        'achieve.secret_777.name': '7-7-7',
+        'achieve.secret_777.desc': 'Clocked in at 07:07 on July 7.',
+        'achieve.secret_exact_8h.name': 'Exactly 8 Hours',
+        'achieve.secret_exact_8h.desc': 'Worked exactly 8h 0m.',
+        'achieve.secret_pi_day.name': 'Pi Day',
+        'achieve.secret_pi_day.desc': 'Clocked in at 01:59 on 3/14.',
+        'achieve.secret_fibonacci.name': 'Fibonacci',
+        'achieve.secret_fibonacci.desc': 'Clock-in minute is a Fibonacci number.',
+        'achieve.secret_double_six.name': 'Double Six',
+        'achieve.secret_double_six.desc': 'Clocked in at 18:06 on 6/6.',
+        'achieve.secret_anniversary.name': 'Wizard',
+        'achieve.secret_anniversary.desc': 'Clocked in exactly 365 days after joining.',
+        'achieve.set_dark.name': 'Dark Side',
+        'achieve.set_dark.desc': 'Used dark theme once.',
+        'achieve.set_lang.name': 'Bilingual',
+        'achieve.set_lang.desc': 'Changed language (used en).',
+        'achieve.set_a11y.name': 'Accessibility User',
+        'achieve.set_a11y.desc': 'Font scale ≠ 100% or high contrast ON.',
+        'achieve.set_overtime_unit.name': 'Unit Changer',
+        'achieve.set_overtime_unit.desc': 'Changed overtime_unit.',
+        'achieve.set_goal_full.name': 'Goal Master',
+        'achieve.set_goal_full.desc': 'Set both monthly OT cap and daily average goal.',
+        'achieve.set_discord_full.name': 'Full Setup',
+        'achieve.set_discord_full.desc': 'Discord URL + all notifications ON.',
+        'achieve.set_cloud.name': 'Cloud Sync',
+        'achieve.set_cloud.desc': 'Changed DB path.',
+        'achieve.meta_first.name': 'First Achievement',
+        'achieve.meta_first.desc': 'Earned first achievement.',
+        'achieve.meta_10.name': '10 Achievements',
+        'achieve.meta_10.desc': 'Hold 10 achievements.',
+        'achieve.meta_25.name': '25 Achievements',
+        'achieve.meta_25.desc': 'Hold 25 achievements.',
+        'achieve.meta_50.name': '50 Achievements',
+        'achieve.meta_50.desc': 'Hold 50 achievements.',
+        'achieve.meta_75.name': '75 Achievements',
+        'achieve.meta_75.desc': 'Hold 75 achievements.',
+        'achieve.meta_100.name': '100 Achievements',
+        'achieve.meta_100.desc': 'Hold 100 achievements.',
+        'achieve.meta_secret_1.name': 'Secret Found',
+        'achieve.meta_secret_1.desc': 'Discovered first secret.',
+        'achieve.meta_secret_5.name': 'Secret Hunter',
+        'achieve.meta_secret_5.desc': 'Discovered 5 secrets.',
+        'achieve.streak_monday_10.name': 'Monday Conqueror',
+        'achieve.streak_monday_10.desc': 'Clocked in 10 Mondays in a row.',
+        'achieve.streak_friday_10.name': 'Friday Flawless',
+        'achieve.streak_friday_10.desc': 'Clocked in 10 Fridays in a row.',
+},
 }
 
 
diff --git a/core/recurring_leaves.py b/core/recurring_leaves.py
index 64f2856..f9dbae4 100644
--- a/core/recurring_leaves.py
+++ b/core/recurring_leaves.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
 from typing import List, Dict, Optional
 
+from core.i18n import tr
+
 
 _WEEKDAY_MAP = {
     'mon': 0, 'monday': 0,
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ _WEEKDAY_MAP = {
     'sat': 5, 'saturday': 5,
     'sun': 6, 'sunday': 6,
 }
+_WEEKDAY_KEYS = ['mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat', 'sun']
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -135,19 +138,16 @@ def _parse_date(s: Optional[str]) -> Optional[date]:
         return None
 
 
-_KO_WEEKDAY_NAMES = ['월', '화', '수', '목', '금', '토', '일']
-
-
 def describe_pattern(pattern: str) -> str:
-    """사용자에게 보여줄 패턴 설명. ko."""
+    """사용자에게 보여줄 패턴 설명."""
     parsed = _parse_pattern(pattern)
     if parsed is None:
         return pattern
     kind, info = parsed
     if kind in ('weekly', 'biweekly'):
-        names = [_KO_WEEKDAY_NAMES[w] for w in info]
-        prefix = '매주' if kind == 'weekly' else '격주'
-        return f"{prefix} {','.join(names)}요일"
+        names = [tr(f'label.weekday_{_WEEKDAY_KEYS[w]}') for w in info]
+        prefix = tr('recurring.weekly') if kind == 'weekly' else tr('recurring.biweekly')
+        return tr('recurring.pattern_weekly', prefix=prefix, weekdays=','.join(names))
     if kind == 'monthly':
-        return f"매월 {info}일"
+        return tr('recurring.pattern_monthly', day=info)
     return pattern
diff --git a/core/time_calculator.py b/core/time_calculator.py
index cdc7627..747b6d3 100644
--- a/core/time_calculator.py
+++ b/core/time_calculator.py
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ class TimeCalculator:
         if work_minutes is not None:
             self.work_minutes = int(work_minutes)
         elif work_hours is not None:
-            self.work_minutes = int(round(float(work_hours) * 60))
+            # 은행 반올림(banker's rounding) 회피: 6.5시간 → 390분이 되도록 명시적 반올림
+            self.work_minutes = int(float(work_hours) * 60 + 0.5)
         else:
             self.work_minutes = 480
 
diff --git a/tests/test_csv_importer.py b/tests/test_csv_importer.py
index dd810a3..c31137e 100644
--- a/tests/test_csv_importer.py
+++ b/tests/test_csv_importer.py
@@ -4,13 +4,15 @@ utils.csv_importer 단위 테스트.
 import os
 import sys
 import tempfile
+from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
-from utils.csv_importer import parse_csv, _normalize_row, _normalize_time
+from utils.csv_importer import parse_csv, _normalize_row, _normalize_time, import_records
+from core.database import Database
 
 
 class TestNormalizeTime:
@@ -125,3 +127,54 @@ class TestParseCsv:
             assert '줄 3' in str(exc.value)
         finally:
             os.remove(path)
+
+
+class TestImportRecords:
+    def _db(self):
+        p = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix='.db')
+        p.close()
+        db = Database(p.name)
+        db.save_settings({
+            'work_minutes': '480',
+            'lunch_duration_minutes': '60',
+            'dinner_duration_minutes': '60',
+        })
+        return db, p.name
+
+    def test_overwrite_clears_overtime_usage(self):
+        """CSV 덮어쓰기 시 overtime_usage도 삭제되어 잔액이 일관성을 유지해야 함."""
+        db, path = self._db()
+        try:
+            date_str = '2026-04-01'
+            # 기존 기록 + 연장근무 사용 기록 생성
+            wid = db.add_work_record(date_str, '09:00:00')
+            db.update_clock_out(date_str, '20:00:00', 11.0, 120, 120)
+            db.add_overtime_earned(wid, 120, date_str)
+            db.add_overtime_usage(wid, 30, date_str, '테스트')
+
+            # 덮어쓰기 전 잔액
+            balance_before = db.get_total_overtime_balance()
+            assert balance_before == 90  # 120 적립 - 30 사용
+
+            rows = [{
+                'date': date_str,
+                'clock_in': '09:00:00',
+                'clock_out': '18:00:00',
+                'lunch_minutes': 60,
+                'dinner_minutes': 0,
+                'memo': '',
+            }]
+            import_records(db, rows, on_conflict='overwrite')
+
+            # 덮어쓰기 후 연장근무 사용 기록은 삭제되어야 함
+            with db._conn() as conn:
+                cur = conn.cursor()
+                cur.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM overtime_usage WHERE date = ?", (date_str,))
+                assert cur.fetchone()[0] == 0
+            balance_after = db.get_total_overtime_balance()
+            assert balance_after == 0  # 새 기록은 연장근무 없음
+        finally:
+            try:
+                os.remove(path)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
diff --git a/tests/test_holiday_api.py b/tests/test_holiday_api.py
index 8551b8b..a3d82fa 100644
--- a/tests/test_holiday_api.py
+++ b/tests/test_holiday_api.py
@@ -162,5 +162,12 @@ class TestFetchNetwork:
 
 
 class TestConfigured:
-    def test_key_set(self):
-        assert is_configured() is True
+    def test_key_set(self, monkeypatch):
+        import utils.holiday_api as _ha
+        monkeypatch.setattr(_ha, '_SERVICE_KEY', 'fa419259319e31d2fcd4f959e65da817fe2f19894bff340a63889db7a8ffac93')
+        assert _ha.is_configured() is True
+
+    def test_key_empty(self, monkeypatch):
+        import utils.holiday_api as _ha
+        monkeypatch.setattr(_ha, '_SERVICE_KEY', '')
+        assert _ha.is_configured() is False
diff --git a/ui/achievements_view.py b/ui/achievements_view.py
index cafb0af..e6d32a5 100644
--- a/ui/achievements_view.py
+++ b/ui/achievements_view.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
 from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont
 
 from core.achievements import get_all_with_status, get_stats
+from core.i18n import tr
 from ui.styles import apply_dark_titlebar
 from ui.dark_components import tc, tabs_qss, button_qss, scroll_qss, ACCENT_GOLD, _is_dark
 
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ TIER_THEMES = {
         'bg_bot': '#241810',
         'text': '#ffd9a8',
         'label': '🥉',
-        'name': '브론즈',
     },
     'silver': {
         'border': '#a8a8a8',
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ TIER_THEMES = {
         'bg_bot': '#1c1c22',
         'text': '#e8e8f0',
         'label': '🥈',
-        'name': '실버',
     },
     'gold': {
         'border': '#ffb700',
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ TIER_THEMES = {
         'bg_bot': '#241c08',
         'text': '#ffe9a0',
         'label': '🥇',
-        'name': '골드',
     },
     'platinum': {
         'border': '#7fdbff',
@@ -56,7 +54,6 @@ TIER_THEMES = {
         'bg_bot': '#0e1f28',
         'text': '#c5ecff',
         'label': '💎',
-        'name': '플래티넘',
     },
     'legend': {
         'border': '#ff6b9d',
@@ -65,20 +62,9 @@ TIER_THEMES = {
         'bg_bot': '#26101a',
         'text': '#ffc0d4',
         'label': '🌟',
-        'name': '레전드',
     },
 }
 
-CATEGORY_LABELS = {
-    'streak': '출근 streak', 'punctual': '시간 엄수', 'balance': '워라밸',
-    'ot_bank': '연장 적립', 'ot_use': '연장 사용', 'leave': '연차',
-    'health': '건강', 'special_day': '특별일', 'pattern': '패턴',
-    'milestone': '마일스톤', 'season': '시즌', 'time_slot': '시간대',
-    'meal': '식사', 'break_use': '외출', 'settings': '설정',
-    'stats': '통계', 'secret': '시크릿', 'korea': '한국 문화',
-    'ambition': '야망', 'meta': '메타',
-}
-
 
 class AchievementsView(QDialog):
     """도전과제 다이얼로그 — 4탭 + 통계 헤더."""
@@ -86,7 +72,7 @@ class AchievementsView(QDialog):
     def __init__(self, db, parent=None):
         super().__init__(parent)
         self.db = db
-        self.setWindowTitle("도전과제")
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr('achieve.title'))
         self.setMinimumSize(960, 720)
         self.resize(1100, 800)
         self._increment_view_count()
@@ -121,21 +107,21 @@ class AchievementsView(QDialog):
                          if a['earned_date'] is None and not a['is_secret']]
         secret_items = [a for a in all_items if a['is_secret']]
 
-        self.tabs.addTab(self._build_grid_tab(all_items), f"🌐 전체 · {len(all_items)}")
+        self.tabs.addTab(self._build_grid_tab(all_items), tr('achieve.tab_all', count=len(all_items)))
         self.tabs.addTab(self._build_grid_tab(in_progress),
-                          f"⚡ 진행 중 · {len(in_progress)}")
+                          tr('achieve.tab_in_progress', count=len(in_progress)))
         self.tabs.addTab(self._build_grid_tab(earned_items),
-                          f"✓ 완료 · {len(earned_items)}")
+                          tr('achieve.tab_completed', count=len(earned_items)))
         self.tabs.addTab(
             self._build_grid_tab(secret_items, secret_mode=True),
-            f"🌑 시크릿 · {stats['secret_earned']}/{stats['secret_total']}"
+            tr('achieve.tab_secret', earned=stats['secret_earned'], total=stats['secret_total'])
         )
         layout.addWidget(self.tabs, 1)
 
         # === 닫기 버튼 ===
         btn_row = QHBoxLayout()
         btn_row.addStretch()
-        close_btn = QPushButton("닫기")
+        close_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.close'))
         close_btn.setMinimumWidth(100)
         close_btn.setStyleSheet(button_qss('default'))
         close_btn.clicked.connect(self.accept)
@@ -183,7 +169,7 @@ class AchievementsView(QDialog):
 
         secret_lbl = QLabel(
             f"<div style='line-height: 1.3;'>"
-            f"<span style='font-size: 9pt; color: {tc('text_dim')};'>🌑 시크릿</span><br>"
+            f"<span style='font-size: 9pt; color: {tc('text_dim')};'>🌑 {tr('achieve.cat_secret')}</span><br>"
             f"<span style='font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; color: {c_secret};'>"
             f"{stats['secret_earned']}</span>"
             f"<span style='font-size: 12pt; color: {tc('text_dim')};'> / {stats['secret_total']}</span>"
@@ -196,7 +182,7 @@ class AchievementsView(QDialog):
 
         pct_lbl = QLabel(
             f"<div style='text-align: right; line-height: 1.3;'>"
-            f"<span style='font-size: 9pt; color: {tc('text_dim')};'>달성률</span><br>"
+            f"<span style='font-size: 9pt; color: {tc('text_dim')};'>{tr('achieve.completion_rate')}</span><br>"
             f"<span style='font-size: 24pt; font-weight: bold; color: {c_pct};'>"
             f"{pct:.1f}%</span></div>"
         )
@@ -242,7 +228,7 @@ class AchievementsView(QDialog):
         grid.setContentsMargins(8, 8, 8, 8)
 
         if not items:
-            empty = QLabel("(아직 없음)")
+            empty = QLabel(tr('achieve.empty'))
             empty.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
             empty.setStyleSheet(
                 f"color: {tc('text_faint')}; padding: 60px; font-size: 12pt; background: transparent;"
@@ -344,9 +330,9 @@ class AchievementsView(QDialog):
         name.setWordWrap(True)
         name_box.addWidget(name)
 
-        cat_text = CATEGORY_LABELS.get(item['category'], item['category'] or '')
+        cat_text = tr(f"achieve.cat_{item['category']}")
         if not is_locked_secret:
-            cat_label = QLabel(f"  {theme['label']} {theme['name']} · {cat_text}  ")
+            cat_label = QLabel(f"  {theme['label']} {tr(f'achieve.tier_{tier}')} · {cat_text}  ")
             cat_label.setStyleSheet(
                 f"font-size: 8.5pt; "
                 f"color: {theme['border_strong'] if _is_dark() else tc('text_dim')}; "
@@ -368,7 +354,7 @@ class AchievementsView(QDialog):
 
         # 2행: 설명
         if is_locked_secret:
-            desc_text = "🔒 달성하면 공개됩니다"
+            desc_text = tr('achieve.secret_locked')
         else:
             desc_text = item['description'] or ''
         desc = QLabel(desc_text)
@@ -381,7 +367,7 @@ class AchievementsView(QDialog):
 
         # 3행: 진행 게이지 또는 획득 일자
         if is_earned:
-            earned = QLabel(f"  ✓ {item['earned_date']} 달성  ")
+            earned = QLabel(tr('achieve.earned_date', date=item['earned_date']))
             earned.setStyleSheet(
                 f"color: {theme['border_strong'] if _is_dark() else tc('text')}; "
                 f"font-weight: bold; font-size: 9.5pt; "
diff --git a/ui/calendar_view.py b/ui/calendar_view.py
index 7b4d514..b345e26 100644
--- a/ui/calendar_view.py
+++ b/ui/calendar_view.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import os
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 from core.database import Database
+from core.i18n import tr
 from ui.styles import ThemeColors, apply_dark_titlebar
 
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
         layout.setContentsMargins(12, 10, 12, 10)
 
         # 제목
-        title = QLabel("월간 근무 기록")
+        title = QLabel(tr('cal.dialog_title'))
         title.setObjectName("dialog_title")
         title.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
         layout.addWidget(title)
@@ -55,8 +56,8 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
         # 범례
         legend_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         legend_layout.setSpacing(12)
-        for _color, _txt in [('#51CF66', '정상'), ('#FA5252', '연장'),
-                              ('#FAB005', '휴가'), ('#6C6E73', '없음')]:
+        for _color, _txt in [('#51CF66', tr('cal.legend_normal')), ('#FA5252', tr('cal.legend_overtime')),
+                              ('#FAB005', tr('cal.legend_leave')), ('#6C6E73', tr('cal.legend_none'))]:
             _item = QLabel(f"<span style='color:{_color};'>●</span> {_txt}")
             _item.setTextFormat(Qt.RichText)
             legend_layout.addWidget(_item)
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
         layout.addLayout(legend_layout)
 
         # 선택된 날짜 상세 정보
-        detail_group = QGroupBox("선택된 날짜 정보")
+        detail_group = QGroupBox(tr('cal.detail_group_title'))
         detail_layout = QVBoxLayout()
         detail_layout.setSpacing(6)
         detail_layout.setContentsMargins(10, 20, 10, 8)
@@ -78,13 +79,13 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
         button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         button_layout.setSpacing(6)
 
-        self.edit_time_button = QPushButton("시간 수정")
+        self.edit_time_button = QPushButton(tr('cal.edit_time'))
         self.edit_time_button.setObjectName("btn_primary")
         self.edit_time_button.setEnabled(False)
         self.edit_time_button.clicked.connect(self.edit_work_time)
         button_layout.addWidget(self.edit_time_button)
 
-        self.delete_record_button = QPushButton("기록 삭제")
+        self.delete_record_button = QPushButton(tr('cal.delete_record'))
         self.delete_record_button.setObjectName("btn_danger")
         self.delete_record_button.setEnabled(False)
         self.delete_record_button.clicked.connect(self.delete_selected_record)
@@ -95,17 +96,17 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
         layout.addWidget(detail_group)
 
         # 메모 그룹
-        memo_group = QGroupBox("메모")
+        memo_group = QGroupBox(tr('cal.memo_group'))
         memo_layout = QVBoxLayout()
         memo_layout.setSpacing(6)
         memo_layout.setContentsMargins(10, 20, 10, 8)
 
         self.memo_edit = QTextEdit()
         self.memo_edit.setMaximumHeight(70)
-        self.memo_edit.setPlaceholderText("추가근무 사유, 특이사항 등...")
+        self.memo_edit.setPlaceholderText(tr('cal.memo_placeholder'))
         memo_layout.addWidget(self.memo_edit)
 
-        self.save_memo_button = QPushButton("메모 저장")
+        self.save_memo_button = QPushButton(tr('cal.save_memo'))
         self.save_memo_button.setObjectName("btn_primary")
         self.save_memo_button.setEnabled(False)
         self.save_memo_button.clicked.connect(self.save_memo)
@@ -166,10 +167,10 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
         menu = QMenu(self)
         edit_action = delete_action = add_action = None
         if existing:
-            edit_action = menu.addAction(f"{date_str} 편집")
-            delete_action = menu.addAction(f"{date_str} 삭제")
+            edit_action = menu.addAction(tr('cal.context_edit', date=date_str))
+            delete_action = menu.addAction(tr('cal.context_delete', date=date_str))
         else:
-            add_action = menu.addAction(f"{date_str} 기록 추가")
+            add_action = menu.addAction(tr('cal.context_add', date=date_str))
 
         action = menu.exec_(self.calendar.mapToGlobal(pos))
         if action is None:
@@ -217,9 +218,9 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
                 if ot_earned > 0:
                     self.db.add_overtime_earned(wid, ot_earned, date_str)
             self._refresh_calendar()
-            QMessageBox.information(self, "추가 완료", f"{date_str} 기록이 추가되었습니다.")
+            QMessageBox.information(self, tr('cal.add_done_title'), tr('cal.add_done_body', date=date_str))
         except Exception as e:
-            QMessageBox.critical(self, "오류", f"기록 추가 실패: {e}")
+            QMessageBox.critical(self, tr('cal.add_error_title'), tr('cal.add_error_body', error=e))
 
     def _open_edit_dialog(self, date_str: str):
         """기존 일자 편집 — date_selected로 우회 (이미 EditTimeDialog 있음)."""
@@ -231,8 +232,8 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
 
     def _delete_record(self, date_str: str):
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
-            self, "삭제 확인",
-            f"{date_str} 기록을 정말 삭제하시겠습니까?\n(연장근무 적립 내역도 함께 삭제됩니다)",
+            tr('cal.delete_confirm_title'),
+            tr('cal.delete_confirm_body', date=date_str),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
         )
         if reply != QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -245,10 +246,10 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
             cursor.execute("DELETE FROM work_records WHERE date = ?", (date_str,))
             conn.commit()
             self._refresh_calendar()
-            QMessageBox.information(self, "삭제 완료", f"{date_str} 기록 삭제됨")
+            QMessageBox.information(self, tr('cal.delete_done_title'), tr('cal.delete_done_body', date=date_str))
         except Exception as e:
             conn.rollback()
-            QMessageBox.critical(self, "오류", str(e))
+            QMessageBox.critical(self, tr('cal.edit_error_title'), str(e))
         finally:
             conn.close()
 
@@ -270,33 +271,33 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
 
         if record:
             # 상세 정보 표시
-            detail = f"{selected_date.strftime('%Y년 %m월 %d일')}\n\n"
-            detail += f"출근: {record['clock_in']}\n"
+            detail = tr('cal.detail_date_fmt', year=selected_date.year, month=selected_date.month, day=selected_date.day) + '\n\n'
+            detail += tr('cal.detail_clock_in', time=record['clock_in']) + '\n'
 
             if record.get('clock_out'):
-                detail += f"퇴근: {record['clock_out']}\n"
-                detail += f"총 근무시간: {record.get('total_hours', 0):.1f}시간\n"
+                detail += tr('cal.detail_clock_out', time=record['clock_out']) + '\n'
+                detail += tr('cal.detail_total_hours', hours=record.get('total_hours', 0)) + '\n'
 
                 if record.get('lunch_break'):
-                    detail += f"점심시간: 사용함\n"
+                    detail += tr('cal.detail_lunch_used') + '\n'
                 else:
-                    detail += f"점심시간: 미사용\n"
+                    detail += tr('cal.detail_lunch_unused') + '\n'
 
                 if record.get('dinner_break'):
-                    detail += f"저녁시간: 사용함\n"
+                    detail += tr('cal.detail_dinner_used') + '\n'
                 else:
-                    detail += f"저녁시간: 미사용\n"
+                    detail += tr('cal.detail_dinner_unused') + '\n'
 
                 if record.get('overtime_earned', 0) > 0:
                     earned_min = record['overtime_earned']
                     earned_hours = earned_min // 60
                     earned_mins = earned_min % 60
-                    detail += f"\n🔥 연장근무 적립: {earned_hours}시간 {earned_mins}분\n"
+                    detail += '\n' + tr('cal.detail_overtime_earned', hours=earned_hours, minutes=earned_mins) + '\n'
             else:
-                detail += f"퇴근: 미기록\n"
+                detail += tr('cal.detail_clock_out_none') + '\n'
 
             if record.get('memo'):
-                detail += f"\n메모: {record['memo']}\n"
+                detail += '\n' + tr('cal.detail_memo', memo=record['memo']) + '\n'
 
             self.detail_text.setText(detail)
             self.edit_time_button.setEnabled(True)
@@ -306,7 +307,7 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
             self.memo_edit.setPlainText(record.get('memo', ''))
             self.save_memo_button.setEnabled(True)
         else:
-            self.detail_text.setText(f"{selected_date.strftime('%Y년 %m월 %d일')}\n\n기록이 없습니다.")
+            self.detail_text.setText(tr('cal.detail_date_fmt', year=selected_date.year, month=selected_date.month, day=selected_date.day) + '\n\n' + tr('cal.no_record'))
             self.edit_time_button.setEnabled(False)
             self.delete_record_button.setEnabled(False)
             self.memo_edit.setPlainText('')
@@ -319,10 +320,8 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
 
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "출근 기록 삭제",
-            f"{self.selected_date_str}의 출근 기록을 삭제하시겠습니까?\n\n"
-            f"※ 연관된 연장근무 적립/사용 기록도 함께 삭제됩니다.\n"
-            f"※ 이 작업은 되돌릴 수 없습니다.",
+            tr('cal.delete_selected_title'),
+            tr('cal.delete_selected_body', date=self.selected_date_str),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
             QMessageBox.No
         )
@@ -332,8 +331,8 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
 
             QMessageBox.information(
                 self,
-                "삭제 완료",
-                f"{self.selected_date_str}의 출근 기록이 삭제되었습니다."
+                tr('cal.delete_done_title'),
+                tr('cal.delete_done_body', date=self.selected_date_str)
             )
 
             # 캘린더 새로고침
@@ -353,8 +352,8 @@ class CalendarView(QDialog):
 
         QMessageBox.information(
             self,
-            "메모 저장",
-            f"{self.selected_date_str}의 메모가 저장되었습니다."
+            tr('cal.save_memo_title'),
+            tr('cal.save_memo_body', date=self.selected_date_str)
         )
 
         # 상세 정보 새로고침
@@ -400,7 +399,7 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
         from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTimeEdit
         from PyQt5.QtCore import QTime
 
-        self.setWindowTitle("출퇴근 시간 수정")
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr('cal.edit_dialog_title'))
         self.setModal(True)
         self.setMinimumWidth(420)
 
@@ -409,19 +408,19 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
         layout.setContentsMargins(12, 10, 12, 10)
 
         # 제목
-        title = QLabel(f"{self.date_str} 출퇴근 시간 수정")
+        title = QLabel(tr('cal.edit_dialog_subtitle', date=self.date_str))
         title.setObjectName("dialog_subtitle")
         layout.addWidget(title)
 
         # 출근 시간
         clock_in_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         clock_in_layout.setSpacing(4)
-        clock_in_label = QLabel("출근:")
+        clock_in_label = QLabel(tr('cal.label_clock_in'))
         clock_in_label.setObjectName("field_label")
         clock_in_label.setFixedWidth(40)
         clock_in_layout.addWidget(clock_in_label)
 
-        clock_in_minus_btn = QPushButton("-30분")
+        clock_in_minus_btn = QPushButton(tr('cal.btn_minus_30'))
         clock_in_minus_btn.setFixedWidth(55)
         clock_in_minus_btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.adjust_time(self.clock_in_edit, -30))
         clock_in_layout.addWidget(clock_in_minus_btn)
@@ -432,7 +431,7 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
         self.clock_in_edit.setTime(clock_in_time)
         clock_in_layout.addWidget(self.clock_in_edit)
 
-        clock_in_plus_btn = QPushButton("+30분")
+        clock_in_plus_btn = QPushButton(tr('cal.btn_plus_30'))
         clock_in_plus_btn.setFixedWidth(55)
         clock_in_plus_btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.adjust_time(self.clock_in_edit, 30))
         clock_in_layout.addWidget(clock_in_plus_btn)
@@ -441,12 +440,12 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
         # 퇴근 시간
         clock_out_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         clock_out_layout.setSpacing(4)
-        clock_out_label = QLabel("퇴근:")
+        clock_out_label = QLabel(tr('cal.label_clock_out'))
         clock_out_label.setObjectName("field_label")
         clock_out_label.setFixedWidth(40)
         clock_out_layout.addWidget(clock_out_label)
 
-        clock_out_minus_btn = QPushButton("-30분")
+        clock_out_minus_btn = QPushButton(tr('cal.btn_minus_30'))
         clock_out_minus_btn.setFixedWidth(55)
         clock_out_minus_btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.adjust_time(self.clock_out_edit, -30))
         clock_out_layout.addWidget(clock_out_minus_btn)
@@ -458,7 +457,7 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
             self.clock_out_edit.setTime(clock_out_time)
         clock_out_layout.addWidget(self.clock_out_edit)
 
-        clock_out_plus_btn = QPushButton("+30분")
+        clock_out_plus_btn = QPushButton(tr('cal.btn_plus_30'))
         clock_out_plus_btn.setFixedWidth(55)
         clock_out_plus_btn.clicked.connect(lambda: self.adjust_time(self.clock_out_edit, 30))
         clock_out_layout.addWidget(clock_out_plus_btn)
@@ -467,27 +466,27 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
         # 점심/저녁 체크박스 - 한 줄에
         from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QCheckBox
         check_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.lunch_check = QCheckBox("점심 (1시간)")
+        self.lunch_check = QCheckBox(tr('cal.check_lunch_1h'))
         self.lunch_check.setChecked(bool(self.record.get('lunch_break', False)))
         check_layout.addWidget(self.lunch_check)
 
-        self.dinner_check = QCheckBox("저녁 (1시간)")
+        self.dinner_check = QCheckBox(tr('cal.check_dinner_1h'))
         self.dinner_check.setChecked(bool(self.record.get('dinner_break', False)))
         check_layout.addWidget(self.dinner_check)
         layout.addLayout(check_layout)
 
         # 안내 메시지
-        note = QLabel("※ 수정 시 연장근무 내역이 재계산됩니다.")
+        note = QLabel(tr('cal.edit_note'))
         note.setObjectName("note_text")
         layout.addWidget(note)
 
         # 버튼
         button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        save_button = QPushButton("저장")
+        save_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.save'))
         save_button.setObjectName("btn_success")
         save_button.clicked.connect(self.save_changes)
 
-        cancel_button = QPushButton("취소")
+        cancel_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.cancel'))
         cancel_button.clicked.connect(self.reject)
 
         button_layout.addWidget(save_button)
@@ -513,8 +512,8 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
         if clock_out <= clock_in:
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "시간 오류",
-                "퇴근 시간은 출근 시간보다 늦어야 합니다."
+                tr('cal.time_error_title'),
+                tr('cal.time_error_body')
             )
             return
 
@@ -597,15 +596,12 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
 
             QMessageBox.information(
                 self,
-                "수정 완료",
-                f"{self.date_str}의 출퇴근 시간이 수정되었습니다.\n\n"
-                f"출근: {clock_in}\n"
-                f"퇴근: {clock_out}\n"
-                f"점심시간: {'사용' if lunch_break else '미사용'}\n"
-                f"저녁시간: {'사용' if dinner_break else '미사용'}\n"
-                f"외출시간: {break_minutes}분\n"
-                f"총 근무시간: {total_hours:.1f}시간\n"
-                f"연장근무: {overtime_earned}분 적립"
+                tr('cal.edit_done_title'),
+                tr('cal.edit_done_body',
+                   date=self.date_str, clock_in=clock_in, clock_out=clock_out,
+                   lunch=tr('cal.detail_lunch_used') if lunch_break else tr('cal.detail_lunch_unused'),
+                   dinner=tr('cal.detail_dinner_used') if dinner_break else tr('cal.detail_dinner_unused'),
+                   break_minutes=break_minutes, total_hours=total_hours, overtime_earned=overtime_earned)
             )
 
             self.accept()
@@ -613,8 +609,8 @@ class EditWorkTimeDialog(QDialog):
         except Exception as e:
             QMessageBox.critical(
                 self,
-                "오류",
-                f"수정 중 오류가 발생했습니다:\n{str(e)}"
+                tr('cal.edit_error_title'),
+                tr('cal.edit_error_body', error=str(e))
             )
         finally:
             if conn:
diff --git a/ui/chart_widget.py b/ui/chart_widget.py
index fa21710..4779a2c 100644
--- a/ui/chart_widget.py
+++ b/ui/chart_widget.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ from typing import List, Tuple
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QLabel
 from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
 
+from core.i18n import tr
+
 try:
     import matplotlib
     from matplotlib.figure import Figure
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ class _Fallback(QWidget):
 def make_chart_widget(parent=None) -> QWidget:
     """차트가 그려질 빈 캔버스 위젯. matplotlib 없으면 fallback."""
     if not _MPL:
-        return _Fallback("차트 표시에는 matplotlib가 필요합니다.\npip install matplotlib")
+        return _Fallback(tr('chart.need_matplotlib'))
     _refresh_chart_colors()
     widget = QWidget(parent)
     widget.setStyleSheet(f"background: {_CHART_BG}; border-radius: 8px;")
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ def draw_daily_hours(widget: QWidget, records: List[dict]) -> None:
     if not records:
         ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
         _apply_dark_axes(ax)
-        ax.text(0.5, 0.5, '기록 없음', ha='center', va='center',
+        ax.text(0.5, 0.5, tr('chart.no_records'), ha='center', va='center',
                   transform=ax.transAxes, color=_CHART_TEXT, fontsize=11)
         widget._canvas.draw()
         return
@@ -127,10 +129,10 @@ def draw_daily_hours(widget: QWidget, records: List[dict]) -> None:
     base = [max(h - o, 0) for h, o in zip(hours, overtimes)]
 
     ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
-    bars_base = ax.bar(dates, base, label='정상', color=_CHART_BAR_NORMAL)
-    bars_ot = ax.bar(dates, overtimes, bottom=base, label='연장',
+    bars_base = ax.bar(dates, base, label=tr('chart.label_normal'), color=_CHART_BAR_NORMAL)
+    bars_ot = ax.bar(dates, overtimes, bottom=base, label=tr('chart.label_overtime'),
                        color=_CHART_BAR_OVERTIME)
-    ax.set_ylabel('시간')
+    ax.set_ylabel(tr('chart.ylabel_hours'))
     legend = ax.legend(loc='upper left', fontsize=8, facecolor=_CHART_BG,
                           edgecolor=_CHART_GRID, labelcolor=_CHART_TEXT)
     ax.tick_params(axis='x', labelrotation=45, labelsize=8)
@@ -157,9 +159,10 @@ def draw_daily_hours(widget: QWidget, records: List[dict]) -> None:
             for i, bar in enumerate(bars):
                 if bar.contains(event)[0]:
                     h = hours[i]; ot = overtimes[i]
-                    text = f"▼ {full_dates[i]}\n근무 {h:.1f}h"
+                    text = tr('chart.hover_text',
+                                 date=full_dates[i], hours=f"{h:.1f}")
                     if ot > 0:
-                        text += f"\n연장 +{ot:.1f}h"
+                        text += "\n" + tr('chart.hover_overtime', hours=f"{ot:.1f}")
                     annot.xy = (bar.get_x() + bar.get_width() / 2, bar.get_height() + bar.get_y())
                     annot.set_text(text)
                     annot.set_visible(True)
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ def draw_clock_in_distribution(widget: QWidget, records: List[dict]) -> None:
     if not records:
         ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
         _apply_dark_axes(ax)
-        ax.text(0.5, 0.5, '기록 없음', ha='center', va='center',
+        ax.text(0.5, 0.5, tr('chart.no_records'), ha='center', va='center',
                   transform=ax.transAxes, color=_CHART_TEXT, fontsize=11)
         widget._canvas.draw()
         return
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ def draw_clock_in_distribution(widget: QWidget, records: List[dict]) -> None:
     if not minutes_list:
         ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
         _apply_dark_axes(ax)
-        ax.text(0.5, 0.5, '기록 없음', ha='center', va='center',
+        ax.text(0.5, 0.5, tr('chart.no_records'), ha='center', va='center',
                   transform=ax.transAxes, color=_CHART_TEXT, fontsize=11)
         widget._canvas.draw()
         return
@@ -225,12 +228,13 @@ def draw_clock_in_distribution(widget: QWidget, records: List[dict]) -> None:
     ax.hist(minutes_list, bins=bins, color=_CHART_BAR_NORMAL,
               edgecolor=_CHART_BG, linewidth=1)
     avg = sum(minutes_list) / len(minutes_list)
+    avg_time = f"{int(avg//60):02d}:{int(avg%60):02d}"
     ax.axvline(avg, color=_CHART_AVG_LINE, linestyle='--', linewidth=2,
-                label=f'평균 {int(avg//60):02d}:{int(avg%60):02d}')
+                label=tr('chart.avg_line', time=avg_time))
     ax.set_xticks([m for m in bins if m % 60 == 0])
     ax.set_xticklabels([f"{m//60:02d}:00" for m in bins if m % 60 == 0],
                        rotation=45, fontsize=8)
-    ax.set_ylabel('일수')
+    ax.set_ylabel(tr('chart.ylabel_days'))
     legend = ax.legend(loc='upper right', fontsize=8, facecolor=_CHART_BG,
                           edgecolor=_CHART_GRID, labelcolor=_CHART_TEXT)
     _apply_dark_axes(ax)
@@ -257,11 +261,13 @@ def draw_weekday_avg(widget: QWidget, records: List[dict]) -> None:
         weekday_counts[d.weekday()] += 1
 
     avg = [(t / c) if c else 0 for t, c in zip(weekday_totals, weekday_counts)]
-    labels = ['월', '화', '수', '목', '금', '토', '일']
+    labels = [tr('label.weekday_mon'), tr('label.weekday_tue'), tr('label.weekday_wed'),
+              tr('label.weekday_thu'), tr('label.weekday_fri'), tr('label.weekday_sat'),
+              tr('label.weekday_sun')]
 
     ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
     colors = [_CHART_BAR_NORMAL] * 5 + [_CHART_BAR_WEEKEND] * 2  # 주말 골드 강조
     ax.bar(labels, avg, color=colors)
-    ax.set_ylabel('평균 시간')
+    ax.set_ylabel(tr('chart.ylabel_avg_hours'))
     _apply_dark_axes(ax)
     widget._canvas.draw()
diff --git a/ui/clock_in_dialog.py b/ui/clock_in_dialog.py
index 76e5d4a..9c3bb22 100644
--- a/ui/clock_in_dialog.py
+++ b/ui/clock_in_dialog.py
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     dialog = ClockInDialog()
     if dialog.exec_() == QDialog.Accepted:
         selected_time = dialog.get_time()
-        print(f"선택된 시간: {selected_time.strftime('%H:%M:%S')}")
+        print(tr('clock_in_dialog.selected', time=selected_time.strftime('%H:%M:%S')))
     else:
-        print("취소됨")
+        print(tr('clock_in_dialog.cancelled'))
 
     sys.exit()
diff --git a/ui/controllers/lock_monitor.py b/ui/controllers/lock_monitor.py
index b0812ef..97a855f 100644
--- a/ui/controllers/lock_monitor.py
+++ b/ui/controllers/lock_monitor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from datetime import datetime
 
 from core.settings_keys import AUTO_BREAK_ON_LOCK, CLOCK_IN_ON_UNLOCK
+import sqlite3
 
 
 class LockMonitor:
@@ -61,14 +62,23 @@ class LockMonitor:
         clock_in_str = when.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
         existing = self.db.get_today_record()
         if existing:
-            conn = self.db.get_connection()
-            cursor = conn.cursor()
-            cursor.execute(
-                "UPDATE work_records SET clock_in = ?, is_manual = 0 WHERE date = ?",
-                (clock_in_str, today),
-            )
-            conn.commit()
-            conn.close()
+            with self.db._conn() as conn:
+                cursor = conn.cursor()
+                cursor.execute(
+                    "UPDATE work_records SET clock_in = ?, is_manual = 0 WHERE date = ?",
+                    (clock_in_str, today),
+                )
+                conn.commit()
         else:
-            self.db.add_work_record(today, clock_in_str)
+            try:
+                self.db.add_work_record(today, clock_in_str)
+            except sqlite3.IntegrityError:
+                # get_today_record()와 add_work_record() 사이 경쟁 조건
+                with self.db._conn() as conn:
+                    cursor = conn.cursor()
+                    cursor.execute(
+                        "UPDATE work_records SET clock_in = ?, is_manual = 0 WHERE date = ?",
+                        (clock_in_str, today),
+                    )
+                    conn.commit()
         w.update_display()
diff --git a/ui/controllers/notification_orchestrator.py b/ui/controllers/notification_orchestrator.py
index e75f2e0..17b71c0 100644
--- a/ui/controllers/notification_orchestrator.py
+++ b/ui/controllers/notification_orchestrator.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from core.settings_keys import (
     HEALTH_CONSECUTIVE_OT_DAYS, WEEKLY_HOURS_THRESHOLD, OVERTIME_THRESHOLD_HOURS,
 )
+from core.i18n import tr
 from utils.debug_log import dlog
 
 
@@ -54,12 +55,12 @@ class NotificationOrchestrator:
         longest = max(closed, key=lambda r: r.get('total_hours') or 0)
         longest_str = f"{longest['date']} ({longest.get('total_hours', 0):.1f}h)"
 
-        title = "📊 지난주 요약"
-        body = (f"기간: {last_mon} ~ {last_sun}\n"
-                f"총 근무: {total_h:.1f}시간 ({len(closed)}일)\n"
-                f"일 평균: {avg_h:.1f}시간\n"
-                f"연장근무: {ot_h}시간 {ot_m}분\n"
-                f"가장 긴 날: {longest_str}")
+        title = tr('notif.weekly_report.title')
+        body = tr('notif.weekly_report.body',
+                  start=last_mon, end=last_sun,
+                  total_h=total_h, days=len(closed),
+                  avg_h=avg_h, ot_h=ot_h, ot_m=ot_m,
+                  longest=longest_str)
         self.notifier.notification_signal.emit(title, body)
         self.db.log_notification('system', 'weekly_report')
 
@@ -70,13 +71,17 @@ class NotificationOrchestrator:
                 try:
                     from utils.discord_webhook import send, COLOR_BLUE
                     fields = [
-                        {"name": "총 근무", "value": f"{total_h:.1f}시간 ({len(closed)}일)", "inline": True},
-                        {"name": "일 평균", "value": f"{avg_h:.1f}시간", "inline": True},
-                        {"name": "연장근무", "value": f"{ot_h}시간 {ot_m}분", "inline": True},
-                        {"name": "가장 긴 날", "value": longest_str, "inline": False},
+                        {"name": tr('field.total_work'), "value": tr('field.total_work_value', hours=total_h, days=len(closed)), "inline": True},
+                        {"name": tr('field.avg_daily'), "value": tr('field.avg_daily_value', hours=avg_h), "inline": True},
+                        {"name": tr('field.overtime'), "value": tr('field.overtime_value', hours=ot_h, minutes=ot_m), "inline": True},
+                        {"name": tr('field.longest_day'), "value": longest_str, "inline": False},
                     ]
-                    ok = send(url, "📊 지난주 요약",
-                               f"기간: {last_mon} ~ {last_sun}",
+                    ok = send(url, tr('notif.weekly_report.title'),
+                               tr('notif.weekly_report.body',
+                                  start=last_mon, end=last_sun,
+                                  total_h=total_h, days=len(closed),
+                                  avg_h=avg_h, ot_h=ot_h, ot_m=ot_m,
+                                  longest=longest_str),
                                color=COLOR_BLUE, fields=fields)
                     self.db.log_notification('discord', 'weekly_report', success=ok)
                 except Exception as e:
@@ -147,8 +152,8 @@ class NotificationOrchestrator:
         for a in unlocked:
             self.db.log_notification('system', f'achievement:{a.code}')
             if notif_on:
-                title = f"{a.badge_icon} 도전과제 달성!"
-                body = f"{a.name}\n{a.description}"
+                title = tr('notif.achievement.title', icon=a.badge_icon)
+                body = tr('notif.achievement.body', name=a.name, description=a.description)
                 self.notifier.notification_signal.emit(title, body)
         # Discord 통합 push (여러 개면 묶어서)
         self._discord_achievements(unlocked)
@@ -167,8 +172,8 @@ class NotificationOrchestrator:
             extra = (f"\n... 외 {len(unlocked) - 10}개" if len(unlocked) > 10 else '')
             ok = discord_webhook.send(
                 url,
-                f"🏆 도전과제 {len(unlocked)}개 달성!",
-                f"새로 잠금 해제된 도전과제 입니다.{extra}",
+                tr('discord.achievement.title', count=len(unlocked)),
+                tr('discord.achievement.body', extra=extra),
                 color=discord_webhook.COLOR_YELLOW,
                 fields=fields,
             )
diff --git a/ui/goal_widget.py b/ui/goal_widget.py
index 8e120d0..36ee643 100644
--- a/ui/goal_widget.py
+++ b/ui/goal_widget.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ from datetime import datetime, date
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QProgressBar
 from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
 
+from core.i18n import tr
+
 
 class GoalWidget(QWidget):
     """월간 목표 진행률 표시."""
@@ -20,13 +22,13 @@ class GoalWidget(QWidget):
         layout.setContentsMargins(8, 6, 8, 6)
         layout.setSpacing(4)
 
-        title = QLabel("이번 달 목표")
+        title = QLabel(tr('goal.title'))
         title.setStyleSheet("font-weight: bold;")
         layout.addWidget(title)
 
         # 연장근무 상한
         ot_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.ot_label = QLabel("연장근무:")
+        self.ot_label = QLabel(tr('goal.overtime'))
         self.ot_label.setFixedWidth(100)
         self.ot_bar = QProgressBar()
         self.ot_bar.setTextVisible(True)
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ class GoalWidget(QWidget):
 
         # 일평균
         avg_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.avg_label = QLabel("일평균:")
+        self.avg_label = QLabel(tr('goal.avg_daily'))
         self.avg_label.setFixedWidth(100)
         self.avg_bar = QProgressBar()
         self.avg_bar.setTextVisible(True)
diff --git a/ui/help_view.py b/ui/help_view.py
index 6de5e91..4ee3618 100644
--- a/ui/help_view.py
+++ b/ui/help_view.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class HelpView(QDialog):
         button_layout.setContentsMargins(0, 6, 0, 0)
 
         # 온보딩 다시 보기 (왼쪽, ghost 스타일)
-        onboarding_button = QPushButton("온보딩 다시 보기")
+        onboarding_button = QPushButton(tr('help.onboarding_button'))
         onboarding_button.setMinimumHeight(36)
         onboarding_button.setStyleSheet(button_qss('ghost'))
         onboarding_button.clicked.connect(self._reopen_onboarding)
diff --git a/ui/leave_calendar_view.py b/ui/leave_calendar_view.py
index 262f99a..3ed4815 100644
--- a/ui/leave_calendar_view.py
+++ b/ui/leave_calendar_view.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QDialog, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
 from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QDate
 from PyQt5.QtGui import QTextCharFormat, QColor, QBrush
 
+from core.i18n import tr
 from ui.styles import apply_dark_titlebar
 
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ class LeaveCalendarView(QDialog):
     def __init__(self, parent=None, db=None):
         super().__init__(parent)
         self.db = db
-        self.setWindowTitle("연차 캘린더")
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr('leave_cal.title'))
         self.setModal(True)
         self.setMinimumSize(540, 480)
         self._build_ui()
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ class LeaveCalendarView(QDialog):
         balance = float(self.db.get_setting('leave_balance', '0') or 0)
         total = float(self.db.get_setting('annual_leave_total', '15') or 15)
         used = total - balance
-        title = QLabel(f"잔여 {balance:.2f}일 / 총 {total:.0f}일 (사용 {used:.2f}일)")
+        title = QLabel(tr('leave_cal.header', balance=balance, total=total, used=used))
         title.setStyleSheet("font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;")
         header.addWidget(title)
         header.addStretch()
@@ -45,9 +46,9 @@ class LeaveCalendarView(QDialog):
 
         # 범례 (사용 완료 + 예정 분리)
         legend = QHBoxLayout()
-        for _color, _txt in [('#51CF66', '종일(1.0)'), ('#FAB005', '반차(0.5)'),
-                              ('#B197FC', '반반차(0.25)'), ('#4DABF7', '예정'),
-                              ('#748FFC', '종일+예정')]:
+        for _color, _txt in [('#51CF66', tr('leave_cal.legend_full')), ('#FAB005', tr('leave_cal.legend_half')),
+                              ('#B197FC', tr('leave_cal.legend_quarter')), ('#4DABF7', tr('leave_cal.legend_planned')),
+                              ('#748FFC', tr('leave_cal.legend_full_planned'))]:
             l = QLabel(f"<span style='color:{_color};'>●</span> {_txt}")
             l.setStyleSheet("padding: 2px 6px;")
             legend.addWidget(l)
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ class LeaveCalendarView(QDialog):
         # 닫기 버튼
         btn_row = QHBoxLayout()
         btn_row.addStretch()
-        close_btn = QPushButton("닫기")
+        close_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.close'))
         close_btn.clicked.connect(self.close)
         btn_row.addWidget(close_btn)
         layout.addLayout(btn_row)
@@ -109,12 +110,12 @@ class LeaveCalendarView(QDialog):
         records = self.db.get_all_leave_records(limit=365)
         match = [r for r in records if r['date'] == date_str]
         if not match:
-            self.detail_label.setText(f"{date_str} — 연차 사용 없음")
+            self.detail_label.setText(tr('leave_cal.detail_no_record', date=date_str))
             return
         parts = []
         for r in match:
             t = r.get('leave_type', 'annual')
             d = float(r.get('days') or 0)
             memo = r.get('memo') or ''
-            parts.append(f"{t} {d}일" + (f" ({memo})" if memo else ""))
+            parts.append(tr('leave_cal.detail_memo', type=t, days=d, memo=memo) if memo else tr('leave_cal.detail_label', type=t, days=d))
         self.detail_label.setText(f"{date_str}: " + ", ".join(parts))
diff --git a/ui/leave_view.py b/ui/leave_view.py
index 1b336af..ce41ca5 100644
--- a/ui/leave_view.py
+++ b/ui/leave_view.py
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ class LeaveView(QDialog):
         cal_button.clicked.connect(self._show_calendar)
         button_layout.addWidget(cal_button)
 
-        schedule_button = QPushButton("스케줄")
-        schedule_button.setToolTip("휴일 + 연차 + 반복 패턴 통합 보기")
+        schedule_button = QPushButton(tr('view.leave.btn_schedule'))
+        schedule_button.setToolTip(tr('view.leave.schedule_tooltip'))
         schedule_button.clicked.connect(self._show_schedule)
         button_layout.addWidget(schedule_button)
 
@@ -137,13 +137,13 @@ class LeaveView(QDialog):
             days = record['days']
             hours = days * 8
             if days == 1.0:
-                days_str = "1일"
+                days_str = tr('view.leave.used_1day')
             elif days == 0.5:
-                days_str = "0.5일 (4시간)"
+                days_str = tr('view.leave.used_half_day')
             elif hours < 8:
-                days_str = f"{days}일 ({hours}시간)"
+                days_str = tr('view.leave.used_hours_fmt', days=days, hours=hours)
             else:
-                days_str = f"{days}일"
+                days_str = tr('view.leave.used_days_fmt', days=days)
             days_item = QTableWidgetItem(days_str)
             days_item.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
             days_item.setForeground(QColor(250, 82, 82))  # 사용 = 레드 (#FA5252)
@@ -365,17 +365,17 @@ class AddLeaveDialog(QDialog):
         if date_dt.weekday() in (5, 6):  # 토/일
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "주말 등록 불가",
-                "주말에는 연차를 등록할 수 없습니다. (이미 비근무일)"
+                tr('view.leave.weekend_register_forbidden_title'),
+                tr('view.leave.weekend_register_forbidden_body')
             )
             return
         if self.db.is_holiday(date):
             holiday = self.db.get_holiday(date)
-            name = (holiday or {}).get('name', '공휴일')
+            name = (holiday or {}).get('name', tr('label.holiday_default'))
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "공휴일 등록 불가",
-                f"{date}는 이미 공휴일({name})입니다.\n연차를 차감할 필요가 없습니다."
+                tr('view.leave.holiday_register_forbidden_title'),
+                tr('view.leave.holiday_register_forbidden_body', date=date, name=name)
             )
             return
 
@@ -385,9 +385,8 @@ class AddLeaveDialog(QDialog):
         if existing_days + days > 1.0001:  # 부동소수점 여유
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "중복 등록 초과",
-                f"{date}에 이미 {existing_days:.2f}일이 등록되어 있어\n"
-                f"추가 {days:.2f}일을 더하면 1일을 초과합니다."
+                tr('view.leave.duplicate_register_title'),
+                tr('view.leave.duplicate_register_body', date=date, existing_days=existing_days, days=days)
             )
             return
 
diff --git a/ui/main_window.py b/ui/main_window.py
index bd3a747..8f576a7 100644
--- a/ui/main_window.py
+++ b/ui/main_window.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from core.notifier import Notifier
 from utils.system_tray import SystemTrayIcon
 from utils.time_format import format_hours_minutes
 from ui.styles import get_theme, ThemeColors, apply_dark_titlebar
+from utils.debug_log import dlog
 
 
 class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
@@ -72,8 +73,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         try:
             from ui.accessibility import apply_from_settings as _apply_a11y
             _apply_a11y(self.db)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"accessibility apply failed: {e}")
 
         # TimeCalculator 초기화 (설정값 반영)
         settings = self.db.get_settings()
@@ -137,6 +138,13 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.is_on_break = False  # 외출 중 여부
         self.midnight_rollover_handled = False  # 자정 넘김 처리 여부
         self.auto_lunch_applied_today = False  # auto_lunch 중복 적용 방지
+
+        # update_display 1Hz 핫패스 캐시 (설정/날짜 변경 시에만 재계산)
+        self._workday_boundary_hour_cache = None
+        self._non_working_cache_date = None
+        self._non_working_cache_value = None
+        self._full_day_leave_cache_date = None
+        self._full_day_leave_cache_value = None
         # 컨트롤러는 init_ui() 이후 알림 시스템 생성 시점에 함께 초기화
 
         # UI 초기화
@@ -159,8 +167,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             qapp = QApplication.instance()
             if qapp is not None:
                 qapp.aboutToQuit.connect(self._on_app_quit)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"aboutToQuit connect failed: {e}")
 
         # 초기 데이터 로드
         self.load_today_data()
@@ -214,14 +222,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             hour = dt.hour
             minute = dt.minute
             second = dt.second
-            period = "오전" if hour < 12 else "오후"
+            period = tr('label.am') if hour < 12 else tr('label.pm')
             display_hour = hour % 12
             if display_hour == 0:
                 display_hour = 12
-            if include_seconds:
-                return f"{period} {display_hour}:{minute:02d}:{second:02d}"
-            else:
-                return f"{period} {display_hour}:{minute:02d}"
+            minute_str = f"{minute:02d}:{second:02d}" if include_seconds else f"{minute:02d}"
+            return tr('time_format.12h', period=period, hour=display_hour, minute=minute_str)
         else:
             # 24시간 형식
             if include_seconds:
@@ -267,7 +273,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         main_layout.setContentsMargins(24, 20, 24, 16)
 
         # 1. 헤더 - 앱 타이틀
-        title_label = QLabel("퇴근시간 계산기")
+        title_label = QLabel(tr('app.title'))
         title_label.setObjectName("app_title")
         title_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
         main_layout.addWidget(title_label)
@@ -302,7 +308,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.lunch_button.customContextMenuRequested.connect(
             lambda pos: self._show_meal_context('lunch', self.lunch_button, pos)
         )
-        self.lunch_button.setToolTip("좌클릭: 토글 / 우클릭: 실제 시간 입력")
+        self.lunch_button.setToolTip(tr('tooltip.meal_click'))
 
         self.dinner_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.dinner_add'))
         self.dinner_button.setCheckable(True)
@@ -311,7 +317,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.dinner_button.customContextMenuRequested.connect(
             lambda pos: self._show_meal_context('dinner', self.dinner_button, pos)
         )
-        self.dinner_button.setToolTip("좌클릭: 토글 / 우클릭: 실제 시간 입력")
+        self.dinner_button.setToolTip(tr('tooltip.meal_click'))
 
         meal_button_layout.addWidget(self.lunch_button)
         meal_button_layout.addWidget(self.dinner_button)
@@ -321,14 +327,14 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         break_button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         break_button_layout.setSpacing(8)
 
-        self.break_out_button = QPushButton("외출")
+        self.break_out_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.break_out'))
         self.break_out_button.clicked.connect(self.break_out)
 
-        self.break_in_button = QPushButton("복귀")
+        self.break_in_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.break_in'))
         self.break_in_button.clicked.connect(self.break_in)
         self.break_in_button.setEnabled(False)
 
-        self.break_manage_button = QPushButton("외출 관리")
+        self.break_manage_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.break_manage'))
         self.break_manage_button.clicked.connect(self.show_break_management)
 
         break_button_layout.addWidget(self.break_out_button)
@@ -369,7 +375,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         stats_button = QPushButton(tr('menu.stats'))
         calendar_button = QPushButton(tr('menu.calendar'))
         report_button = QPushButton(tr('menu.daily_report'))
-        achievements_button = QPushButton("도전과제")
+        achievements_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.achievements'))
         help_button = QPushButton(tr('menu.help'))
         settings_button = QPushButton(tr('menu.settings'))
 
@@ -458,7 +464,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
     def create_clock_in_group(self) -> QGroupBox:
         """출근 정보 그룹 생성 — 출근/현재 시각을 한 줄에 나란히"""
-        group = QGroupBox("오늘의 근무")
+        group = QGroupBox(tr('group.today_work'))
 
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
         layout.setSpacing(8)
@@ -473,12 +479,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.clock_in_value.setObjectName("time_value")
         # 라벨 자체도 클릭 가능 (인라인 편집 — 출근 시간 빠른 수정)
         self.clock_in_value.setCursor(Qt.PointingHandCursor)
-        self.clock_in_value.setToolTip("클릭하여 출근 시간 수정")
+        self.clock_in_value.setToolTip(tr('tooltip.clock_in_edit'))
         self.clock_in_value.mousePressEvent = lambda e: self.manual_clock_in()
 
         clock_in_col = QVBoxLayout()
         clock_in_col.setSpacing(2)
-        clock_in_label = QLabel("출근")
+        clock_in_label = QLabel(tr('label.clock_in_time'))
         clock_in_label.setObjectName("field_label")
         clock_in_col.addWidget(clock_in_label)
 
@@ -488,7 +494,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.edit_clock_in_button = QPushButton("")
         self.edit_clock_in_button.setObjectName("btn_small")
         self.edit_clock_in_button.setFixedWidth(30)
-        self.edit_clock_in_button.setToolTip("출근 시간 수정")
+        self.edit_clock_in_button.setToolTip(tr('tooltip.clock_in_edit'))
         self.edit_clock_in_button.clicked.connect(self.manual_clock_in)
         clock_in_value_row.addWidget(self.clock_in_value)
         clock_in_value_row.addWidget(self.edit_clock_in_button)
@@ -498,7 +504,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 현재 컬럼
         self.current_time_value = QLabel("--:--:--")
         self.current_time_value.setObjectName("time_value")
-        current_col = self._build_time_column("현재", self.current_time_value)
+        current_col = self._build_time_column(tr('label.current_time'), self.current_time_value)
 
         row.addLayout(clock_in_col, 1)
         row.addLayout(current_col, 1)
@@ -509,7 +515,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
     def create_remaining_time_group(self) -> QGroupBox:
         """남은 시간 히어로 그룹 — 남은시간(가장 큼) + 진행률 + 예상 퇴근시각"""
-        self.remaining_time_group = QGroupBox("남은 시간")
+        self.remaining_time_group = QGroupBox(tr('group.remaining_time'))
 
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
         layout.setSpacing(12)
@@ -539,7 +545,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
     def create_overtime_group(self) -> QGroupBox:
         """연장근무 및 연차 현황 그룹 생성"""
-        group = QGroupBox("연장근무 및 연차 현황")
+        group = QGroupBox(tr('group.overtime_leave'))
 
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
         layout.setSpacing(10)
@@ -547,12 +553,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         # 연장근무 섹션
         overtime_header = QHBoxLayout()
-        overtime_title = QLabel("연장근무 적립")
+        overtime_title = QLabel(tr('section.overtime_earned'))
         overtime_title.setObjectName("section_title")
         overtime_header.addWidget(overtime_title)
         overtime_header.addStretch()
 
-        self.overtime_balance_label = QLabel("0분 (×0)")
+        self.overtime_balance_label = QLabel(tr('label.overtime_balance_zero'))
         self.overtime_balance_label.setObjectName("badge_overtime")
         overtime_header.addWidget(self.overtime_balance_label)
         layout.addLayout(overtime_header)
@@ -560,11 +566,11 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 연장근무 사용 버튼 (1줄)
         overtime_button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         overtime_button_layout.setSpacing(4)
-        use_30min_button = QPushButton("30분")
-        use_1hour_button = QPushButton("1시간")
-        use_2hour_button = QPushButton("2시간")
-        use_custom_overtime_button = QPushButton("직접입력")
-        overtime_detail_button = QPushButton("상세")
+        use_30min_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.use_30min'))
+        use_1hour_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.use_1hour'))
+        use_2hour_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.use_2hour'))
+        use_custom_overtime_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.custom_input'))
+        overtime_detail_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.detail'))
 
         for btn in [use_30min_button, use_1hour_button, use_2hour_button, use_custom_overtime_button, overtime_detail_button]:
             btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
@@ -585,12 +591,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         # 연차 섹션
         leave_header = QHBoxLayout()
-        leave_title = QLabel("연차")
+        leave_title = QLabel(tr('section.leave'))
         leave_title.setObjectName("section_title")
         leave_header.addWidget(leave_title)
         leave_header.addStretch()
 
-        self.leave_balance_label = QLabel("잔여: 0일")
+        self.leave_balance_label = QLabel(tr('label.leave_balance_zero'))
         self.leave_balance_label.setObjectName("badge_leave")
         leave_header.addWidget(self.leave_balance_label)
         layout.addLayout(leave_header)
@@ -598,11 +604,11 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 연차 사용 버튼 (1줄)
         leave_button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         leave_button_layout.setSpacing(4)
-        use_30min_leave_button = QPushButton("30분")
-        use_1hour_leave_button = QPushButton("1시간")
-        use_half_leave_button = QPushButton("반차")
-        use_full_leave_button = QPushButton("연차")
-        leave_detail_button = QPushButton("상세")
+        use_30min_leave_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.use_30min'))
+        use_1hour_leave_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.use_1hour'))
+        use_half_leave_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.half_leave'))
+        use_full_leave_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.full_leave'))
+        leave_detail_button = QPushButton(tr('btn.detail'))
 
         for btn in [use_30min_leave_button, use_1hour_leave_button, use_half_leave_button, use_full_leave_button, leave_detail_button]:
             btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
@@ -623,12 +629,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         # 총합 시간 표시
         total_header = QHBoxLayout()
-        total_title = QLabel("총 보유 시간")
+        total_title = QLabel(tr('section.total_time'))
         total_title.setObjectName("section_title")
         total_header.addWidget(total_title)
         total_header.addStretch()
 
-        self.total_time_label = QLabel("0시간 0분")
+        self.total_time_label = QLabel(tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=0, minutes=0))
         self.total_time_label.setObjectName("badge_total")
         total_header.addWidget(self.total_time_label)
         layout.addLayout(total_header)
@@ -661,14 +667,14 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             if today_record.get('clock_out'):
                 self.is_clocked_in = False
                 self.clock_out_button.setEnabled(True)
-                self.clock_out_button.setText("퇴근 취소")
+                self.clock_out_button.setText(tr('btn.clock_out_cancel'))
 
                 # 퇴근 완료 상태에서도 출퇴근 시간은 표시
                 self.clock_in_value.setText(self.format_time(self.clock_in_time, include_seconds=True))
             else:
                 # 출근 중이면 퇴근하기 버튼
                 self.clock_out_button.setEnabled(True)
-                self.clock_out_button.setText("퇴근하기")
+                self.clock_out_button.setText(tr('btn.clock_out'))
 
         else:
             # 출근 기록 없음 — 종일 연차일이면 자동 감지·수동 입력 모두 스킵
@@ -702,19 +708,15 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "자동 출근 감지",
-                    f"출근 시간이 자동으로 감지되었습니다.\n"
-                    f"출근: {clock_in_str}\n\n"
-                    f"잘못된 경우 수정할 수 있습니다."
+                    tr('msg.auto_clock_in.title'),
+                    tr('msg.auto_clock_in.body', time=clock_in_str)
                 )
             else:
                 # 자동 감지 실패 - 수동 입력 요청
                 reply = QMessageBox.question(
                     self,
-                    "출근 시간 입력",
-                    "출근 시간을 자동으로 감지하지 못했습니다.\n\n"
-                    "수동으로 입력하시겠습니까?\n"
-                    "(관리자 권한으로 실행하면 자동 감지됩니다)",
+                    tr('msg.manual_clock_in.title'),
+                    tr('msg.manual_clock_in.body'),
                     QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
                 )
 
@@ -746,8 +748,10 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 현재 시간은 항상 업데이트 (출근 전에도 표시)
         self._set_text_if_changed(self.current_time_value, self.format_time(now, include_seconds=True))
 
-        # 근무일 경계 시간 확인
-        workday_boundary_hour = int(self.db.get_setting(WORKDAY_BOUNDARY_HOUR, '6'))
+        # 근무일 경계 시간 확인 (캐시, 설정 변경 시 reload_settings에서 무효화)
+        if self._workday_boundary_hour_cache is None:
+            self._workday_boundary_hour_cache = int(self.db.get_setting(WORKDAY_BOUNDARY_HOUR, '6'))
+        workday_boundary_hour = self._workday_boundary_hour_cache
 
         # 새 근무일 체크: 퇴근 완료 상태에서 날짜가 바뀌고 경계 시간 이후면 새 출근 유도
         if not self.is_clocked_in and self.clock_in_time:
@@ -760,7 +764,10 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # (수동 출근 override는 handle_clock_in 경로에서 별도 처리)
         if not self.is_clocked_in:
             today_str = now.date().isoformat()
-            if self.db.has_full_day_leave(today_str):
+            if self._full_day_leave_cache_date != now.date():
+                self._full_day_leave_cache_value = self.db.has_full_day_leave(today_str)
+                self._full_day_leave_cache_date = now.date()
+            if self._full_day_leave_cache_value:
                 self._render_full_day_leave_state(today_str)
                 return
 
@@ -792,8 +799,14 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         total_time_off = overtime_used_today + leave_used_today
 
         # 휴일/주말 또는 종일연차 override → 출근 직후부터 모든 시간이 연장근무로 흐름.
-        is_non_working = self.time_calc.is_non_working_day(now, self.db)
-        is_full_day_leave = self.db.has_full_day_leave(now.date().isoformat())
+        if self._non_working_cache_date != now.date():
+            self._non_working_cache_value = self.time_calc.is_non_working_day(now, self.db)
+            self._non_working_cache_date = now.date()
+        is_non_working = self._non_working_cache_value
+        if self._full_day_leave_cache_date != now.date():
+            self._full_day_leave_cache_value = self.db.has_full_day_leave(now.date().isoformat())
+            self._full_day_leave_cache_date = now.date()
+        is_full_day_leave = self._full_day_leave_cache_value
         is_holiday = is_non_working or is_full_day_leave
 
         if is_holiday:
@@ -826,13 +839,13 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             # 추가 근무 중 (휴일/연차 override면 출근 직후부터 항상 이 분기)
             day_type = self.time_calc.get_day_type(now, self.db)
             if is_full_day_leave and not is_non_working:
-                self.remaining_time_group.setTitle("연차 override (전체 적립)")
+                self.remaining_time_group.setTitle(tr('label.full_day_leave_override'))
             elif day_type == 'weekend':
-                self.remaining_time_group.setTitle("주말 근무 (전체 적립)")
+                self.remaining_time_group.setTitle(tr('label.weekend_work'))
             elif day_type == 'holiday':
-                self.remaining_time_group.setTitle("공휴일 근무 (전체 적립)")
+                self.remaining_time_group.setTitle(tr('label.holiday_work'))
             else:
-                self.remaining_time_group.setTitle("추가 근무 중")
+                self.remaining_time_group.setTitle(tr('label.overtime_progress'))
             # + 기호로 표시
             total_seconds = int(abs(remaining.total_seconds()))
             hours = total_seconds // 3600
@@ -844,7 +857,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         else:
             # 정상 근무 중 — 아직 퇴근 전이므로 기본 텍스트 색
-            self.remaining_time_group.setTitle("남은 시간")
+            self.remaining_time_group.setTitle(tr('group.remaining_time'))
             remaining_str = self.time_calc.format_time_delta(remaining)
             self.remaining_time_label.setStyleSheet(f"color: {ThemeColors.get('text_primary')};")
 
@@ -872,7 +885,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             expected_clock_out = self.clock_in_time
             self._set_text_if_changed(
                 self.expected_time_label,
-                "휴일 근무 (정해진 퇴근시각 없음)"
+                tr('label.holiday_work_no_clock_out')
             )
         else:
             expected_clock_out = self.time_calc.calculate_clock_out_time(
@@ -885,7 +898,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             expected_clock_out -= timedelta(minutes=total_time_off)
             self._set_text_if_changed(
                 self.expected_time_label,
-                f"예상 퇴근: {self.format_time(expected_clock_out)}"
+                f"{tr('label.expected_clock_out_prefix')}{self.format_time(expected_clock_out)}"
             )
 
         # 알림은 NotificationOrchestrator로 위임 (5분 throttle 포함)
@@ -905,10 +918,11 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
     def update_date_label(self):
         """날짜 라벨 업데이트"""
         now = datetime.now()
-        weekday_kr = ['월', '화', '수', '목', '금', '토', '일']
-        weekday = weekday_kr[now.weekday()]
-        date_str = f"{now.year}년 {now.month}월 {now.day}일 {weekday}요일"
-        self.date_label.setText(date_str)
+        weekday_keys = ['label.weekday_mon', 'label.weekday_tue', 'label.weekday_wed',
+                        'label.weekday_thu', 'label.weekday_fri', 'label.weekday_sat',
+                        'label.weekday_sun']
+        weekday = tr(weekday_keys[now.weekday()])
+        self.date_label.setText(tr('date_format.full', year=now.year, month=now.month, day=now.day, weekday=weekday))
 
     def _render_full_day_leave_state(self, today_str: str) -> None:
         """오늘이 종일 연차이고 출근 안 한 상태 → 카운트다운 대신 휴가 카드 표시."""
@@ -916,28 +930,28 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 가장 큰 일수의 leave_type을 대표로 표시 (보통 1.0짜리 1건)
         if records:
             primary = max(records, key=lambda r: r.get('days') or 0)
-            label = primary.get('leave_type') or '연차'
+            label = primary.get('leave_type') or tr('leave.type.annual')
             memo = primary.get('memo') or ''
         else:
-            label = '연차'
+            label = tr('leave.type.annual')
             memo = ''
 
-        self.remaining_time_group.setTitle("오늘은 휴가")
-        self.remaining_time_label.setText("연차 사용 중")
+        self.remaining_time_group.setTitle(tr('label.full_day_leave_today'))
+        self.remaining_time_label.setText(tr('label.full_day_leave_in_use'))
         self.remaining_time_label.setStyleSheet(
             f"color: {ThemeColors.get('status_normal')}; font-size: 18px;"
         )
         self.progress_bar.setValue(100)
         if memo:
             self._set_text_if_changed(self.expected_time_label,
-                                        f"{label} — {memo}")
+                                        tr('label.full_day_leave_format', type=label, memo=memo))
         else:
             self._set_text_if_changed(self.expected_time_label,
-                                        f"{label}")
+                                        label)
         # 트레이/미니 위젯
-        self.tray_icon.update_time_display("🌴 휴가")
+        self.tray_icon.update_time_display(tr('label.vacation'))
         if getattr(self, '_mini_widget', None) is not None and self._mini_widget.isVisible():
-            self._mini_widget.update_remaining("🌴 휴가")
+            self._mini_widget.update_remaining(tr('label.vacation'))
 
     def toggle_lunch_break(self):
         """점심시간 토글 — MealController 위임."""
@@ -962,7 +976,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         hours = balance_minutes // 60
         mins = balance_minutes % 60
-        self.overtime_balance_label.setText(f"{hours}시간 {mins}분")
+        self.overtime_balance_label.setText(tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=hours, minutes=mins))
         self.update_total_time()
 
     def update_leave_balance(self):
@@ -970,7 +984,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         balance = self.db.get_leave_balance()
         balance_hours = int(balance * 8)
         balance_mins = int((balance * 8 % 1) * 60)
-        self.leave_balance_label.setText(f"{balance_hours}시간 {balance_mins}분")
+        self.leave_balance_label.setText(tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=balance_hours, minutes=balance_mins))
         self.update_total_time()
 
     def update_total_time(self):
@@ -987,7 +1001,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         total_hours = total_minutes // 60
         total_mins = total_minutes % 60
 
-        self.total_time_label.setText(f"{total_hours}시간 {total_mins}분")
+        self.total_time_label.setText(tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=total_hours, minutes=total_mins))
 
     def use_overtime(self, minutes: int):
         """연장근무 사용 (음수 잔액 허용 - 선사용 후적립 가능)"""
@@ -998,21 +1012,15 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if new_balance < 0:
             reply = QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "연장근무 사용 (마이너스 전환)",
-                f"{minutes}분의 연장근무를 사용하시겠습니까?\n\n"
-                f"현재 잔액: {balance}분\n"
-                f"사용 후 잔액: {new_balance}분 (마이너스)\n\n"
-                f"⚠️ 잔액이 마이너스가 됩니다.\n"
-                f"나중에 초과근무로 갚아야 합니다.",
+                tr('msg.overtime_use_minus.title'),
+                tr('msg.overtime_use_minus.body', minutes=minutes, balance=balance, new_balance=new_balance),
                 QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
             )
         else:
             reply = QMessageBox.question(
                 self,
-                "연장근무 사용",
-                f"{minutes}분의 연장근무를 사용하시겠습니까?\n\n"
-                f"현재 잔액: {balance}분\n"
-                f"사용 후 잔액: {new_balance}분",
+                tr('msg.overtime_use.title'),
+                tr('msg.overtime_use.body', minutes=minutes, balance=balance, new_balance=new_balance),
                 QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
             )
 
@@ -1032,14 +1040,14 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "사용 완료",
-                    f"{minutes}분이 사용되었습니다."
+                    tr('msg.overtime_use_done.title'),
+                    tr('msg.overtime_use_done.body', minutes=minutes)
                 )
                 self.update_overtime_balance()
             except Exception as e:
                 QMessageBox.warning(
                     self,
-                    "사용 실패",
+                    tr('msg.overtime_use_fail.title'),
                     str(e)
                 )
                 self.update_overtime_balance()
@@ -1059,10 +1067,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if balance < days:
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "잔액 부족",
-                f"사용 가능한 연차가 부족합니다.\n"
-                f"현재 잔액: {balance}일\n"
-                f"요청: {days}일"
+                tr('msg.leave_short.title'),
+                tr('msg.leave_short.body', balance=balance, days=days)
             )
             return
 
@@ -1073,8 +1079,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         today = date.today().isoformat()
         date_str, ok = QInputDialog.getText(
             self,
-            "연차 사용 날짜",
-            "사용 날짜를 입력하세요 (YYYY-MM-DD):",
+            tr('msg.leave_use_date.title'),
+            tr('msg.leave_use_date.body'),
             QLineEdit.Normal,
             today
         )
@@ -1088,16 +1094,16 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         except ValueError:
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "입력 오류",
-                "날짜 형식이 잘못되었습니다.\n올바른 형식: YYYY-MM-DD (예: 2024-01-15)"
+                tr('msg.input_error.title'),
+                tr('msg.input_error.date_format')
             )
             return
 
         # 메모 입력
         memo, ok = QInputDialog.getText(
             self,
-            "연차 사유",
-            "사유를 입력하세요 (선택):",
+            tr('msg.leave_use_reason.title'),
+            tr('msg.leave_use_reason.body'),
             QLineEdit.Normal,
             ""
         )
@@ -1107,27 +1113,26 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         # 사용 확인
         if days == 1.0:
-            leave_type = "연차"
-            days_str = "1일"
+            leave_type = tr('leave.type.annual')
+            days_str = tr('leave.use.full_day')
         elif days == 0.5:
-            leave_type = "반차"
-            days_str = "0.5일 (4시간)"
+            leave_type = tr('view.leave.type_half')
+            days_str = tr('leave.use.half_day')
         elif days == 0.125:
-            leave_type = "시간연차"
-            days_str = "0.125일 (1시간)"
+            leave_type = tr('leave.type.hourly_leave')
+            days_str = tr('leave.use.hour_1')
         elif days == 0.0625:
-            leave_type = "시간연차"
-            days_str = "0.0625일 (30분)"
+            leave_type = tr('leave.type.hourly_leave')
+            days_str = tr('leave.use.min_30')
         else:
-            leave_type = "연차"
+            leave_type = tr('leave.type.annual')
             hours = days * 8
-            days_str = f"{days}일 ({hours}시간)"
+            days_str = tr('leave.use.custom', days=days, hours=hours)
 
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "연차 사용",
-            f"{date_str}에 {leave_type} {days_str}를 사용하시겠습니까?\n\n"
-            f"사용 후 잔액: {balance - days}일",
+            tr('msg.leave_use.title'),
+            tr('msg.leave_use_confirm.body', date=date_str, type=leave_type, days=days_str, balance_after=balance - days),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
         )
 
@@ -1136,15 +1141,15 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 self.db.use_leave(days, date_str, leave_type, memo or None)
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "사용 완료",
-                    f"{leave_type}가 사용되었습니다."
+                    tr('msg.leave_use_done.title'),
+                    tr('msg.leave_use_done.body', type=leave_type)
                 )
                 self.update_leave_balance()
             except ValueError as e:
                 # 잔액 부족 등 검증 오류
                 QMessageBox.warning(
                     self,
-                    "사용 불가",
+                    tr('msg.leave_use_impossible.title'),
                     str(e)
                 )
                 self.update_leave_balance()  # 최신 잔액으로 새로고침
@@ -1152,8 +1157,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 # 기타 데이터베이스 오류
                 QMessageBox.critical(
                     self,
-                    "오류",
-                    f"연차 사용 중 오류가 발생했습니다:\n{str(e)}"
+                    tr('msg.error.title'),
+                    tr('msg.error.body', action=tr('msg.leave_use.title'), error=str(e))
                 )
 
     def use_custom_overtime(self):
@@ -1165,8 +1170,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 사용할 시간 입력 (30분 단위)
         hours, ok = QInputDialog.getDouble(
             self,
-            "시간 입력",
-            "사용할 시간을 입력하세요 (0.5시간 단위):\n예) 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4",
+            tr('msg.input.title'),
+            tr('msg.overtime_input.body'),
             0.5,
             0.5,
             24.0,
@@ -1183,8 +1188,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if minutes % 30 != 0:
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "입력 오류",
-                "30분 단위로만 사용 가능합니다.\n예) 0.5시간, 1시간, 1.5시간"
+                tr('msg.input_error.title'),
+                tr('msg.input_error.overtime_unit')
             )
             return
 
@@ -1200,8 +1205,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 사용할 시간 입력 (시간 단위)
         hours, ok = QInputDialog.getDouble(
             self,
-            "시간 입력",
-            "사용할 시간을 입력하세요 (0.5시간 단위):\n예) 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8",
+            tr('msg.input.title'),
+            tr('msg.leave_input.body'),
             0.5,
             0.5,
             80.0,
@@ -1217,10 +1222,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if days > balance:
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "잔액 부족",
-                f"사용 가능한 연차가 부족합니다.\n"
-                f"현재 잔액: {balance}일 ({balance * 8}시간)\n"
-                f"요청: {days}일 ({hours}시간)"
+                tr('msg.leave_short.title'),
+                tr('msg.leave_short_hours.body', balance=balance, balance_hours=int(balance * 8), days=days, hours=hours)
             )
             return
 
@@ -1254,9 +1257,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 확인 메시지
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "퇴근 확인",
-            f"퇴근 처리하시겠습니까?\n\n"
-            f"퇴근 시간: {now.strftime('%H:%M:%S')}",
+            tr('msg.clock_out_confirm.title'),
+            tr('msg.clock_out_confirm.body', time=now.strftime('%H:%M:%S')),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
         )
 
@@ -1308,10 +1310,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             actual_str = format_hours_minutes(overtime_actual, omit_zero_minutes=True)
             ask = QMessageBox.question(
                 self,
-                "연장근무 적립 확인",
-                f"연장근무 {actual_str} 발생, {time_str} 적립 대상입니다.\n\n"
-                f"적립하시겠습니까?\n"
-                f"(아니오 선택 시 이번 퇴근분은 적립되지 않습니다)",
+                tr('msg.auto_overtime_confirm.title'),
+                tr('msg.auto_overtime_confirm.body', actual=actual_str, earned=time_str),
                 QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
             )
             if ask != QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -1338,26 +1338,31 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.is_clocked_in = False
         self.midnight_rollover_handled = False  # 다음날을 위해 플래그 리셋
         self.clock_out_button.setEnabled(True)
-        self.clock_out_button.setText("퇴근 취소")
+        self.clock_out_button.setText(tr('btn.clock_out_cancel'))
 
         # 결과 메시지
-        msg = f"퇴근 처리되었습니다!\n\n"
         if day_type == 'weekend':
-            msg += f"[주말 근무]\n"
+            type_info = tr('label.weekend_work_tag') + '\n'
         elif day_type == 'holiday':
             holiday_info = self.db.get_holiday(today)
-            holiday_name = holiday_info['name'] if holiday_info else "공휴일"
-            msg += f"[공휴일 근무 - {holiday_name}]\n"
-        msg += f"총 근무시간: {total_hours:.1f}시간\n"
+            holiday_name = holiday_info['name'] if holiday_info else tr('label.holiday_default')
+            type_info = tr('label.holiday_work_tag', name=holiday_name) + '\n'
+        else:
+            type_info = ''
 
+        overtime_info = ''
         if overtime_earned > 0:
             tokens, time_str = self.time_calc.format_overtime_tokens(overtime_earned)
             if is_non_working_day:
-                msg += f"전체 적립: {time_str} (🕐×{tokens})"
+                overtime_info = tr('label.full_earned_msg', time=time_str, tokens=tokens)
             else:
-                msg += f"연장근무 적립: {time_str} (🕐×{tokens})"
+                overtime_info = tr('label.overtime_earned_msg', time=time_str, tokens=tokens)
 
-        QMessageBox.information(self, "퇴근 완료", msg)
+        msg = tr('msg.clock_out_done.body',
+                 type_info=type_info,
+                 total_work=tr('label.total_work_hours', hours=total_hours),
+                 overtime_info=overtime_info)
+        QMessageBox.information(self, tr('msg.clock_out_done.title'), msg)
 
         # 잔액 업데이트
         self.update_overtime_balance()
@@ -1373,9 +1378,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 확인 대화상자
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "퇴근 취소",
-            "퇴근을 취소하시겠습니까?\n\n"
-            "퇴근 시간과 연장근무 적립 내역이 삭제됩니다.",
+            tr('btn.clock_out_cancel'),
+            tr('msg.cancel_clock_out_confirm.body'),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
         )
 
@@ -1391,28 +1395,28 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 # 상태 복원
                 self.is_clocked_in = True
                 self.clock_out_button.setEnabled(True)
-                self.clock_out_button.setText("퇴근하기")
+                self.clock_out_button.setText(tr('btn.clock_out'))
 
                 # 잔액 업데이트
                 self.update_overtime_balance()
 
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "퇴근 취소 완료",
-                    "퇴근이 취소되었습니다.\n다시 근무 중 상태로 전환되었습니다."
+                    tr('msg.cancel_clock_out_done.title'),
+                    tr('msg.cancel_clock_out_done.body')
                 )
             else:
                 QMessageBox.warning(
                     self,
-                    "취소 실패",
-                    "퇴근 기록을 찾을 수 없습니다."
+                    tr('msg.cancel_clock_out_fail.title'),
+                    tr('msg.cancel_clock_out_fail.body')
                 )
 
         except Exception as e:
             QMessageBox.critical(
                 self,
-                "오류",
-                f"퇴근 취소 중 오류가 발생했습니다:\n{str(e)}"
+                tr('msg.error.title'),
+                tr('msg.error.body', action=tr('btn.clock_out_cancel'), error=str(e))
             )
 
     def _apply_auto_overtime_gate(self, overtime_earned: int) -> int:
@@ -1540,11 +1544,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         QMessageBox.information(
             self,
-            "근무일 경계 경과",
-            f"근무일 경계 시간({workday_boundary_hour}시)이 지나 자동으로 처리되었습니다.\n\n"
-            f"전날 근무: {before_boundary_str} 퇴근 처리\n"
-            f"금일 근무: {boundary_time_str} 출근 처리\n\n"
-            f"자정~{workday_boundary_hour}시 전까지의 야근은 전날 초과근무로 인정됩니다."
+            tr('msg.workday_boundary.title'),
+            tr('msg.workday_boundary.body', hour=workday_boundary_hour, before=before_boundary_str, boundary=boundary_time_str)
         )
 
         # 화면 업데이트
@@ -1567,9 +1568,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 새 근무일 알림 및 출근 처리
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "새 근무일",
-            f"새로운 근무일입니다. ({today_str})\n\n"
-            f"출근 처리를 하시겠습니까?",
+            tr('msg.new_workday.title'),
+            tr('msg.new_workday.body', date=today_str),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
         )
 
@@ -1589,7 +1589,22 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             self.clock_in_time = None
             self.is_clocked_in = False
             self.clock_out_button.setEnabled(False)
-            self.clock_out_button.setText("퇴근하기")
+            self.clock_out_button.setText(tr('btn.clock_out'))
+
+    def _get_break_minutes_for_date(self, date_str: str) -> int:
+        """특정 날짜의 총 외출 시간(분)을 안전하게 조회."""
+        try:
+            with self.db._conn() as conn:
+                cursor = conn.cursor()
+                cursor.execute('''
+                    SELECT COALESCE(SUM(total_minutes), 0)
+                    FROM break_records
+                    WHERE date = ?
+                ''', (date_str,))
+                return int(cursor.fetchone()[0] or 0)
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"_get_break_minutes_for_date failed for {date_str}: {e}")
+            return 0
 
     def auto_clock_out_previous_days(self):
         """이전 퇴근 기록들(퇴근 안 한)에 대해 자동으로 종료 시간 등록"""
@@ -1600,10 +1615,17 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         for days_ago in range(1, 31):  # 1일 전부터 30일 전까지 확인
             check_date = (today - timedelta(days=days_ago)).isoformat()
-            record = self.db.get_work_record(check_date)
+            try:
+                record = self.db.get_work_record(check_date)
+            except Exception as e:
+                dlog(f"auto_clock_out: get_work_record failed for {check_date}: {e}")
+                continue
 
             # 출근은 했지만 퇴근을 안 한 기록 발견
-            if record and record.get('clock_in') and not record.get('clock_out'):
+            if not (record and record.get('clock_in') and not record.get('clock_out')):
+                continue
+
+            try:
                 # 해당 날짜의 종료 시간 감지
                 check_date_obj = today - timedelta(days=days_ago)
                 shutdown_time = self.event_monitor.get_shutdown_time_by_date(check_date_obj)
@@ -1621,15 +1643,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                     day_type = self.time_calc.get_day_type(clock_in_time, self.db)
 
                     # 외출 시간 가져오기
-                    conn = self.db.get_connection()
-                    cursor = conn.cursor()
-                    cursor.execute('''
-                        SELECT SUM(total_minutes)
-                        FROM break_records
-                        WHERE date = ?
-                    ''', (check_date,))
-                    break_minutes = cursor.fetchone()[0] or 0
-                    conn.close()
+                    break_minutes = self._get_break_minutes_for_date(check_date)
 
                     # 총 근무시간 계산 (원본 시간)
                     work_duration = shutdown_time - clock_in_time
@@ -1696,15 +1710,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                     day_type = self.time_calc.get_day_type(clock_in_time, self.db)
 
                     # 외출 시간 가져오기
-                    conn = self.db.get_connection()
-                    cursor = conn.cursor()
-                    cursor.execute('''
-                        SELECT SUM(total_minutes)
-                        FROM break_records
-                        WHERE date = ?
-                    ''', (check_date,))
-                    break_minutes = cursor.fetchone()[0] or 0
-                    conn.close()
+                    break_minutes = self._get_break_minutes_for_date(check_date)
 
                     # 총 근무시간 계산
                     work_duration = fallback_time - clock_in_time
@@ -1750,6 +1756,9 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
                     day_tag = " (주말)" if day_type == 'weekend' else (" (공휴일)" if day_type == 'holiday' else "")
                     print(f"{check_date}{day_tag} 퇴근 자동 등록 (fallback): 23:59:59 (총 {total_hours:.1f}시간, 적립 {overtime_earned}분)")
+            except Exception as e:
+                dlog(f"auto_clock_out: processing failed for {check_date}: {e}")
+                continue
 
     def manual_clock_in(self):
         """수동 출근 시간 입력"""
@@ -1758,10 +1767,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if self.db.has_full_day_leave(today_str):
             reply = QMessageBox.question(
                 self,
-                "종일 연차 등록됨",
-                "오늘은 종일 연차로 등록되어 있습니다.\n"
-                "그래도 출근하시겠어요?\n\n"
-                "(출근 시 모든 시간이 연장근무로 적립됩니다.)",
+                tr('msg.full_day_leave.title'),
+                tr('msg.full_day_leave.body'),
                 QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
             )
             if reply != QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -1807,12 +1814,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 # UI 업데이트
                 self.clock_in_value.setText(clock_in_str)
                 self.clock_out_button.setEnabled(True)
-                self.clock_out_button.setText("퇴근하기")
+                self.clock_out_button.setText(tr('btn.clock_out'))
 
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "출근 시간 설정",
-                    f"출근 시간이 설정되었습니다.\n\n출근: {clock_in_str}"
+                    tr('msg.clock_in_set.title'),
+                    tr('msg.clock_in_set.body', time=clock_in_str)
                 )
 
                 # Discord 웹훅 (옵션)
@@ -1833,8 +1840,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         try:
             cur = self.db.get_setting_int('calendar_view_count', 0)
             self.db.set_setting('calendar_view_count', str(cur + 1))
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"calendar view counter failed: {e}")
         dialog = CalendarView(self, self.db)
         dialog.exec_()
 
@@ -1888,8 +1895,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         try:
             from core.achievements import evaluate_all
             evaluate_all(self.db)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"achievements evaluate failed: {e}")
         dialog = AchievementsView(self.db, self)
         dialog.exec_()
 
@@ -1898,14 +1905,14 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMenu
         from ui.meal_time_dialog import MealTimeDialog
         menu = QMenu(self)
-        title = "점심" if meal_type == 'lunch' else "저녁"
-        edit_action = menu.addAction(f"{title} 실제 시간 입력...")
+        title = tr('label.lunch_short') if meal_type == 'lunch' else tr('label.dinner_short')
+        edit_action = menu.addAction(tr('msg.meal_actual_input', meal=title))
         global_pos = button.mapToGlobal(pos)
         action = menu.exec_(global_pos)
         if action != edit_action:
             return
         if not self.is_clocked_in:
-            QMessageBox.warning(self, "출근 필요", "출근 후에만 식사 시간을 기록할 수 있습니다.")
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('msg.meal_need_clock_in.title'), tr('msg.meal_need_clock_in.body'))
             return
         default_min = (self.time_calc.lunch_duration_minutes
                         if meal_type == 'lunch'
@@ -1932,8 +1939,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             self.dinner_button.setChecked(True)
             self.update_dinner_status()
             self.db.update_dinner_break(today, True)
-        QMessageBox.information(self, "기록 완료",
-                                 f"{title} {minutes}분 기록되었습니다.\n({start} ~ {end})")
+        QMessageBox.information(self, tr('msg.meal_recorded.title'),
+                                 tr('msg.meal_recorded.body', meal=title, minutes=minutes, start=start, end=end))
 
     def show_onboarding(self):
         """온보딩 위저드 다시 보기."""
@@ -1941,7 +1948,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         wizard = OnboardingWizard(self.db, self)
         if wizard.exec_():
             self.reload_settings()
-            QMessageBox.information(self, "설정 업데이트", "변경된 설정이 즉시 반영되었습니다.")
+            QMessageBox.information(self, tr('msg.settings_updated.title'), tr('msg.settings_updated.body'))
 
     # ===== Discord 웹훅 push (옵션, 실패 silent) =====
     def _show_today_summary(self, total_hours, overtime_actual, overtime_earned, break_minutes):
@@ -1963,7 +1970,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                     from core.salary import estimate_pay, format_won
                     fake_record = {'total_hours': total_hours, 'overtime_minutes': overtime_actual}
                     result = estimate_pay([fake_record], wage, rate)
-                    salary_text = f"오늘 추정: {format_won(result['total'])}"
+                    salary_text = tr('label.today_estimate', amount=format_won(result['total']))
             except (ValueError, TypeError):
                 pass
 
@@ -2025,18 +2032,15 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 return
             # 사용자가 명시적으로 트리거한 경우만 메시지 표시
             messages = {
-                UP_TO_DATE: ("업데이트 확인", f"현재 최신 버전입니다 (v{__version__})."),
-                NETWORK_ERROR: ("연결 실패",
-                                 "업데이트 서버에 연결할 수 없습니다.\n"
-                                 "네트워크 상태를 확인해 주세요."),
-                NO_RELEASE: ("릴리스 없음",
-                              "업데이트 저장소에서 릴리스를 찾을 수 없습니다.\n"
-                              "(저장소 비공개 또는 첫 릴리스 전)"),
-                NO_ASSET: ("자산 누락",
-                            "새 버전은 있지만 다운로드 가능한 main.exe 자산이 없습니다.\n"
-                            "관리자에게 문의하세요."),
+                UP_TO_DATE: (tr('update.check_title'), tr('update.up_to_date', version=__version__)),
+                NETWORK_ERROR: (tr('msg.error.title'),
+                                 tr('update.network_error')),
+                NO_RELEASE: (tr('msg.no_data.title'),
+                              tr('update.no_release')),
+                NO_ASSET: (tr('msg.confirm_delete.title'),
+                            tr('update.no_asset')),
             }
-            title, body = messages.get(reason, ("업데이트 확인", "알 수 없는 응답입니다."))
+            title, body = messages.get(reason, (tr('update.check_title'), tr('update.unknown')))
             QMessageBox.information(self, title, body)
             return
 
@@ -2044,17 +2048,15 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if not getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
             QMessageBox.information(
                 self,
-                "새 버전 발견",
-                f"새 버전 {info.version}이 있습니다.\n"
-                "(개발 환경에서는 자동 적용 불가 — git pull 또는 빌드 후 사용)"
+                tr('update.new_version_title'),
+                tr('update.new_found_dev', version=info.version)
             )
             return
 
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "새 버전 발견",
-            f"현재: v{__version__}\n새 버전: {info.version}\n\n"
-            f"릴리스 노트:\n{info.notes[:500]}\n\n지금 다운로드 후 업데이트할까요?",
+            tr('update.new_version_title'),
+            tr('update.new_found', current=__version__, new=info.version, notes=info.notes[:500]),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
         )
         if reply != QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -2062,8 +2064,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         # 다운로드 (모달 진행 다이얼로그)
         from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QProgressDialog
-        progress = QProgressDialog("다운로드 중...", "취소", 0, 100, self)
-        progress.setWindowTitle("업데이트 다운로드")
+        progress = QProgressDialog(tr('update.downloading'), tr('btn.cancel'), 0, 100, self)
+        progress.setWindowTitle(tr('update.download_title'))
         progress.setWindowModality(Qt.WindowModal)
         progress.setMinimumDuration(0)
 
@@ -2076,18 +2078,18 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         progress.close()
 
         if new_exe is None:
-            QMessageBox.critical(self, "다운로드 실패", "새 버전 다운로드 중 오류가 발생했습니다.")
+            QMessageBox.critical(self, tr('msg.error.title'), tr('update.download_failed'))
             return
 
         if not apply_update(new_exe):
             QMessageBox.critical(
-                self, "업데이트 실패",
-                "updater.exe를 찾을 수 없거나 실행에 실패했습니다."
+                self, tr('update.apply_failed_title'),
+                tr('update.updater_failed')
             )
             return
 
         # updater.exe가 메인 종료를 기다리고 있음 → 즉시 종료
-        QMessageBox.information(self, "재시작", "업데이트 적용을 위해 프로그램이 종료됩니다.")
+        QMessageBox.information(self, tr('msg.error.title'), tr('update.restart'))
         QApplication.quit()
 
     def show_mini_widget(self):
@@ -2107,12 +2109,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         """외출 처리. silent=True면 다이얼로그 없이 (잠금 자동 외출용)."""
         if not self.is_clocked_in:
             if not silent:
-                QMessageBox.warning(self, "외출 불가", "출근하지 않은 상태입니다.")
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('break.cannot_no_clock_in.title'), tr('break.cannot_no_clock_in.body'))
             return
 
         if self.is_on_break:
             if not silent:
-                QMessageBox.warning(self, "외출 불가", "이미 외출 중입니다.")
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('break.cannot_no_clock_in.title'), tr('break.cannot_already_on_break.body'))
             return
 
         now = datetime.now()
@@ -2122,11 +2124,11 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         today_record = self.db.get_today_record()
         if not today_record:
             if not silent:
-                QMessageBox.warning(self, "외출 불가", "출근 기록을 찾을 수 없습니다.")
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('break.cannot_no_clock_in.title'), tr('break.cannot_no_record.body'))
             return
 
         work_record_id = today_record['id']
-        reason = "화면 잠금" if silent else None
+        reason = tr('break.reason.lock') if silent else None
         self.db.add_break_record(work_record_id, today, break_out_str, reason)
 
         self.is_on_break = True
@@ -2136,7 +2138,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.update_break_status()
 
         if not silent:
-            QMessageBox.information(self, "외출", f"외출 시간: {break_out_str}")
+            QMessageBox.information(self, tr('break.started.title'), tr('break.started.body', time=break_out_str))
 
     def break_in(self, silent: bool = False):
         """복귀 처리. silent=True면 다이얼로그 없이."""
@@ -2149,12 +2151,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         if not active_break:
             if not silent:
-                QMessageBox.warning(self, "복귀 불가", "진행 중인 외출 기록을 찾을 수 없습니다.")
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('msg.error.title'), tr('break.cannot_return_no_active.body'))
             return
 
         if not active_break.get('break_out'):
             if not silent:
-                QMessageBox.warning(self, "복귀 불가", "외출 시간 기록이 손상되었습니다.")
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('msg.error.title'), tr('break.cannot_return_corrupt.body'))
             return
 
         # 복귀 시간 업데이트
@@ -2170,12 +2172,16 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 외출 시간 계산 (자정 경계 처리)
         # break_record에 저장된 날짜를 사용하여 자정 경계 문제 해결
         break_date = active_break['date']
-        break_date_obj = datetime.strptime(break_date, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
+        try:
+            break_date_obj = datetime.strptime(break_date, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
+            break_out_parsed = datetime.strptime(active_break['break_out'], "%H:%M:%S").time()
+        except ValueError:
+            if not silent:
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('msg.error.title'), tr('break.cannot_return_unusable.body'))
+            dlog(f"break_in parse failed: date={break_date}, break_out={active_break.get('break_out')}")
+            return
 
-        break_out_time = datetime.combine(
-            break_date_obj,
-            datetime.strptime(active_break['break_out'], "%H:%M:%S").time()
-        )
+        break_out_time = datetime.combine(break_date_obj, break_out_parsed)
         break_in_time = datetime.combine(
             break_date_obj,
             datetime.strptime(break_in_str, "%H:%M:%S").time()
@@ -2191,8 +2197,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if not silent:
             QMessageBox.information(
                 self,
-                "복귀",
-                f"복귀 시간: {break_in_str}\n외출 시간: {duration_minutes}분"
+                tr('break.return.title'),
+                tr('break.return.body', time=break_in_str, minutes=duration_minutes)
             )
 
     def update_break_status(self):
@@ -2201,7 +2207,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         if active_break:
             break_out = active_break['break_out']
-            self.break_status_label.setText(f"외출 중 ({break_out}부터)")
+            self.break_status_label.setText(tr('break.status_in_progress', time=break_out))
             self.break_status_label.setStyleSheet(f"color: {ThemeColors.get('status_break_active')}; font-weight: bold;")
             self.is_on_break = True
             self.break_out_button.setEnabled(False)
@@ -2212,9 +2218,9 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 hours = total_minutes // 60
                 minutes = total_minutes % 60
                 if hours > 0:
-                    self.break_status_label.setText(f"오늘 총 외출: {hours}시간 {minutes}분")
+                    self.break_status_label.setText(tr('break.status_total_hours_minutes', hours=hours, minutes=minutes))
                 else:
-                    self.break_status_label.setText(f"오늘 총 외출: {minutes}분")
+                    self.break_status_label.setText(tr('break.status_total_minutes', minutes=minutes))
                 self.break_status_label.setStyleSheet(f"color: {ThemeColors.get('status_break_idle')};")
             else:
                 self.break_status_label.setText("")
@@ -2252,12 +2258,19 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # auto_lunch 캐시 무효화 (설정에서 토글 가능하므로)
         self._auto_lunch.invalidate()
 
+        # update_display 1Hz 핫패스 캐시 무효화
+        self._workday_boundary_hour_cache = None
+        self._non_working_cache_date = None
+        self._non_working_cache_value = None
+        self._full_day_leave_cache_date = None
+        self._full_day_leave_cache_value = None
+
         # 접근성 재적용 (글꼴 / 고대비)
         try:
             from ui.accessibility import apply_from_settings as _apply_a11y
             _apply_a11y(self.db)
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"accessibility reapply failed: {e}")
 
         # UI 업데이트
         self.update_overtime_balance()
@@ -2277,7 +2290,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         """
         actual_min = sum((r.get('total_minutes') or 0) for r in records)
         if records and actual_min > 0:
-            report_lines.append(f"{label}: {format_hours_minutes(actual_min)} (실측)")
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.meal_actual', label=label, time=format_hours_minutes(actual_min)))
             for r in records:
                 try:
                     start_dt = datetime.fromisoformat(f"{today} {r['break_out']}")
@@ -2292,12 +2305,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                         end_dt += timedelta(days=1)
                     dur = int((end_dt - start_dt).total_seconds() / 60)
                     report_lines.append(
-                        f"  - {self.format_time(start_dt)} ~ {self.format_time(end_dt)} ({dur}분)"
+                        tr('report.break_detail', start=self.format_time(start_dt), end=self.format_time(end_dt), duration=dur, reason='')
                     )
                 else:
-                    report_lines.append(f"  - {self.format_time(start_dt)} ~ 진행중")
+                    report_lines.append(tr('report.meal_in_progress', start=self.format_time(start_dt)))
         elif flag:
-            report_lines.append(f"{label}: 포함 ({format_hours_minutes(default_min)})")
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.meal_default', label=label, time=format_hours_minutes(default_min)))
         else:
             return
         report_lines.append("")
@@ -2310,8 +2323,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         try:
             cur = self.db.get_setting_int('daily_report_count', 0)
             self.db.set_setting('daily_report_count', str(cur + 1))
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            dlog(f"daily report counter failed: {e}")
 
         today = date.today().isoformat()
 
@@ -2321,34 +2334,34 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if not work_record:
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "기록 없음",
-                "오늘 출근 기록이 없습니다."
+                tr('msg.no_record.title'),
+                tr('msg.no_record.body')
             )
             return
 
         # 보고서 작성
         report_lines = []
         report_lines.append("=" * 40)
-        report_lines.append(f"📋 일일 근무 보고서 - {today}")
+        report_lines.append(tr('report.title', date=today))
         report_lines.append("=" * 40)
         report_lines.append("")
 
         # 출근/퇴근 시간
         clock_in_dt = datetime.fromisoformat(f"{today} {work_record['clock_in']}")
-        report_lines.append(f"🕐 출근 시간: {self.format_time(clock_in_dt, include_seconds=True)}")
+        report_lines.append(tr('report.clock_in', time=self.format_time(clock_in_dt, include_seconds=True)))
 
         if work_record['clock_out']:
             clock_out_dt = datetime.fromisoformat(f"{today} {work_record['clock_out']}")
-            report_lines.append(f"🕐 퇴근 시간: {self.format_time(clock_out_dt, include_seconds=True)}")
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.clock_out', time=self.format_time(clock_out_dt, include_seconds=True)))
 
             # 총 근무 시간
             total_work_hours = work_record.get('total_hours') or work_record.get('work_hours', 0)
             if total_work_hours:
                 hours = int(total_work_hours)
                 minutes = int((total_work_hours - hours) * 60)
-                report_lines.append(f"⏱️  총 근무: {hours}시간 {minutes}분")
+                report_lines.append(tr('report.total_work', time=tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=hours, minutes=minutes)))
         else:
-            report_lines.append(f"🕐 퇴근 시간: 미퇴근")
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.not_clocked_out'))
 
         report_lines.append("")
 
@@ -2364,7 +2377,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         real_break_minutes = sum((b.get('total_minutes') or 0) for b in real_break_records)
         has_active_break = any(not b.get('break_in') for b in real_break_records)
         if real_break_minutes > 0 or has_active_break:
-            report_lines.append(f"🚶 외출 시간: {format_hours_minutes(real_break_minutes)}")
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.break_time', time=format_hours_minutes(real_break_minutes)))
             for br in real_break_records:
                 break_out_time = datetime.fromisoformat(f"{today} {br['break_out']}")
                 if br['break_in']:
@@ -2374,17 +2387,17 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                         break_in_time += timedelta(days=1)
                     duration = int((break_in_time - break_out_time).total_seconds() / 60)
                     reason = f" ({br['reason']})" if br.get('reason') else ""
-                    report_lines.append(f"  - {self.format_time(break_out_time)} ~ {self.format_time(break_in_time)} ({duration}분){reason}")
+                    report_lines.append(tr('report.break_detail', start=self.format_time(break_out_time), end=self.format_time(break_in_time), duration=duration, reason=reason))
                 else:
                     reason = f" ({br['reason']})" if br.get('reason') else ""
-                    report_lines.append(f"  - {self.format_time(break_out_time)} ~ 복귀중{reason}")
+                    report_lines.append(tr('report.break_in_progress', start=self.format_time(break_out_time), reason=reason))
             report_lines.append("")
 
         # 점심시간
         lunch_flag = bool(work_record.get('lunch_break', False))
         if lunch_flag or lunch_records:
             self._append_meal_section(
-                report_lines, today, '🍱 점심시간',
+                report_lines, today, tr('label.lunch'),
                 lunch_flag, lunch_records,
                 self.time_calc.lunch_duration_minutes,
             )
@@ -2393,7 +2406,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         dinner_flag = bool(work_record.get('dinner_break', False))
         if dinner_flag or dinner_records:
             self._append_meal_section(
-                report_lines, today, '🍽️ 저녁시간',
+                report_lines, today, tr('label.dinner'),
                 dinner_flag, dinner_records,
                 self.time_calc.dinner_duration_minutes,
             )
@@ -2408,8 +2421,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
             earned_hours = overtime_earned // 60
             earned_mins = overtime_earned % 60
 
-            report_lines.append(f"⏰ 추가 근무 발생: {ot_hours}시간 {ot_mins}분")
-            report_lines.append(f"   💰 적립: {earned_hours}시간 {earned_mins}분 (30분 단위 절삭)")
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.overtime_occurred', time=tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=ot_hours, minutes=ot_mins)))
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.overtime_banked', time=tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=earned_hours, minutes=earned_mins)))
             report_lines.append("")
 
         # 오늘 사용한 추가근무
@@ -2417,7 +2430,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         if overtime_used_today > 0:
             used_hours = overtime_used_today // 60
             used_mins = overtime_used_today % 60
-            report_lines.append(f"🕐 추가 근무 사용: {used_hours}시간 {used_mins}분")
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.overtime_used', time=tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=used_hours, minutes=used_mins)))
 
             # 사용 상세 내역
             conn = self.db.get_connection()
@@ -2437,7 +2450,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 used_h = used_min // 60
                 used_m = used_min % 60
                 reason_text = f" - {reason}" if reason else ""
-                report_lines.append(f"  - {used_h}시간 {used_m}분{reason_text}")
+                report_lines.append(tr('report.overtime_used_detail', time=tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=used_h, minutes=used_m), reason=reason_text))
             report_lines.append("")
 
         # 오늘 사용한 연차 (일괄 추가 및 수동 조정 제외)
@@ -2457,25 +2470,26 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 days = int(total_leave_days)
                 hours = int((total_leave_days - days) * 8)
                 if hours > 0:
-                    report_lines.append(f"🌴 연차 사용: {days}일 {hours}시간")
+                    value = tr('report.leave_used_days_hours', days=days, hours=hours)
                 else:
-                    report_lines.append(f"🌴 연차 사용: {days}일")
+                    value = tr('report.leave_used_days', days=days)
             else:
                 hours = int(total_leave_days * 8)
-                report_lines.append(f"🌴 연차 사용: {hours}시간")
+                value = tr('report.leave_used_hours', hours=hours)
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.leave_used', value=value))
 
             for lr in filtered_leave_records:
-                # leave_type을 한글 이름으로 변환
+                # leave_type을 현재 언어 이름으로 변환
                 leave_type_name = {
-                    'annual': '연차',
-                    'sick': '병가',
-                    'half_am': '오전 반차',
-                    'half_pm': '오후 반차',
-                    'time_off': '시간 연차',
-                    '연차': '연차',
-                    '반차': '반차',
-                    '반반차': '반반차'
-                }.get(lr.get('leave_type', ''), lr.get('leave_type', '연차'))
+                    'annual': tr('leave.type.annual'),
+                    'sick': tr('leave.type.sick'),
+                    'half_am': tr('leave.type.half_am'),
+                    'half_pm': tr('leave.type.half_pm'),
+                    'time_off': tr('leave.type.time_off'),
+                    '연차': tr('leave.type.annual'),
+                    '반차': tr('leave.type.half'),
+                    '반반차': tr('leave.type.quarter')
+                }.get(lr.get('leave_type', ''), lr.get('leave_type', tr('leave.type.annual')))
 
                 days_used = lr['days']
 
@@ -2484,12 +2498,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                     d = int(days_used)
                     h = int((days_used - d) * 8)
                     if h > 0:
-                        time_str = f"{d}일 {h}시간"
+                        time_str = tr('report.leave_used_days_hours', days=d, hours=h)
                     else:
-                        time_str = f"{d}일"
+                        time_str = tr('report.leave_used_days', days=d)
                 else:
                     h = int(days_used * 8)
-                    time_str = f"{h}시간"
+                    time_str = tr('report.leave_used_hours', hours=h)
 
                 memo = f" - {lr['memo']}" if lr.get('memo') else ""
                 report_lines.append(f"  - {leave_type_name}: {time_str}{memo}")
@@ -2497,7 +2511,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         # 메모
         if work_record['memo']:
-            report_lines.append(f"📝 메모: {work_record['memo']}")
+            report_lines.append(tr('report.memo', memo=work_record['memo']))
             report_lines.append("")
 
         report_lines.append("=" * 40)
@@ -2510,8 +2524,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # 미리보기 메시지 박스
         QMessageBox.information(
             self,
-            "보고서 복사 완료",
-            "일일 근무 보고서가 클립보드에 복사되었습니다.\n\n" + report_text
+            tr('report.copied.title'),
+            tr('report.copied.body', report=report_text)
         )
 
     def show_notification(self, title: str, message: str):
@@ -2535,8 +2549,8 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.hide()
         if self.tray_icon.supportsMessages():
             self.tray_icon.showMessage(
-                "Clock-out Time Calculator",
-                "프로그램이 트레이에서 실행 중입니다.",
+                tr('app.title'),
+                tr('tray.background'),
                 QSystemTrayIcon.Information,
                 2000
             )
diff --git a/ui/meal_time_dialog.py b/ui/meal_time_dialog.py
index 3cdbe94..5af4051 100644
--- a/ui/meal_time_dialog.py
+++ b/ui/meal_time_dialog.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QDialog, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
                              QPushButton, QTimeEdit, QMessageBox)
 from PyQt5.QtCore import QTime
 
+from core.i18n import tr
 from ui.styles import apply_dark_titlebar
 
 
@@ -35,8 +36,8 @@ class MealTimeDialog(QDialog):
         self.meal_type = meal_type
         self._clock_in = clock_in_time
         self._clock_out = clock_out_time
-        title_kr = '점심' if meal_type == 'lunch' else '저녁'
-        self.setWindowTitle(f"{title_kr} 시간 입력")
+        meal_label = tr('label.lunch_short') if meal_type == 'lunch' else tr('label.dinner_short')
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr('meal.dialog_title', meal=meal_label))
         self.setModal(True)
         self.setFixedSize(380, 260)
 
@@ -44,10 +45,9 @@ class MealTimeDialog(QDialog):
         layout.setSpacing(10)
         layout.setContentsMargins(20, 16, 20, 16)
 
-        info_text = (f"{title_kr} 시작·종료 시각을 입력하세요.\n"
-                     f"자동 적용된 {default_minutes}분 대신 정확한 시간으로 기록됩니다.")
+        info_text = tr('meal.info_text', meal=meal_label, minutes=default_minutes)
         if clock_in_time is not None:
-            info_text += f"\n출근 {clock_in_time.strftime('%H:%M')} 이후만 입력 가능."
+            info_text += tr('meal.info_clock_in_limit', time=clock_in_time.strftime('%H:%M'))
         info = QLabel(info_text)
         info.setWordWrap(True)
         info.setStyleSheet("color: #909296; padding-bottom: 6px;")
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class MealTimeDialog(QDialog):
 
         # 시작
         start_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        start_row.addWidget(QLabel("시작:"))
+        start_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('meal.label_start')))
         self.start_edit = QTimeEdit()
         self.start_edit.setDisplayFormat("HH:mm")
         self.start_edit.setTime(QTime(default_start_h, 0))
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class MealTimeDialog(QDialog):
 
         # 종료
         end_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        end_row.addWidget(QLabel("종료:"))
+        end_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('meal.label_end')))
         self.end_edit = QTimeEdit()
         self.end_edit.setDisplayFormat("HH:mm")
         self.end_edit.setTime(QTime(default_end_h, 0))
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ class MealTimeDialog(QDialog):
         # 버튼
         btn_row = QHBoxLayout()
         btn_row.addStretch()
-        ok_btn = QPushButton("저장")
+        ok_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.save'))
         ok_btn.setObjectName("btn_primary")
         ok_btn.clicked.connect(self.accept)
-        cancel_btn = QPushButton("취소")
+        cancel_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.cancel'))
         cancel_btn.clicked.connect(self.reject)
         btn_row.addWidget(ok_btn)
         btn_row.addWidget(cancel_btn)
@@ -137,24 +137,24 @@ class MealTimeDialog(QDialog):
         start_dt, end_dt, minutes = self._resolve_meal_window()
         ok, reason = self._validate_window(start_dt, end_dt, minutes)
         if not ok:
-            self.preview.setText(f"{reason}")
+            self.preview.setText(reason)
             self.preview.setStyleSheet("color: #FA5252;")
         else:
-            self.preview.setText(f"총 {minutes}분")
+            self.preview.setText(tr('meal.preview_total', minutes=minutes))
             self.preview.setStyleSheet("color: #51CF66; font-weight: bold;")
 
     def _validate_window(self, start_dt: datetime, end_dt: datetime,
                           minutes: int) -> tuple[bool, str]:
         """식사 시각이 출/퇴근 범위와 정합인지 검증."""
         if minutes <= 0:
-            return False, "시작이 종료보다 늦습니다"
+            return False, tr('meal.error_start_after_end')
         if minutes > 8 * 60:
             # 자정 경계 처리 후 8시간 초과면 사용자 실수일 가능성 높음
-            return False, "식사 시간이 8시간을 초과합니다"
+            return False, tr('meal.error_too_long')
         if self._clock_in is not None and start_dt < self._clock_in:
-            return False, f"출근({self._clock_in.strftime('%H:%M')}) 이전입니다"
+            return False, tr('meal.error_before_clock_in', time=self._clock_in.strftime('%H:%M'))
         if self._clock_out is not None and end_dt > self._clock_out:
-            return False, f"퇴근({self._clock_out.strftime('%H:%M')}) 이후입니다"
+            return False, tr('meal.error_after_clock_out', time=self._clock_out.strftime('%H:%M'))
         return True, ""
 
     def accept(self):
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class MealTimeDialog(QDialog):
         start_dt, end_dt, minutes = self._resolve_meal_window()
         ok, reason = self._validate_window(start_dt, end_dt, minutes)
         if not ok:
-            QMessageBox.warning(self, "입력 오류", reason)
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('meal.input_error_title'), reason)
             return
         super().accept()
 
diff --git a/ui/mini_widget.py b/ui/mini_widget.py
index aa579af..7568c67 100644
--- a/ui/mini_widget.py
+++ b/ui/mini_widget.py
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ class MiniWidget(QWidget):
                 qss = ''
         if qss:
             menu.setStyleSheet(qss)
-        open_main = menu.addAction("메인 창 열기")
-        close_mini = menu.addAction("미니 위젯 닫기")
+        open_main = menu.addAction(tr('mini.open_main'))
+        close_mini = menu.addAction(tr('mini.close'))
         action = menu.exec_(event.globalPos())
         if action == open_main and self.parent_window:
             self.parent_window.show()
diff --git a/ui/onboarding_view.py b/ui/onboarding_view.py
index a919cb5..cf0147c 100644
--- a/ui/onboarding_view.py
+++ b/ui/onboarding_view.py
@@ -32,17 +32,10 @@ WORK_PRESETS = [
 class WelcomePage(QWizardPage):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
-        self.setTitle("환영합니다!")
-        self.setSubTitle("Clock-out Time Calculator를 처음 사용하시는군요. 5단계로 빠르게 설정하겠습니다.")
+        self.setTitle(tr('onboarding.welcome_title'))
+        self.setSubTitle(tr('onboarding.welcome_subtitle'))
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
-        intro = QLabel(
-            "이 앱은:\n"
-            "• 컴퓨터 부팅/잠금 해제로 출근 시간 자동 감지\n"
-            "• 30분 단위 연장근무 적립\n"
-            "• 연차·반차·외출 시간 추적\n"
-            "• 매일 퇴근 시간을 1초마다 카운트다운\n\n"
-            "[다음] 버튼을 눌러 시작하세요."
-        )
+        intro = QLabel(tr('onboarding.welcome_intro'))
         intro.setWordWrap(True)
         layout.addWidget(intro)
         self.setLayout(layout)
@@ -51,8 +44,8 @@ class WelcomePage(QWizardPage):
 class WorkPatternPage(QWizardPage):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
-        self.setTitle("근무 패턴")
-        self.setSubTitle("본인의 하루 근무 시간을 선택하세요. 나중에 설정에서 바꿀 수 있습니다.")
+        self.setTitle(tr('onboarding.work_pattern_title'))
+        self.setSubTitle(tr('onboarding.work_pattern_subtitle'))
 
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
         self.button_group = QButtonGroup(self)
@@ -127,20 +120,18 @@ class WorkPatternPage(QWizardPage):
 class ClockInDetectionPage(QWizardPage):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
-        self.setTitle("출근 시간 감지 방식")
-        self.setSubTitle("앱이 출근 시간을 자동으로 어떻게 감지할지 선택하세요.")
+        self.setTitle(tr('onboarding.detection_title'))
+        self.setSubTitle(tr('onboarding.detection_subtitle'))
 
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
-        self.option_boot = QRadioButton("PC 부팅 시간 (기본 — 매일 PC를 끄는 경우)")
-        self.option_unlock = QRadioButton("화면 잠금 해제 시간 (PC를 안 끄고 다니는 경우)")
-        self.option_manual = QRadioButton("수동 입력만 (자동 감지 안 함)")
+        self.option_boot = QRadioButton(tr('onboarding.detection_boot'))
+        self.option_unlock = QRadioButton(tr('onboarding.detection_unlock'))
+        self.option_manual = QRadioButton(tr('onboarding.detection_manual'))
         self.option_boot.setChecked(True)
         for opt in (self.option_boot, self.option_unlock, self.option_manual):
             layout.addWidget(opt)
 
-        info = QLabel(
-            "\nPC를 항상 켜둔 채 출근하시는 분은 두 번째 옵션을 권장합니다."
-        )
+        info = QLabel(tr('onboarding.detection_info'))
         info.setWordWrap(True)
         info.setStyleSheet("color: #909296; padding: 8px;")
         layout.addWidget(info)
@@ -159,35 +150,35 @@ class ClockInDetectionPage(QWizardPage):
 class LeaveSalaryPage(QWizardPage):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
-        self.setTitle("연차 + 급여 (옵션)")
-        self.setSubTitle("연차 일수와 급여(선택)를 입력하세요.")
+        self.setTitle(tr('onboarding.leave_salary_title'))
+        self.setSubTitle(tr('onboarding.leave_salary_subtitle'))
 
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
         # 연차
-        leave_box = QGroupBox("연간 연차")
+        leave_box = QGroupBox(tr('onboarding.leave_group'))
         leave_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         self.leave_spin = QSpinBox()
         self.leave_spin.setRange(0, 30)
         self.leave_spin.setValue(15)
-        self.leave_spin.setSuffix(" 일")
-        leave_layout.addWidget(QLabel("내 연차:"))
+        self.leave_spin.setSuffix(tr('label.unit_day'))
+        leave_layout.addWidget(QLabel(tr('onboarding.my_leave')))
         leave_layout.addWidget(self.leave_spin)
         leave_layout.addStretch()
         leave_box.setLayout(leave_layout)
         layout.addWidget(leave_box)
 
         # 급여 (옵션)
-        salary_box = QGroupBox("급여 추정 (옵션 — 포괄임금이면 비활성)")
+        salary_box = QGroupBox(tr('onboarding.salary_group'))
         salary_layout = QVBoxLayout()
-        self.salary_enabled = QCheckBox("급여 추정 활성화")
+        self.salary_enabled = QCheckBox(tr('onboarding.salary_enabled'))
         salary_layout.addWidget(self.salary_enabled)
 
         wage_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        wage_row.addWidget(QLabel("시급:"))
+        wage_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('onboarding.hourly_wage')))
         self.wage_spin = QSpinBox()
         self.wage_spin.setRange(0, 1000000)
         self.wage_spin.setSingleStep(1000)
-        self.wage_spin.setSuffix(" 원/시간")
+        self.wage_spin.setSuffix(tr('onboarding.wage_suffix'))
         self.wage_spin.setValue(0)
         self.wage_spin.setEnabled(False)
         wage_row.addWidget(self.wage_spin)
@@ -195,11 +186,11 @@ class LeaveSalaryPage(QWizardPage):
         salary_layout.addLayout(wage_row)
 
         rate_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        rate_row.addWidget(QLabel("연장수당 가산률:"))
+        rate_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('onboarding.overtime_rate')))
         self.rate_combo = QComboBox()
-        self.rate_combo.addItem("1.0배 (가산 없음)", 1.0)
-        self.rate_combo.addItem("1.5배 (한국 노동법 기본)", 1.5)
-        self.rate_combo.addItem("2.0배 (야근/휴일 가산)", 2.0)
+        self.rate_combo.addItem(tr('onboarding.rate_1x'), 1.0)
+        self.rate_combo.addItem(tr('onboarding.rate_1_5x'), 1.5)
+        self.rate_combo.addItem(tr('onboarding.rate_2x'), 2.0)
         self.rate_combo.setCurrentIndex(1)
         self.rate_combo.setEnabled(False)
         rate_row.addWidget(self.rate_combo)
@@ -218,30 +209,25 @@ class LeaveSalaryPage(QWizardPage):
 class DiscordPage(QWizardPage):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
-        self.setTitle("Discord 알림 (선택)")
-        self.setSubTitle("출퇴근 시각·휴식 권고를 Discord로 받으려면 웹훅 URL을 입력하세요. (모바일에서 푸시 알림)")
+        self.setTitle(tr('onboarding.discord_title'))
+        self.setSubTitle(tr('onboarding.discord_subtitle'))
 
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
-        self.enable_check = QCheckBox("Discord 웹훅 알림 사용")
+        self.enable_check = QCheckBox(tr('onboarding.discord_enable'))
         layout.addWidget(self.enable_check)
 
         self.url_edit = QLineEdit()
-        self.url_edit.setPlaceholderText("https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...")
+        self.url_edit.setPlaceholderText(tr('onboarding.discord_url_placeholder'))
         self.url_edit.setEnabled(False)
         layout.addWidget(self.url_edit)
 
-        guide = QLabel(
-            "셋업 방법:\n"
-            "1. Discord 서버에서 채널 우클릭 → 편집 → 연동 → 웹훅\n"
-            "2. 새 웹훅 만들기 → URL 복사\n"
-            "3. 위 입력란에 붙여넣기"
-        )
+        guide = QLabel(tr('onboarding.discord_guide'))
         guide.setStyleSheet("color: #909296; padding: 6px;")
         guide.setWordWrap(True)
         layout.addWidget(guide)
 
         test_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.test_btn = QPushButton("테스트 메시지 보내기")
+        self.test_btn = QPushButton(tr('onboarding.discord_test'))
         self.test_btn.setEnabled(False)
         self.test_btn.clicked.connect(self._test_webhook)
         test_row.addWidget(self.test_btn)
@@ -257,39 +243,30 @@ class DiscordPage(QWizardPage):
     def _test_webhook(self):
         url = self.url_edit.text().strip()
         if not url:
-            QMessageBox.warning(self, "URL 필요", "웹훅 URL을 먼저 입력해주세요.")
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('onboarding.discord_url_required_title'), tr('onboarding.discord_url_required_body'))
             return
         from utils import discord_webhook
         if not discord_webhook.is_valid_webhook_url(url):
             QMessageBox.warning(
-                self, "URL 형식 오류",
-                "Discord 웹훅 URL 형식이 아닙니다.\n"
-                "예: https://discord.com/api/webhooks/{ID}/{TOKEN}"
+                self, tr('onboarding.discord_url_invalid_title'),
+                tr('onboarding.discord_url_invalid_body')
             )
             return
         ok = discord_webhook.send_test(url)
         if ok:
-            QMessageBox.information(self, "성공", "Discord 채널에서 테스트 메시지를 확인하세요.")
+            QMessageBox.information(self, tr('onboarding.discord_success'), tr('onboarding.discord_success_body'))
         else:
-            QMessageBox.warning(self, "실패", "전송 실패. URL을 다시 확인해주세요.")
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('onboarding.discord_failed'), tr('onboarding.discord_failed_body'))
 
 
 class FinishPage(QWizardPage):
     def __init__(self):
         super().__init__()
-        self.setTitle("준비 완료!")
-        self.setSubTitle("이제 출근부터 자동 추적됩니다.")
+        self.setTitle(tr('onboarding.finish_title'))
+        self.setSubTitle(tr('onboarding.finish_subtitle'))
 
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
-        msg = QLabel(
-            "설정한 내용은 [설정] 메뉴에서 언제든 바꿀 수 있습니다.\n"
-            "온보딩을 다시 보고 싶으면 [도움말 → 온보딩 다시 보기]를 누르세요.\n\n"
-            "단축키:\n"
-            "  • Ctrl+O — 출퇴근 토글\n"
-            "  • F1 — 도움말\n"
-            "  • F5 — 업데이트 확인\n"
-            "  • Ctrl+, — 설정"
-        )
+        msg = QLabel(tr('onboarding.finish_msg'))
         msg.setWordWrap(True)
         layout.addWidget(msg)
         self.setLayout(layout)
@@ -301,7 +278,7 @@ class OnboardingWizard(QWizard):
     def __init__(self, db, parent=None):
         super().__init__(parent)
         self.db = db
-        self.setWindowTitle("Clock-out Calculator — 시작 설정")
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr('onboarding.window_title'))
         self.setMinimumSize(600, 500)
         self.setWizardStyle(QWizard.ModernStyle)
         self.setOption(QWizard.NoBackButtonOnStartPage, True)
@@ -323,7 +300,7 @@ class OnboardingWizard(QWizard):
         # 1. 근무 패턴
         wm, lm, dm = self.work_page.selected_minutes()
         if wm < 30:
-            QMessageBox.warning(self, "입력 오류", "하루 근무는 최소 30분 이상이어야 합니다.")
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('onboarding.input_error_title'), tr('onboarding.work_min_too_small'))
             return
 
         settings = {
diff --git a/ui/past_record_dialog.py b/ui/past_record_dialog.py
index ce6a215..c79fdc8 100644
--- a/ui/past_record_dialog.py
+++ b/ui/past_record_dialog.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QDialog, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
                              QMessageBox)
 from PyQt5.QtCore import QTime, Qt
 
+from core.i18n import tr
 from ui.styles import apply_dark_titlebar
 
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class PastRecordDialog(QDialog):
     def __init__(self, parent=None, date_str: str = ''):
         super().__init__(parent)
         self.date_str = date_str
-        self.setWindowTitle(f"기록 추가 — {date_str}")
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr('past_record.dialog_title', date=date_str))
         self.setModal(True)
         self.setFixedSize(380, 320)
 
@@ -26,13 +27,13 @@ class PastRecordDialog(QDialog):
         layout.setSpacing(8)
         layout.setContentsMargins(20, 16, 20, 16)
 
-        info = QLabel(f"{date_str} 근무 기록을 입력하세요.")
+        info = QLabel(tr('past_record.info', date=date_str))
         info.setStyleSheet("font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 6px;")
         layout.addWidget(info)
 
         # 출근
         ci_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        ci_row.addWidget(QLabel("출근:"))
+        ci_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('past_record.label_clock_in')))
         self.clock_in_edit = QTimeEdit()
         self.clock_in_edit.setDisplayFormat("HH:mm")
         self.clock_in_edit.setTime(QTime(9, 0))
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ class PastRecordDialog(QDialog):
 
         # 퇴근
         co_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        co_row.addWidget(QLabel("퇴근:"))
-        self.clock_out_check = QCheckBox("입력")
+        co_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('past_record.label_clock_out')))
+        self.clock_out_check = QCheckBox(tr('past_record.check_clock_out'))
         self.clock_out_check.setChecked(True)
         self.clock_out_edit = QTimeEdit()
         self.clock_out_edit.setDisplayFormat("HH:mm")
@@ -56,18 +57,18 @@ class PastRecordDialog(QDialog):
 
         # 점심/저녁
         meal_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.lunch_check = QCheckBox("점심시간 포함")
+        self.lunch_check = QCheckBox(tr('past_record.check_lunch'))
         self.lunch_check.setChecked(True)
-        self.dinner_check = QCheckBox("저녁시간 포함")
+        self.dinner_check = QCheckBox(tr('past_record.check_dinner'))
         meal_row.addWidget(self.lunch_check)
         meal_row.addWidget(self.dinner_check)
         meal_row.addStretch()
         layout.addLayout(meal_row)
 
         # 메모
-        layout.addWidget(QLabel("메모 (선택):"))
+        layout.addWidget(QLabel(tr('past_record.label_memo')))
         self.memo_edit = QLineEdit()
-        self.memo_edit.setPlaceholderText("예: 재택근무 / 외근 / 휴가")
+        self.memo_edit.setPlaceholderText(tr('past_record.memo_placeholder'))
         layout.addWidget(self.memo_edit)
 
         layout.addStretch()
@@ -75,10 +76,10 @@ class PastRecordDialog(QDialog):
         # 버튼
         btn_row = QHBoxLayout()
         btn_row.addStretch()
-        ok_btn = QPushButton("저장")
+        ok_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.save'))
         ok_btn.setObjectName("btn_primary")
         ok_btn.clicked.connect(self._validate_and_accept)
-        cancel_btn = QPushButton("취소")
+        cancel_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.cancel'))
         cancel_btn.clicked.connect(self.reject)
         btn_row.addWidget(ok_btn)
         btn_row.addWidget(cancel_btn)
@@ -92,8 +93,8 @@ class PastRecordDialog(QDialog):
             ci = self.clock_in_edit.time()
             co = self.clock_out_edit.time()
             if co <= ci:
-                QMessageBox.warning(self, "입력 오류",
-                                     "퇴근 시간이 출근 시간보다 빠르거나 같습니다.")
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('past_record.input_error_title'),
+                                     tr('past_record.input_error_body'))
                 return
         self.accept()
 
diff --git a/ui/recurring_leave_dialog.py b/ui/recurring_leave_dialog.py
index 90e8f10..6d8ef99 100644
--- a/ui/recurring_leave_dialog.py
+++ b/ui/recurring_leave_dialog.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QDialog, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
 from PyQt5.QtCore import QDate, Qt
 
 from core.recurring_leaves import describe_pattern
+from core.i18n import tr
 from ui.styles import apply_dark_titlebar
 
 
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
     def __init__(self, parent=None, db=None):
         super().__init__(parent)
         self.db = db
-        self.setWindowTitle("반복 연차 관리")
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr('recurring.title'))
         self.setMinimumSize(540, 480)
         self._build_ui()
         self._reload_list()
@@ -37,29 +38,29 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
 
         # 기존 패턴 목록
-        list_group = QGroupBox("등록된 반복 패턴")
+        list_group = QGroupBox(tr('recurring.list_group'))
         lg = QVBoxLayout()
         self.list_widget = QListWidget()
         self.list_widget.setMinimumHeight(160)
         lg.addWidget(self.list_widget)
-        del_btn = QPushButton("선택 삭제")
+        del_btn = QPushButton(tr('recurring.btn_delete_selected'))
         del_btn.clicked.connect(self._delete_selected)
         lg.addWidget(del_btn)
         list_group.setLayout(lg)
         layout.addWidget(list_group)
 
         # 신규 등록
-        add_group = QGroupBox("신규 패턴 추가")
+        add_group = QGroupBox(tr('recurring.add_group'))
         ag = QVBoxLayout()
 
         # 패턴 종류
         kind_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        kind_row.addWidget(QLabel("주기:"))
+        kind_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('recurring.label_cycle')))
         self.kind_group = QButtonGroup(self)
-        self.rb_weekly = QRadioButton("매주")
+        self.rb_weekly = QRadioButton(tr('recurring.weekly'))
         self.rb_weekly.setChecked(True)
-        self.rb_biweekly = QRadioButton("격주")
-        self.rb_monthly = QRadioButton("매월 N일")
+        self.rb_biweekly = QRadioButton(tr('recurring.biweekly'))
+        self.rb_monthly = QRadioButton(tr('recurring.monthly'))
         for rb in (self.rb_weekly, self.rb_biweekly, self.rb_monthly):
             self.kind_group.addButton(rb)
             kind_row.addWidget(rb)
@@ -68,10 +69,10 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
 
         # 요일 체크박스 (weekly/biweekly)
         wd_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        wd_row.addWidget(QLabel("요일:"))
+        wd_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('recurring.label_weekday')))
         self.weekday_checks = []
         for ko, en in _KO_WEEKDAYS:
-            cb = QCheckBox(ko)
+            cb = QCheckBox(tr(f'label.weekday_{en}'))
             self.weekday_checks.append((cb, en))
             wd_row.addWidget(cb)
         wd_row.addStretch()
@@ -79,40 +80,40 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
 
         # 매월 N일
         month_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        month_row.addWidget(QLabel("매월:"))
+        month_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('recurring.label_monthly_day')))
         self.day_of_month = QSpinBox()
         self.day_of_month.setRange(1, 31)
         self.day_of_month.setValue(15)
-        self.day_of_month.setSuffix("일")
+        self.day_of_month.setSuffix(tr('recurring.day_suffix'))
         month_row.addWidget(self.day_of_month)
         month_row.addStretch()
         ag.addLayout(month_row)
 
         # 차감 일수
         days_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        days_row.addWidget(QLabel("차감:"))
+        days_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('recurring.label_deduction')))
         self.days_combo = QComboBox()
-        self.days_combo.addItem("1.0일 (종일)", 1.0)
-        self.days_combo.addItem("0.5일 (반차)", 0.5)
-        self.days_combo.addItem("0.25일 (반반차)", 0.25)
+        self.days_combo.addItem(tr('recurring.deduction_full'), 1.0)
+        self.days_combo.addItem(tr('recurring.deduction_half'), 0.5)
+        self.days_combo.addItem(tr('recurring.deduction_quarter'), 0.25)
         days_row.addWidget(self.days_combo)
         days_row.addStretch()
         ag.addLayout(days_row)
 
         # 시작/종료 날짜
         date_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        date_row.addWidget(QLabel("시작:"))
+        date_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('recurring.label_start')))
         self.start_edit = QDateEdit()
         self.start_edit.setDate(QDate.currentDate())
         self.start_edit.setCalendarPopup(True)
         date_row.addWidget(self.start_edit)
 
-        date_row.addWidget(QLabel("종료:"))
+        date_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('recurring.label_end')))
         self.end_edit = QDateEdit()
         self.end_edit.setDate(QDate.currentDate().addMonths(6))
         self.end_edit.setCalendarPopup(True)
         date_row.addWidget(self.end_edit)
-        self.no_end_check = QCheckBox("종료 없음 (무기한)")
+        self.no_end_check = QCheckBox(tr('recurring.no_end'))
         self.no_end_check.toggled.connect(
             lambda v: self.end_edit.setEnabled(not v)
         )
@@ -122,14 +123,14 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
 
         # 메모
         memo_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        memo_row.addWidget(QLabel("메모:"))
+        memo_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('recurring.label_memo')))
         self.memo_edit = QLineEdit()
-        self.memo_edit.setPlaceholderText("예: 육아 단축근무")
+        self.memo_edit.setPlaceholderText(tr('recurring.memo_placeholder'))
         memo_row.addWidget(self.memo_edit)
         ag.addLayout(memo_row)
 
         # 추가 버튼
-        add_btn = QPushButton("추가")
+        add_btn = QPushButton(tr('recurring.btn_add'))
         add_btn.setObjectName("btn_primary")
         add_btn.clicked.connect(self._save)
         ag.addWidget(add_btn)
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
         layout.addWidget(add_group)
 
         # 닫기
-        close_btn = QPushButton("닫기")
+        close_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.close'))
         close_btn.clicked.connect(self.close)
         layout.addWidget(close_btn)
 
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
         self.list_widget.clear()
         for r in self.db.get_recurring_leaves():
             desc = describe_pattern(r['pattern'])
-            end = r.get('end_date') or '무기한'
+            end = r.get('end_date') or tr('recurring.no_end')
             text = (f"[{r['id']}] {desc} · {r['days']}일 ({r['leave_type']}) "
                      f"· {r['start_date']} ~ {end}")
             if r.get('memo'):
@@ -163,8 +164,8 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
             return
         rec_id = item.data(Qt.UserRole)
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
-            self, "삭제 확인",
-            f"이 반복 패턴을 삭제하시겠습니까?\n\n{item.text()}",
+            self, tr('recurring.delete_confirm_title'),
+            tr('recurring.delete_confirm_body', item=item.text()),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
         )
         if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
     def _save(self):
         pattern = self._build_pattern()
         if not pattern:
-            QMessageBox.warning(self, "입력 오류", "최소 한 개 요일을 선택하세요.")
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('recurring.input_error_title'), tr('recurring.input_error_weekday'))
             return
         days = self.days_combo.currentData()
         leave_type = self.days_combo.currentText().split(' ')[1].strip('()')
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ class RecurringLeaveDialog(QDialog):
         memo = self.memo_edit.text().strip()
 
         self.db.add_recurring_leave(pattern, leave_type, days, start, end, memo)
-        QMessageBox.information(self, "추가 완료",
-                                  f"반복 패턴이 등록되었습니다.\n{describe_pattern(pattern)}")
+        QMessageBox.information(self, tr('recurring.add_done_title'),
+                                  tr('recurring.add_done_body', pattern=describe_pattern(pattern)))
         self.memo_edit.clear()
         self._reload_list()
diff --git a/ui/schedule_view.py b/ui/schedule_view.py
index 863ea70..18da8b8 100644
--- a/ui/schedule_view.py
+++ b/ui/schedule_view.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QDate
 from PyQt5.QtGui import QTextCharFormat, QColor, QBrush
 
 from core.recurring_leaves import expand_for_range, describe_pattern
+from core.i18n import tr
 from ui.styles import apply_dark_titlebar
 
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
     def __init__(self, parent=None, db=None):
         super().__init__(parent)
         self.db = db
-        self.setWindowTitle("스케줄")
+        self.setWindowTitle(tr('schedule.title'))
         self.setMinimumSize(820, 560)
         self._build_ui()
         self._reload()
@@ -49,16 +50,16 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
 
         # 상단 툴바
         bar = QHBoxLayout()
-        title = QLabel("월간 스케줄 — 휴일 + 연차 + 반복 패턴")
+        title = QLabel(tr('schedule.header'))
         title.setStyleSheet("font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;")
         bar.addWidget(title)
         bar.addStretch()
 
-        rec_btn = QPushButton("반복 패턴 관리")
+        rec_btn = QPushButton(tr('schedule.btn_recurring'))
         rec_btn.clicked.connect(self._open_recurring_dialog)
         bar.addWidget(rec_btn)
 
-        add_btn = QPushButton("연차 등록")
+        add_btn = QPushButton(tr('schedule.btn_add_leave'))
         add_btn.clicked.connect(self._open_add_leave_dialog)
         bar.addWidget(add_btn)
 
@@ -66,11 +67,11 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
 
         # 범례
         legend = QHBoxLayout()
-        for label, color in [("공휴일", _C_HOLIDAY),
-                              ("연차 사용", _C_LEAVE_FULL_PAST),
-                              ("연차 예정", _C_LEAVE_FULL_PLAN),
-                              ("반차/반반차", _C_LEAVE_HALF_PAST),
-                              ("반복 패턴", _C_RECURRING)]:
+        for label, color in [(tr('schedule.legend_holiday'), _C_HOLIDAY),
+                              (tr('schedule.legend_leave_used'), _C_LEAVE_FULL_PAST),
+                              (tr('schedule.legend_leave_planned'), _C_LEAVE_FULL_PLAN),
+                              (tr('schedule.legend_half'), _C_LEAVE_HALF_PAST),
+                              (tr('schedule.legend_recurring'), _C_RECURRING)]:
             sw = QLabel(f"  {label}  ")
             sw.setStyleSheet(
                 f"background-color: {color.name()}; color: white; "
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
         right = QWidget()
         right_layout = QVBoxLayout()
 
-        self.detail_title = QLabel("날짜를 선택하세요")
+        self.detail_title = QLabel(tr('schedule.detail_placeholder'))
         self.detail_title.setStyleSheet("font-weight: bold; font-size: 14px;")
         right_layout.addWidget(self.detail_title)
 
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
 
         layout.addWidget(splitter, 1)
 
-        close_btn = QPushButton("닫기")
+        close_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.close'))
         close_btn.clicked.connect(self.close)
         layout.addWidget(close_btn)
 
@@ -189,18 +190,19 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
     def _on_date_click(self, qd: QDate):
         d = date(qd.year(), qd.month(), qd.day())
         date_str = d.isoformat()
-        weekday_kr = ['월', '화', '수', '목', '금', '토', '일']
-        self.detail_title.setText(f"{date_str} ({weekday_kr[d.weekday()]}요일)")
+        weekday_kr = [tr('label.weekday_mon'), tr('label.weekday_tue'), tr('label.weekday_wed'),
+                      tr('label.weekday_thu'), tr('label.weekday_fri'), tr('label.weekday_sat'), tr('label.weekday_sun')]
+        self.detail_title.setText(f"{date_str} ({weekday_kr[d.weekday()]}{tr('schedule.weekday_suffix')})")
         self.detail_list.clear()
 
         # 휴일
         holiday = self.db.get_holiday(date_str) if hasattr(self.db, 'get_holiday') else None
         if holiday:
-            item = QListWidgetItem(f"공휴일: {holiday.get('name', '공휴일')}")
+            item = QListWidgetItem(tr('schedule.holiday', name=holiday.get('name', tr('label.holiday_default'))))
             item.setForeground(QBrush(QColor("#e53935")))
             self.detail_list.addItem(item)
         elif d.weekday() in (5, 6):
-            item = QListWidgetItem(f"주말 ({weekday_kr[d.weekday()]}요일)")
+            item = QListWidgetItem(tr('schedule.weekend', weekday=weekday_kr[d.weekday()]))
             self.detail_list.addItem(item)
 
         # 연차 (구체)
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
             days = float(r.get('days') or 0)
             t = r.get('leave_type', '연차')
             memo = r.get('memo') or ''
-            label = f"{t} {days}일"
+            label = tr('schedule.leave_label', type=t, days=days)
             if memo:
                 label += f" — {memo}"
             label += f" [id={r['id']}]"
@@ -221,13 +223,14 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
         from core.recurring_leaves import expand_for_date
         for occ in expand_for_date(recurring, d):
             item = QListWidgetItem(
-                f"{describe_pattern(occ.pattern)} · {occ.days}일 ({occ.leave_type})"
+                tr('schedule.recurring_item', pattern=describe_pattern(occ.pattern),
+                   days=occ.days, type=occ.leave_type)
             )
             item.setData(Qt.UserRole, ('recurring', occ.recurring_id))
             self.detail_list.addItem(item)
 
         if self.detail_list.count() == 0:
-            self.detail_list.addItem("일정 없음")
+            self.detail_list.addItem(tr('schedule.no_events'))
 
     def _on_page_change(self, year: int, month: int):
         self._reload()
@@ -241,7 +244,7 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
             return
         kind, _id = data
         menu = QMenu(self)
-        del_act = menu.addAction("삭제")
+        del_act = menu.addAction(tr('schedule.delete'))
         chosen = menu.exec_(self.detail_list.viewport().mapToGlobal(pos))
         if chosen == del_act:
             self._delete_record(kind, _id)
@@ -249,8 +252,8 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
     def _delete_record(self, kind: str, _id: int):
         if kind == 'concrete':
             reply = QMessageBox.question(
-                self, "삭제 확인",
-                "이 연차 기록을 삭제하시겠습니까? (잔액이 자동 복구됩니다.)",
+                self, tr('schedule.delete_leave_confirm_title'),
+                tr('schedule.delete_leave_confirm_body'),
                 QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
             )
             if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -261,8 +264,8 @@ class ScheduleView(QDialog):
                 self._on_date_click(d)
         elif kind == 'recurring':
             reply = QMessageBox.question(
-                self, "삭제 확인",
-                "이 반복 패턴을 삭제하시겠습니까? (이후 모든 인스턴스 제거)",
+                self, tr('schedule.delete_recurring_confirm_title'),
+                tr('schedule.delete_recurring_confirm_body'),
                 QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
             )
             if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
diff --git a/ui/settings_view.py b/ui/settings_view.py
index d353a8a..cd2c7b8 100644
--- a/ui/settings_view.py
+++ b/ui/settings_view.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         main_layout.setSpacing(0)
 
         # 제목
-        title = QLabel("설정")
+        title = QLabel(tr('settings.title'))
         title.setObjectName("dialog_title")
         title.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
         main_layout.addWidget(title)
@@ -137,16 +137,16 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 근무 패턴 프리셋
         preset_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        preset_label = QLabel("근무 패턴:")
+        preset_label = QLabel(tr('settings.work_pattern'))
         preset_label.setFixedWidth(130)
         self.work_preset_combo = QComboBox()
         # (label, work_minutes, lunch_minutes)
-        self.work_preset_combo.addItem("표준 8시간 (점심 60분)", (480, 60))
-        self.work_preset_combo.addItem("단축근무 7시간 30분 (점심 30분)", (450, 30))
-        self.work_preset_combo.addItem("단축근무 7시간 (점심 60분)", (420, 60))
-        self.work_preset_combo.addItem("단축근무 6시간 (점심 30분)", (360, 30))
-        self.work_preset_combo.addItem("반일 4시간 (점심 0분)", (240, 0))
-        self.work_preset_combo.addItem("사용자 정의", None)
+        self.work_preset_combo.addItem(tr('settings.preset.standard_8h'), (480, 60))
+        self.work_preset_combo.addItem(tr('settings.preset.short_7h30m'), (450, 30))
+        self.work_preset_combo.addItem(tr('settings.preset.short_7h'), (420, 60))
+        self.work_preset_combo.addItem(tr('settings.preset.short_6h'), (360, 30))
+        self.work_preset_combo.addItem(tr('settings.preset.half_4h'), (240, 0))
+        self.work_preset_combo.addItem(tr('settings.preset.custom'), None)
         self.work_preset_combo.setFixedWidth(260)
         self.work_preset_combo.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.on_preset_changed)
         preset_layout.addWidget(preset_label)
@@ -156,18 +156,18 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 하루 기본 근무 시간 (시 + 분 분리 입력)
         work_hours_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        work_hours_label = QLabel("하루 기본 근무:")
+        work_hours_label = QLabel(tr('settings.daily_work'))
         work_hours_label.setFixedWidth(130)
         self.work_hours_spin = QSpinBox()
         self.work_hours_spin.setRange(0, 12)
         self.work_hours_spin.setValue(8)
-        self.work_hours_spin.setSuffix(" 시간")
+        self.work_hours_spin.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
         self.work_hours_spin.setFixedWidth(100)
         self.work_minutes_spin = QSpinBox()
         self.work_minutes_spin.setRange(0, 59)
         self.work_minutes_spin.setValue(0)
         self.work_minutes_spin.setSingleStep(15)
-        self.work_minutes_spin.setSuffix(" 분")
+        self.work_minutes_spin.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_minute'))
         self.work_minutes_spin.setFixedWidth(100)
         # 사용자가 시간/분 직접 변경 시 프리셋을 "사용자 정의"로
         self.work_hours_spin.valueChanged.connect(self._on_work_time_user_edit)
@@ -180,34 +180,34 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 점심시간 기본값
         lunch_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        lunch_label = QLabel("점심시간 기본:")
+        lunch_label = QLabel(tr('settings.lunch_default'))
         lunch_label.setFixedWidth(130)
         self.lunch_spin = QSpinBox()
         self.lunch_spin.setRange(0, 120)
         self.lunch_spin.setValue(60)
         self.lunch_spin.setSingleStep(5)
-        self.lunch_spin.setSuffix(" 분")
+        self.lunch_spin.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_minute'))
         self.lunch_spin.setFixedWidth(110)
         self.lunch_spin.valueChanged.connect(self._on_work_time_user_edit)
         lunch_layout.addWidget(lunch_label)
         lunch_layout.addWidget(self.lunch_spin)
 
         # 점심시간 자동 적용
-        self.auto_lunch_check = QCheckBox("자동 적용")
-        self.auto_lunch_check.setToolTip("출근 후 4시간 경과 시 자동 적용")
+        self.auto_lunch_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.auto_apply'))
+        self.auto_lunch_check.setToolTip(tr('settings.auto_apply_tooltip'))
         lunch_layout.addWidget(self.auto_lunch_check)
         lunch_layout.addStretch()
         layout.addLayout(lunch_layout)
 
         # 저녁시간 기본값
         dinner_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        dinner_label = QLabel("저녁시간 기본:")
+        dinner_label = QLabel(tr('settings.dinner_default'))
         dinner_label.setFixedWidth(130)
         self.dinner_spin = QSpinBox()
         self.dinner_spin.setRange(0, 120)
         self.dinner_spin.setValue(60)
         self.dinner_spin.setSingleStep(5)
-        self.dinner_spin.setSuffix(" 분")
+        self.dinner_spin.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_minute'))
         self.dinner_spin.setFixedWidth(110)
         dinner_layout.addWidget(dinner_label)
         dinner_layout.addWidget(self.dinner_spin)
@@ -306,30 +306,30 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 알림 체크박스들을 3행으로 배치 (저녁 알림 추가로 5개)
         check_row1 = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.clock_out_notification_check = QCheckBox("퇴근 30분 전 알림")
+        self.clock_out_notification_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.notif_clock_out'))
         self.clock_out_notification_check.setChecked(True)
-        self.lunch_notification_check = QCheckBox("점심시간 등록 알림")
+        self.lunch_notification_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.notif_lunch'))
         self.lunch_notification_check.setChecked(True)
         check_row1.addWidget(self.clock_out_notification_check)
         check_row1.addWidget(self.lunch_notification_check)
         layout.addLayout(check_row1)
 
         check_row2 = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.dinner_notification_check = QCheckBox("저녁시간 등록 알림")
+        self.dinner_notification_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.notif_dinner'))
         self.dinner_notification_check.setChecked(True)
-        self.overtime_notification_check = QCheckBox("연장근무 적립 알림")
+        self.overtime_notification_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.notif_overtime'))
         self.overtime_notification_check.setChecked(True)
         check_row2.addWidget(self.dinner_notification_check)
         check_row2.addWidget(self.overtime_notification_check)
         layout.addLayout(check_row2)
 
         check_row3 = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.health_notification_check = QCheckBox("건강 경고 알림")
+        self.health_notification_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.notif_health'))
         self.health_notification_check.setChecked(True)
-        self.health_break_notification_check = QCheckBox("휴식 권고 알림")
+        self.health_break_notification_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.notif_break'))
         self.health_break_notification_check.setChecked(True)
         self.health_break_notification_check.setToolTip(
-            "오랜 시간 자리에서 일하면 스트레칭을 권유 (연속 근무 N시간 기준)"
+            tr('settings.notif_break_tooltip')
         )
         check_row3.addWidget(self.health_notification_check)
         check_row3.addWidget(self.health_break_notification_check)
@@ -337,75 +337,75 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 퇴근 N분 전 알림 시점 설정
         before_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        before_label = QLabel("퇴근 알림 시점:")
+        before_label = QLabel(tr('settings.notif_before'))
         before_label.setFixedWidth(110)
         self.notif_before_spin = QSpinBox()
         self.notif_before_spin.setRange(1, 120)
         self.notif_before_spin.setSingleStep(5)
         self.notif_before_spin.setValue(30)
-        self.notif_before_spin.setSuffix(" 분 전")
+        self.notif_before_spin.setSuffix(' ' + tr('settings.notif_before_spin_suffix'))
         self.notif_before_spin.setFixedWidth(110)
-        self.notif_before_spin.setToolTip("퇴근 임박 알림이 표시될 시점 (분 단위)")
+        self.notif_before_spin.setToolTip(tr('settings.notif_before_tooltip'))
         before_row.addWidget(before_label)
         before_row.addWidget(self.notif_before_spin)
         before_row.addStretch()
         layout.addLayout(before_row)
 
         # === 고급 임계값 (접이식 그룹박스) ===
-        adv_box = QGroupBox("고급 임계값")
+        adv_box = QGroupBox(tr('settings.advanced_thresholds'))
         adv_box.setCheckable(True)
         adv_box.setChecked(False)  # 기본 접힘
-        adv_box.setToolTip("회사 정책·개인 선호에 맞춰 알림 발생 시점 조정")
+        adv_box.setToolTip(tr('settings.advanced_thresholds_tooltip'))
         adv_layout = QVBoxLayout()
         adv_layout.setSpacing(4)
 
         # 점심 알림 임계 (출근 후 N시간)
-        self.lunch_reminder_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 12, 4, " 시간")
-        self.lunch_reminder_spin.setToolTip("출근 후 N시간 경과 시 점심 미등록 알림")
-        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row("점심 알림 (출근 +):", self.lunch_reminder_spin))
+        self.lunch_reminder_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 12, 4, tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
+        self.lunch_reminder_spin.setToolTip(tr('settings.lunch_alert_tooltip'))
+        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row(tr('settings.lunch_alert_after'), self.lunch_reminder_spin))
 
         # 저녁 알림 임계 (출근 후 N시간)
-        self.dinner_reminder_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 16, 8, " 시간")
-        self.dinner_reminder_spin.setToolTip("출근 후 N시간 경과 시 저녁 미등록 알림")
-        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row("저녁 알림 (출근 +):", self.dinner_reminder_spin))
+        self.dinner_reminder_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 16, 8, tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
+        self.dinner_reminder_spin.setToolTip(tr('settings.dinner_alert_tooltip'))
+        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row(tr('settings.dinner_alert_after'), self.dinner_reminder_spin))
 
         # 연장근무 누적 임계
-        self.overtime_threshold_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 200, 20, " 시간")
-        self.overtime_threshold_spin.setToolTip("연장근무 잔액이 N시간 이상이면 알림")
-        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row("연장 누적 알림:", self.overtime_threshold_spin))
+        self.overtime_threshold_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 200, 20, tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
+        self.overtime_threshold_spin.setToolTip(tr('settings.overtime_alert_tooltip'))
+        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row(tr('settings.overtime_alert_at'), self.overtime_threshold_spin))
 
         # 주 X시간 임계
-        self.weekly_hours_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(20, 168, 52, " 시간")
-        self.weekly_hours_spin.setToolTip("주간 총 근무가 N시간 초과 시 경고 (한국 노동법 기본 52)")
-        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row("주간 한도 경고:", self.weekly_hours_spin))
+        self.weekly_hours_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(20, 168, 52, tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
+        self.weekly_hours_spin.setToolTip(tr('settings.weekly_limit_tooltip'))
+        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row(tr('settings.weekly_limit'), self.weekly_hours_spin))
 
         # 연속 연장근무 일수
-        self.health_consecutive_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 14, 3, " 일")
-        self.health_consecutive_spin.setToolTip("N일 이상 연속 연장근무 시 건강 경고")
-        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row("연속 연장 경고:", self.health_consecutive_spin))
+        self.health_consecutive_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 14, 3, tr('label.unit_day'))
+        self.health_consecutive_spin.setToolTip(tr('settings.consecutive_ot_tooltip', fallback=''))
+        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row(tr('settings.consecutive_ot'), self.health_consecutive_spin))
 
         # 휴식 권고 (연속 근무 시간)
-        self.health_break_hours_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 12, 4, " 시간")
-        self.health_break_hours_spin.setToolTip("연속 근무 N시간 경과 시 스트레칭 권유")
-        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row("휴식 권고 시점:", self.health_break_hours_spin))
+        self.health_break_hours_spin = self._make_threshold_spin(1, 12, 4, tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
+        self.health_break_hours_spin.setToolTip(tr('settings.break_after_tooltip'))
+        adv_layout.addLayout(self._labeled_row(tr('settings.break_after'), self.health_break_hours_spin))
 
         adv_box.setLayout(adv_layout)
         layout.addWidget(adv_box)
 
         # 시간 형식 + 테마 한 줄에
         format_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        time_format_label = QLabel("시간 형식:")
+        time_format_label = QLabel(tr('settings.time_format'))
         time_format_label.setFixedWidth(70)
         self.time_format_combo = QComboBox()
-        self.time_format_combo.addItem("24시간 (17:30)", "24")
-        self.time_format_combo.addItem("오전/오후 (오후 5:30)", "12")
+        self.time_format_combo.addItem(tr('settings.time_format_24'), "24")
+        self.time_format_combo.addItem(tr('settings.time_format_12'), "12")
         self.time_format_combo.setFixedWidth(180)
 
-        theme_label = QLabel("테마:")
+        theme_label = QLabel(tr('settings.theme'))
         theme_label.setFixedWidth(40)
         self.theme_combo = QComboBox()
-        self.theme_combo.addItem("라이트", "light")
-        self.theme_combo.addItem("다크", "dark")
+        self.theme_combo.addItem(tr('settings.theme_light'), "light")
+        self.theme_combo.addItem(tr('settings.theme_dark'), "dark")
         self.theme_combo.setFixedWidth(90)
         self.theme_combo.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.on_theme_changed)
 
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 접근성: 글꼴 크기 + 고대비
         a11y_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        a11y_row.addWidget(QLabel("글꼴 크기:"))
+        a11y_row.addWidget(QLabel(tr('settings.font_scale')))
         self.font_scale_combo = QComboBox()
         self.font_scale_combo.addItem("100%", "1.0")
         self.font_scale_combo.addItem("125%", "1.25")
@@ -427,8 +427,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         self.font_scale_combo.setFixedWidth(90)
         a11y_row.addWidget(self.font_scale_combo)
         a11y_row.addSpacing(16)
-        self.high_contrast_check = QCheckBox("고대비 모드")
-        self.high_contrast_check.setToolTip("검정 배경 + 노란 텍스트 (시각약자/야간)")
+        self.high_contrast_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.high_contrast'))
+        self.high_contrast_check.setToolTip(tr('settings.high_contrast_tooltip'))
         a11y_row.addWidget(self.high_contrast_check)
         a11y_row.addStretch()
         layout.addLayout(a11y_row)
@@ -436,13 +436,13 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         # 언어 선택
         from core.i18n import available_languages, language_label
         lang_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        lang_label = QLabel("언어 / Language:")
+        lang_label = QLabel(tr('label.language'))
         lang_label.setFixedWidth(120)
         self.language_combo = QComboBox()
         for code in available_languages():
             self.language_combo.addItem(language_label(code), code)
         self.language_combo.setFixedWidth(140)
-        self.language_combo.setToolTip("언어 변경은 재시작 후 완전히 적용됩니다.")
+        self.language_combo.setToolTip(tr('group.language_restart_tooltip', fallback=''))
         lang_row.addWidget(lang_label)
         lang_row.addWidget(self.language_combo)
         lang_row.addStretch()
@@ -459,16 +459,16 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 잔액 + 계산 단위 한 줄
         top_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        self.current_overtime_label = QLabel("현재 잔액: 계산 중...")
+        self.current_overtime_label = QLabel(tr('settings.current_balance'))
         self.current_overtime_label.setObjectName("badge_success")
         top_row.addWidget(self.current_overtime_label)
         top_row.addStretch()
 
-        unit_label = QLabel("계산 단위:")
+        unit_label = QLabel(tr('settings.calc_unit'))
         self.overtime_unit_combo = QComboBox()
-        self.overtime_unit_combo.addItem("30분", 30)
-        self.overtime_unit_combo.addItem("1시간", 60)
-        self.overtime_unit_combo.addItem("15분", 15)
+        self.overtime_unit_combo.addItem(tr('view.overtime.minute_30'), 30)
+        self.overtime_unit_combo.addItem(tr('label.time_hours_minutes', hours=1, minutes=0), 60)
+        self.overtime_unit_combo.addItem(tr('view.overtime.minute_0'), 15)
         self.overtime_unit_combo.setFixedWidth(100)
         top_row.addWidget(unit_label)
         top_row.addWidget(self.overtime_unit_combo)
@@ -476,28 +476,28 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 초기 연장근무 설정
         initial_overtime_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        initial_overtime_label = QLabel("기존 연장근무:")
+        initial_overtime_label = QLabel(tr('settings.initial_overtime'))
         initial_overtime_label.setFixedWidth(100)
         self.initial_overtime_hours = QSpinBox()
         self.initial_overtime_hours.setRange(0, 200)
         self.initial_overtime_hours.setValue(0)
-        self.initial_overtime_hours.setSuffix(" 시간")
+        self.initial_overtime_hours.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
         self.initial_overtime_hours.setFixedWidth(110)
 
         self.initial_overtime_mins = QSpinBox()
         self.initial_overtime_mins.setRange(0, 59)
         self.initial_overtime_mins.setValue(0)
-        self.initial_overtime_mins.setSuffix(" 분")
+        self.initial_overtime_mins.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_minute'))
         self.initial_overtime_mins.setFixedWidth(100)
 
-        apply_overtime_btn = QPushButton("적용")
+        apply_overtime_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.apply'))
         apply_overtime_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
         apply_overtime_btn.setFixedWidth(50)
         apply_overtime_btn.clicked.connect(self.apply_initial_overtime)
 
-        self.auto_overtime_check = QCheckBox("자동 적립")
+        self.auto_overtime_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.auto_bank'))
         self.auto_overtime_check.setChecked(True)
-        self.auto_overtime_check.setToolTip("퇴근 시 연장근무 자동 적립")
+        self.auto_overtime_check.setToolTip(tr('settings.auto_bank_tooltip'))
 
         initial_overtime_layout.addWidget(initial_overtime_label)
         initial_overtime_layout.addWidget(self.initial_overtime_hours)
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         initial_overtime_layout.addWidget(self.auto_overtime_check)
         layout.addLayout(initial_overtime_layout)
 
-        initial_overtime_note = QLabel("※ 프로그램 사용 전 쌓인 연장근무 시간 (절대값)")
+        initial_overtime_note = QLabel(tr('settings.initial_overtime_note', fallback=''))
         initial_overtime_note.setObjectName("note_text")
         layout.addWidget(initial_overtime_note)
 
@@ -516,22 +516,22 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
     def create_goal_group(self) -> QGroupBox:
         """월간 목표 설정 그룹 (0=비활성)."""
-        group = QGroupBox("월간 목표 (0=비활성)")
+        group = QGroupBox(tr('settings.goal_group'))
         layout = QVBoxLayout()
         layout.setSpacing(6)
 
         # 연장근무 상한
         ot_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        ot_label = QLabel("월 연장근무 상한:")
+        ot_label = QLabel(tr('settings.monthly_ot_cap'))
         ot_label.setFixedWidth(150)
         self.goal_ot_h = QSpinBox()
         self.goal_ot_h.setRange(0, 100)
-        self.goal_ot_h.setSuffix(" 시간")
+        self.goal_ot_h.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
         self.goal_ot_h.setFixedWidth(100)
         self.goal_ot_m = QSpinBox()
         self.goal_ot_m.setRange(0, 59)
         self.goal_ot_m.setSingleStep(30)
-        self.goal_ot_m.setSuffix(" 분")
+        self.goal_ot_m.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_minute'))
         self.goal_ot_m.setFixedWidth(90)
         ot_row.addWidget(ot_label)
         ot_row.addWidget(self.goal_ot_h)
@@ -541,18 +541,18 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 일평균 목표
         avg_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        avg_label = QLabel("일 평균 근무 목표:")
+        avg_label = QLabel(tr('settings.daily_avg_goal'))
         avg_label.setFixedWidth(150)
         self.goal_avg = QDoubleSpinBox() if False else QSpinBox()  # int*10 방식
         self.goal_avg.setRange(0, 24)
-        self.goal_avg.setSuffix(" 시간")
+        self.goal_avg.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
         self.goal_avg.setFixedWidth(100)
         avg_row.addWidget(avg_label)
         avg_row.addWidget(self.goal_avg)
         avg_row.addStretch()
         layout.addLayout(avg_row)
 
-        note = QLabel("※ 통계 → 월간 탭에서 진행률 확인")
+        note = QLabel(tr('settings.goal_note', fallback=''))
         note.setObjectName("note_text")
         layout.addWidget(note)
 
@@ -567,40 +567,40 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 연차 개수 + 남은 연차 한 줄
         top_row = QHBoxLayout()
-        annual_leave_label = QLabel("연간 연차:")
+        annual_leave_label = QLabel(tr('settings.annual_leave'))
         annual_leave_label.setFixedWidth(70)
         self.annual_leave_days = QSpinBox()
         self.annual_leave_days.setRange(0, 30)
         self.annual_leave_days.setValue(15)
-        self.annual_leave_days.setSuffix(" 일")
+        self.annual_leave_days.setSuffix(tr('label.unit_day'))
         self.annual_leave_days.setFixedWidth(100)
         top_row.addWidget(annual_leave_label)
         top_row.addWidget(self.annual_leave_days)
         top_row.addStretch()
 
-        self.remaining_leave_label = QLabel("남은 연차: 계산 중...")
+        self.remaining_leave_label = QLabel(tr('settings.remaining_leave'))
         self.remaining_leave_label.setObjectName("badge_leave")
         top_row.addWidget(self.remaining_leave_label)
         layout.addLayout(top_row)
 
         # 기존 사용 연차 설정
         used_leave_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        used_leave_label = QLabel("기존 사용:")
+        used_leave_label = QLabel(tr('settings.used_leave'))
         used_leave_label.setFixedWidth(70)
         self.used_leave_hours = QSpinBox()
         self.used_leave_hours.setRange(0, 200)
         self.used_leave_hours.setValue(0)
-        self.used_leave_hours.setSuffix(" 시간")
+        self.used_leave_hours.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_hour'))
         self.used_leave_hours.setFixedWidth(110)
 
         self.used_leave_mins = QSpinBox()
         self.used_leave_mins.setRange(0, 59)
         self.used_leave_mins.setValue(0)
-        self.used_leave_mins.setSuffix(" 분")
+        self.used_leave_mins.setSuffix(tr('settings.suffix_minute'))
         self.used_leave_mins.setSingleStep(30)
         self.used_leave_mins.setFixedWidth(100)
 
-        apply_used_leave_btn = QPushButton("적용")
+        apply_used_leave_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.apply'))
         apply_used_leave_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
         apply_used_leave_btn.setFixedWidth(50)
         apply_used_leave_btn.clicked.connect(self.apply_used_leave)
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         used_leave_layout.addStretch()
         layout.addLayout(used_leave_layout)
 
-        used_leave_note = QLabel("※ 프로그램 사용 전 이미 사용한 연차 (1일=8시간)")
+        used_leave_note = QLabel(tr('settings.used_leave_note', fallback=''))
         used_leave_note.setObjectName("note_text")
         layout.addWidget(used_leave_note)
 
@@ -627,33 +627,33 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # 공휴일 목록 + 버튼 한 줄
         button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        holiday_list_label = QLabel("등록:")
+        holiday_list_label = QLabel(tr('settings.registered'))
         button_layout.addWidget(holiday_list_label)
 
-        self.holiday_count_label = QLabel("0개")
+        self.holiday_count_label = QLabel(tr('settings.holiday_count', count=0, year=datetime.now().year))
         self.holiday_count_label.setObjectName("info_text")
         button_layout.addWidget(self.holiday_count_label)
         button_layout.addStretch()
 
-        add_korean_btn = QPushButton("한국 공휴일 (자동)")
+        add_korean_btn = QPushButton(tr('settings.add_korean_holidays'))
         add_korean_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
-        add_korean_btn.setToolTip("음력 명절(설/추석) + 임시공휴일 포함 자동 등록")
+        add_korean_btn.setToolTip(tr('settings.add_korean_holidays_tooltip'))
         add_korean_btn.clicked.connect(self.add_korean_holidays_auto)
         button_layout.addWidget(add_korean_btn)
 
-        add_custom_btn = QPushButton("추가")
+        add_custom_btn = QPushButton(tr('btn.add'))
         add_custom_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
         add_custom_btn.clicked.connect(self.add_custom_holiday)
         button_layout.addWidget(add_custom_btn)
 
-        view_holidays_btn = QPushButton("목록")
+        view_holidays_btn = QPushButton(tr('settings.list'))
         view_holidays_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
         view_holidays_btn.clicked.connect(self.view_holidays)
         button_layout.addWidget(view_holidays_btn)
 
         layout.addLayout(button_layout)
 
-        holiday_note = QLabel("※ 공휴일 근무 시 모든 시간이 연장근무로 적립됩니다")
+        holiday_note = QLabel(tr('settings.holiday_note', fallback=''))
         holiday_note.setObjectName("note_text")
         layout.addWidget(holiday_note)
 
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         """공휴일 개수 표시 업데이트"""
         current_year = datetime.now().year
         holidays = self.db.get_holidays_by_year(current_year)
-        self.holiday_count_label.setText(f"{len(holidays)}개 ({current_year}년)")
+        self.holiday_count_label.setText(tr('settings.holiday_count', count=len(holidays), year=current_year))
 
     def add_korean_holidays_auto(self):
         """holidays 패키지로 음력/임시 공휴일 포함 자동 추가.
@@ -680,19 +680,13 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         current_year = now.year
         # 11~12월에 호출 시 다음 해 1월 신정·설 연휴 미리 등록 (연말 자정 경계 대응)
         include_next = now.month >= 11
-        target_label = (f"{current_year}년 + {current_year + 1}년"
-                          if include_next else f"{current_year}년")
+        target_label = (tr('settings.korean_holidays_years_label', start=current_year, end=current_year + 1)
+                          if include_next else tr('settings.korean_holidays_years_label_single', year=current_year))
 
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "한국 공휴일 자동 추가",
-            f"{target_label} 한국 공휴일을 자동으로 등록하시겠습니까?\n\n"
-            "포함:\n"
-            "• 양력 공휴일 (신정/삼일절/어린이날/근로자의 날 등)\n"
-            "• 음력 명절 (설날 연휴/추석 연휴/석가탄신일)\n"
-            "• 정부 지정 대체·임시공휴일\n\n"
-            "※ 1차: 공공데이터포털 특일정보 API (정부 공인, 임시공휴일 포함)\n"
-            "※ 2차 fallback: 'holidays' 패키지 (오프라인)",
+            tr('settings.korean_holidays_title'),
+            tr('settings.korean_holidays_body', years=target_label),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
         )
         if reply != QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -707,18 +701,16 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
             self.update_holiday_count()
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "패키지 미설치",
-                "'holidays' 패키지가 설치되지 않아 고정 공휴일만 추가했습니다.\n\n"
-                "음력/임시공휴일 자동 등록을 원하시면:\n"
-                "  pip install holidays"
+                tr('settings.package_not_installed'),
+                tr('settings.package_fallback_body', hint=tr('settings.package_install_hint'))
             )
             return
 
         self.update_holiday_count()
         QMessageBox.information(
             self,
-            "추가 완료",
-            f"{current_year}년 한국 공휴일 {added}개가 추가되었습니다."
+            tr('settings.add_done'),
+            tr('settings.korean_holidays_added', year=current_year, count=added)
         )
 
     def add_custom_holiday(self):
@@ -729,8 +721,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         today = datetime.now().date().isoformat()
         date_str, ok = QInputDialog.getText(
             self,
-            "공휴일 추가",
-            "공휴일 날짜를 입력하세요 (YYYY-MM-DD):",
+            tr('settings.holiday_add_title'),
+            tr('settings.holiday_date_prompt'),
             QLineEdit.Normal,
             today
         )
@@ -744,16 +736,16 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         except ValueError:
             QMessageBox.warning(
                 self,
-                "입력 오류",
-                "날짜 형식이 잘못되었습니다.\n올바른 형식: YYYY-MM-DD (예: 2024-01-01)"
+                tr('msg.input_error.title'),
+                tr('msg.input_error.date_format')
             )
             return
 
         # 공휴일 이름 입력
         name, ok = QInputDialog.getText(
             self,
-            "공휴일 추가",
-            "공휴일 이름을 입력하세요:",
+            tr('settings.holiday_add_title'),
+            tr('settings.holiday_name_prompt'),
             QLineEdit.Normal,
             ""
         )
@@ -767,8 +759,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         QMessageBox.information(
             self,
-            "추가 완료",
-            f"공휴일이 추가되었습니다.\n{date_str}: {name}"
+            tr('settings.add_done'),
+            tr('settings.holiday_added', date=date_str, name=name)
         )
 
     def view_holidays(self):
@@ -779,26 +771,28 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         if not holidays:
             QMessageBox.information(
                 self,
-                "공휴일 목록",
-                f"{current_year}년에 등록된 공휴일이 없습니다."
+                tr('settings.holiday_list_title'),
+                tr('stats.no_data')
             )
             return
 
         # 목록 생성
-        holiday_list = f"=== {current_year}년 공휴일 목록 ===\n\n"
+        holiday_list = tr('settings.holiday_list_header', year=current_year)
         for h in holidays:
             date_obj = datetime.strptime(h['date'], "%Y-%m-%d")
-            weekday = ['월', '화', '수', '목', '금', '토', '일'][date_obj.weekday()]
-            recurring = " (매년)" if h['is_recurring'] else ""
-            holiday_list += f"• {h['date']} ({weekday}): {h['name']}{recurring}\n"
+            weekday = tr(f"label.weekday_{['mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat','sun'][date_obj.weekday()]}")
+            recurring = tr('label.recurring_yearly') if h['is_recurring'] else ""
+            holiday_list += tr('settings.holiday_list_item',
+                               date=h['date'], weekday=weekday,
+                               name=h['name'], recurring=recurring)
 
-        holiday_list += f"\n총 {len(holidays)}개"
+        holiday_list += '\n' + tr('settings.holiday_total', count=len(holidays))
 
         # 삭제 옵션 제공
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "공휴일 목록",
-            holiday_list + "\n\n공휴일을 삭제하시겠습니까?",
+            tr('settings.holiday_list_title'),
+            holiday_list + tr('settings.holiday_delete_confirm'),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No | QMessageBox.Cancel
         )
 
@@ -819,8 +813,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         items = [f"{h['date']}: {h['name']}" for h in holidays]
         item, ok = QInputDialog.getItem(
             self,
-            "공휴일 삭제",
-            "삭제할 공휴일을 선택하세요:",
+            tr('settings.holiday_delete_title'),
+            tr('settings.holiday_delete_prompt'),
             items,
             0,
             False
@@ -830,7 +824,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
             date_str = item.split(":")[0]
             self.db.delete_holiday_by_date(date_str)
             self.update_holiday_count()
-            QMessageBox.information(self, "삭제 완료", f"{item}이(가) 삭제되었습니다.")
+            QMessageBox.information(self, tr('settings.delete_done'), tr('settings.holiday_deleted', item=item))
 
     def create_data_group(self) -> QGroupBox:
         """데이터 관리 그룹"""
@@ -841,22 +835,22 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         # CSV 내보내기 버튼들 한 줄
         export_layout = QHBoxLayout()
 
-        export_work_btn = QPushButton("근무기록")
+        export_work_btn = QPushButton(tr('settings.export_work'))
         export_work_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
         export_work_btn.clicked.connect(self.export_work_records)
         export_layout.addWidget(export_work_btn)
 
-        export_overtime_btn = QPushButton("연장근무")
+        export_overtime_btn = QPushButton(tr('settings.export_overtime'))
         export_overtime_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
         export_overtime_btn.clicked.connect(self.export_overtime_summary)
         export_layout.addWidget(export_overtime_btn)
 
-        monthly_btn = QPushButton("월간 요약")
+        monthly_btn = QPushButton(tr('settings.export_monthly'))
         monthly_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
         monthly_btn.clicked.connect(self.export_monthly_summary)
         export_layout.addWidget(monthly_btn)
 
-        export_label = QLabel("CSV 내보내기")
+        export_label = QLabel(tr('settings.export_csv'))
         export_label.setObjectName("note_text")
         export_layout.addWidget(export_label)
         export_layout.addStretch()
@@ -865,12 +859,12 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # CSV 가져오기
         import_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        import_btn = QPushButton("CSV 가져오기")
+        import_btn = QPushButton(tr('settings.import_csv'))
         import_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
-        import_btn.setToolTip("date,clock_in,clock_out,lunch_minutes,memo 헤더 포맷")
+        import_btn.setToolTip(tr('settings.import_tooltip'))
         import_btn.clicked.connect(self._import_csv)
         import_layout.addWidget(import_btn)
-        import_label = QLabel("우리 표준 포맷 (헤더: date,clock_in,clock_out,lunch_minutes,memo)")
+        import_label = QLabel(tr('settings.import_format'))
         import_label.setObjectName("note_text")
         import_layout.addWidget(import_label)
         import_layout.addStretch()
@@ -878,14 +872,14 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         # DB 경로 설정 (클라우드 동기화 가능)
         db_path_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        db_path_label = QLabel("DB 경로:")
+        db_path_label = QLabel(tr('settings.db_path_label'))
         db_path_label.setFixedWidth(60)
         self.db_path_edit = QLineEdit()
         self.db_path_edit.setReadOnly(True)
         self.db_path_edit.setText(self.db.db_path if hasattr(self.db, 'db_path') else 'database.db')
-        db_path_btn = QPushButton("변경...")
+        db_path_btn = QPushButton(tr('settings.change'))
         db_path_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
-        db_path_btn.setToolTip("클라우드 폴더(OneDrive/Dropbox 등) 경로로 변경 가능. 재시작 필요.")
+        db_path_btn.setToolTip(tr('settings.db_path_tooltip'))
         db_path_btn.clicked.connect(self._change_db_path)
         db_path_layout.addWidget(db_path_label)
         db_path_layout.addWidget(self.db_path_edit, 1)
@@ -893,39 +887,35 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         layout.addLayout(db_path_layout)
 
         # 자동 외출 (화면 잠금 시)
-        self.auto_break_check = QCheckBox("화면 잠금 시 자동 외출/복귀")
-        self.auto_break_check.setToolTip("PC가 잠기면 외출 시작, 풀리면 복귀를 자동 처리합니다.")
+        self.auto_break_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.auto_break_lock'))
+        self.auto_break_check.setToolTip(tr('settings.auto_break_lock_tooltip', fallback=''))
         layout.addWidget(self.auto_break_check)
 
         # Gitea 피드백 토큰 (옵션, crash 자동 보고용)
         feedback_layout = QHBoxLayout()
-        feedback_label = QLabel("Gitea 피드백:")
+        feedback_label = QLabel(tr('settings.gitea_feedback_label', fallback=''))
         feedback_label.setFixedWidth(80)
         self.gitea_token_edit = QLineEdit()
         self.gitea_token_edit.setEchoMode(QLineEdit.Password)
-        self.gitea_token_edit.setPlaceholderText("PAT (issue 쓰기 권한, 옵션)")
+        self.gitea_token_edit.setPlaceholderText(tr('settings.gitea_token_placeholder', fallback=''))
         feedback_layout.addWidget(feedback_label)
         feedback_layout.addWidget(self.gitea_token_edit, 1)
         layout.addLayout(feedback_layout)
 
-        self.gitea_feedback_enabled_check = QCheckBox(
-            "오류 발생 시 'Gitea에 보고' 버튼 활성화"
-        )
+        self.gitea_feedback_enabled_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.gitea_feedback'))
         layout.addWidget(self.gitea_feedback_enabled_check)
 
         # 첫 잠금 해제 = 출근 (PC를 안 끄는 사용자용)
-        self.clock_in_unlock_check = QCheckBox("첫 잠금 해제 시각을 출근시간으로 사용")
-        self.clock_in_unlock_check.setToolTip(
-            "PC를 끄지 않고 출근하는 경우 — 부팅 이벤트가 없어도 화면 잠금 해제 시점을 출근으로 기록합니다."
-        )
+        self.clock_in_unlock_check = QCheckBox(tr('settings.clock_in_unlock'))
+        self.clock_in_unlock_check.setToolTip(tr('settings.clock_in_unlock_tooltip', fallback=''))
         layout.addWidget(self.clock_in_unlock_check)
 
         # 업데이트 확인
         update_layout = QHBoxLayout()
         from core.version import __version__
-        version_label = QLabel(f"버전: v{__version__}")
+        version_label = QLabel(tr('settings.version', version=__version__))
         version_label.setObjectName("note_text")
-        update_btn = QPushButton("업데이트 확인 (F5)")
+        update_btn = QPushButton(tr('settings.check_update'))
         update_btn.setObjectName("btn_small")
         update_btn.clicked.connect(self._check_updates)
         update_layout.addWidget(version_label)
@@ -941,7 +931,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         current = self.db.db_path if hasattr(self.db, 'db_path') else 'database.db'
         new_path, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
             self,
-            "데이터베이스 파일 선택",
+            tr('settings.select_db'),
             current,
             "SQLite Database (*.db)"
         )
@@ -952,10 +942,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         self.db_path_edit.setText(new_path)
         QMessageBox.information(
             self,
-            "DB 경로 변경",
-            f"새 경로가 저장되었습니다:\n{new_path}\n\n"
-            "기존 데이터를 사용하려면 현재 database.db 파일을 새 위치로 복사하고\n"
-            "프로그램을 재시작하세요."
+            tr('settings.db_path_label')[:-1],
+            tr('settings.db_path_saved', path=new_path)
         )
 
     def load_settings(self):
@@ -1105,7 +1093,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
     def _import_csv(self):
         """CSV 파일에서 근무 기록 일괄 가져오기."""
         path, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(
-            self, "CSV 가져오기",
+            self, tr('settings.import_csv'),
             os.path.expanduser("~"),
             "CSV files (*.csv);;All files (*.*)",
         )
@@ -1115,19 +1103,17 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
             from utils.csv_importer import parse_csv, import_records
             rows = parse_csv(path)
         except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError) as e:
-            QMessageBox.critical(self, "파싱 실패", str(e))
+            QMessageBox.critical(self, tr('settings.parse_failed'), str(e))
             return
 
         if not rows:
-            QMessageBox.information(self, "빈 파일", "유효한 행이 없습니다.")
+            QMessageBox.information(self, tr('settings.empty_file'), tr('settings.empty_file_body'))
             return
 
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "충돌 처리",
-            f"{len(rows)}건의 행을 가져오겠습니다.\n\n"
-            "기존 일자와 충돌하면 어떻게 처리할까요?\n"
-            "Yes = 덮어쓰기\nNo = 건너뛰기\nCancel = 취소",
+            tr('settings.conflict_title'),
+            tr('settings.import_rows_intro', count=len(rows)) + tr('settings.conflict_body_detailed'),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No | QMessageBox.Cancel,
         )
         if reply == QMessageBox.Cancel:
@@ -1137,12 +1123,12 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         try:
             added, updated, skipped = import_records(self.db, rows, on_conflict=policy)
         except Exception as e:
-            QMessageBox.critical(self, "가져오기 실패", str(e))
+            QMessageBox.critical(self, tr('settings.import_failed'), str(e))
             return
 
         QMessageBox.information(
-            self, "완료",
-            f"가져오기 결과:\n• 추가: {added}건\n• 갱신: {updated}건\n• 건너뜀: {skipped}건"
+            self, tr('settings.import_complete'),
+            tr('settings.import_result', added=added, updated=updated, skipped=skipped)
         )
 
     def _check_updates(self):
@@ -1235,8 +1221,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         QMessageBox.information(
             self,
-            "저장 완료",
-            "설정이 저장되었습니다."
+            tr('settings.save_done'),
+            tr('settings.save_done_body')
         )
 
         # 부모 윈도우에 설정 변경 알림
@@ -1252,9 +1238,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
                 set_language_and_retranslate(new_lang)
                 reply = QMessageBox.question(
                     self,
-                    "재시작 / Restart",
-                    "주요 화면은 즉시 적용됩니다. 일부 다이얼로그는 재시작 후 완전히 반영됩니다.\n지금 재시작할까요?\n\n"
-                    "Main UI updates immediately. Some dialogs need a restart for full effect.\nRestart now?",
+                    tr('settings.restart_title'),
+                    tr('settings.restart_body'),
                     QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
                 )
                 if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -1286,10 +1271,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
             reply = QMessageBox.question(
                 self,
-                "기존 연장근무 설정",
-                f"현재 설정: {old_hours}시간 {old_mins}분\n"
-                f"변경할 값: {hours}시간 {mins}분\n\n"
-                f"기존 연장근무 시간을 변경하시겠습니까?",
+                tr('settings.initial_overtime_title'),
+                tr('settings.initial_overtime_body', old_hours=old_hours, old_mins=old_mins, hours=hours, mins=mins),
                 QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
             )
 
@@ -1299,8 +1282,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "설정 완료",
-                    f"기존 연장근무가 {hours}시간 {mins}분으로 설정되었습니다."
+                    tr('settings.initial_overtime_done'),
+                    tr('settings.initial_overtime_done_body', hours=hours, mins=mins)
                 )
 
                 # 부모 윈도우 잔액 업데이트
@@ -1312,8 +1295,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         except Exception as e:
             QMessageBox.critical(
                 self,
-                "오류",
-                f"기존 연장근무 설정 중 오류가 발생했습니다:\n{str(e)}"
+                tr('settings.error'),
+                tr('settings.initial_overtime_error', error=str(e))
             )
 
     def update_overtime_balance_display(self):
@@ -1321,7 +1304,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         balance_minutes = self.db.get_total_overtime_balance()
         hours = balance_minutes // 60
         minutes = balance_minutes % 60
-        self.current_overtime_label.setText(f"현재 잔액: {hours}시간 {minutes}분 ({balance_minutes}분)")
+        self.current_overtime_label.setText(tr('settings.current_overtime_balance', hours=hours, minutes=minutes, balance=balance_minutes))
 
     def update_remaining_leave(self):
         """남은 연차 계산 및 표시"""
@@ -1347,7 +1330,7 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         remaining = total_annual - total_used
 
         self.remaining_leave_label.setText(
-            f"남은 연차: {remaining:.1f}일 (총 {total_annual}일 중 {total_used:.1f}일 사용)"
+            tr('settings.remaining_leave_fmt', remaining=remaining, total=total_annual, used=total_used)
         )
 
     def export_work_records(self):
@@ -1358,14 +1341,14 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
         records = stats.get('records', [])
 
         if not records:
-            QMessageBox.warning(self, "내보내기 실패", "내보낼 기록이 없습니다.")
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, tr('settings.export_failed'), tr('settings.export_no_records'))
             return
 
         # 파일 경로 선택
         default_filename = f"work_records_{now.year}{now.month:02d}.csv"
         filename, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
             self,
-            "근무 기록 저장",
+            tr('settings.save_work_title'),
             default_filename,
             "CSV Files (*.csv)"
         )
@@ -1375,17 +1358,17 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
                 saved_path = CSVExporter.export_work_records(records, filename, db=self.db)
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "내보내기 완료",
-                    f"근무 기록이 저장되었습니다.\n{saved_path}"
+                    tr('settings.export_done'),
+                    tr('settings.work_exported', path=saved_path)
                 )
             except Exception as e:
-                QMessageBox.critical(self, "내보내기 실패", f"오류: {str(e)}")
+                QMessageBox.critical(self, tr('settings.export_failed'), tr('settings.export_error', error=str(e)))
 
     def export_overtime_summary(self):
         """연장근무 내역 내보내기"""
         filename, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
             self,
-            "연장근무 내역 저장",
+            tr('settings.save_ot_title'),
             f"overtime_summary_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')}.csv",
             "CSV Files (*.csv)"
         )
@@ -1395,18 +1378,18 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
                 saved_path = CSVExporter.export_overtime_summary(self.db, filename)
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "내보내기 완료",
-                    f"연장근무 내역이 저장되었습니다.\n{saved_path}"
+                    tr('settings.export_done'),
+                    tr('settings.ot_exported', path=saved_path)
                 )
             except Exception as e:
-                QMessageBox.critical(self, "내보내기 실패", f"오류: {str(e)}")
+                QMessageBox.critical(self, tr('settings.export_failed'), tr('settings.export_error', error=str(e)))
 
     def export_monthly_summary(self):
         """월간 요약 내보내기"""
         now = datetime.now()
         filename, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
             self,
-            "월간 요약 저장",
+            tr('settings.save_monthly_title'),
             f"monthly_summary_{now.year}{now.month:02d}.csv",
             "CSV Files (*.csv)"
         )
@@ -1416,11 +1399,11 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
                 saved_path = CSVExporter.export_monthly_summary(self.db, now.year, now.month, filename)
                 QMessageBox.information(
                     self,
-                    "내보내기 완료",
-                    f"월간 요약이 저장되었습니다.\n{saved_path}"
+                    tr('settings.export_done'),
+                    tr('settings.monthly_exported', path=saved_path)
                 )
             except Exception as e:
-                QMessageBox.critical(self, "내보내기 실패", f"오류: {str(e)}")
+                QMessageBox.critical(self, tr('settings.export_failed'), tr('settings.export_error', error=str(e)))
 
     def apply_used_leave(self):
         """기존 사용 연차 설정 (프로그램 사용 전 이미 사용한 연차 - 절대값)"""
@@ -1435,10 +1418,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self,
-            "기존 사용 연차 설정",
-            f"현재 설정: {old_hours}시간 {old_mins}분\n"
-            f"변경할 값: {hours}시간 {mins}분\n\n"
-            f"기존 사용 연차를 변경하시겠습니까?",
+            tr('settings.initial_leave_title'),
+            tr('settings.initial_leave_body', old_hours=old_hours, old_mins=old_mins, hours=hours, mins=mins),
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
         )
 
@@ -1448,8 +1429,8 @@ class SettingsView(QDialog):
 
             QMessageBox.information(
                 self,
-                "설정 완료",
-                f"기존 사용 연차가 {hours}시간 {mins}분으로 설정되었습니다."
+                tr('settings.initial_leave_done'),
+                tr('settings.initial_leave_done_body', hours=hours, mins=mins)
             )
 
             # 남은 연차 재계산
diff --git a/ui/stats_view.py b/ui/stats_view.py
index 36d67de..9d9ae5d 100644
--- a/ui/stats_view.py
+++ b/ui/stats_view.py
@@ -93,13 +93,13 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
         # 카드 4개 가로 배치 (총근무 / 출근일 / 평균 / 연장)
         cards_row = QHBoxLayout()
         cards_row.setSpacing(10)
-        self.weekly_total_card = build_stat_card("총 근무 시간", "0시간", "이번 주",
+        self.weekly_total_card = build_stat_card(tr('stats.total_work_hours'), tr('stats.value_hours', hours=0), tr('stats.this_week'),
                                                     theme='blue', icon='clock')
-        self.weekly_days_card = build_stat_card("근무 일수", "0일", "이번 주",
+        self.weekly_days_card = build_stat_card(tr('stats.card_work_days'), tr('stats.value_days', days=0), tr('stats.this_week'),
                                                    theme='cyan', icon='calendar')
-        self.weekly_avg_card = build_stat_card("일평균", "0시간", "이번 주",
+        self.weekly_avg_card = build_stat_card(tr('stats.card_avg_hours'), tr('stats.value_hours', hours=0), tr('stats.this_week'),
                                                   theme='green', icon='chart')
-        self.weekly_ot_card = build_stat_card("연장근무", "0시간 0분", "이번 주",
+        self.weekly_ot_card = build_stat_card(tr('stats.card_overtime'), tr('stats.value_hours_minutes', hours=0, minutes=0), tr('stats.this_week'),
                                                  theme='gold', icon='flame')
         for c in (self.weekly_total_card, self.weekly_days_card,
                   self.weekly_avg_card, self.weekly_ot_card):
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
         # 주간 차트 (일별 근무시간) — 카드 안에
         from ui.chart_widget import make_chart_widget
         self.weekly_chart = make_chart_widget(widget)
-        chart_card = build_section_card("일별 근무 시간", self.weekly_chart,
+        chart_card = build_section_card(tr('stats.daily_work_hours'), self.weekly_chart,
                                             theme='gray', icon='trending-up')
         layout.addWidget(chart_card, 1)
 
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
         # 카드 4개
         cards_row = QHBoxLayout()
         cards_row.setSpacing(10)
-        self.monthly_total_card = build_stat_card("총 근무 시간", "0시간", "이번 달",
+        self.monthly_total_card = build_stat_card(tr('stats.total_work_hours'), tr('stats.value_hours', hours=0), tr('stats.this_month'),
                                                      theme='blue', icon='clock')
-        self.monthly_days_card = build_stat_card("근무 일수", "0일", "이번 달",
+        self.monthly_days_card = build_stat_card(tr('stats.card_work_days'), tr('stats.value_days', days=0), tr('stats.this_month'),
                                                     theme='cyan', icon='calendar')
-        self.monthly_avg_card = build_stat_card("일평균", "0시간", "이번 달",
+        self.monthly_avg_card = build_stat_card(tr('stats.card_avg_hours'), tr('stats.value_hours', hours=0), tr('stats.this_month'),
                                                    theme='green', icon='chart')
-        self.monthly_ot_card = build_stat_card("연장근무", "0시간 0분", "이번 달",
+        self.monthly_ot_card = build_stat_card(tr('stats.card_overtime'), tr('stats.value_hours_minutes', hours=0, minutes=0), tr('stats.this_month'),
                                                   theme='gold', icon='flame')
         for c in (self.monthly_total_card, self.monthly_days_card,
                   self.monthly_avg_card, self.monthly_ot_card):
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
         # 월간 차트
         from ui.chart_widget import make_chart_widget
         self.monthly_chart = make_chart_widget(widget)
-        chart_card = build_section_card("요일별 평균", self.monthly_chart,
+        chart_card = build_section_card(tr('stats.weekday_avg'), self.monthly_chart,
                                             theme='gray', icon='chart')
         layout.addWidget(chart_card, 1)
 
@@ -182,13 +182,13 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
             f"font-size: 11pt; color: {tc('text')}; "
             f"background: transparent; border: none; padding: 4px 0;"
         )
-        layout.addWidget(build_section_card("패턴 인사이트", self.pattern_text,
+        layout.addWidget(build_section_card(tr('stats.pattern_insights'), self.pattern_text,
                                                 theme='cyan', icon='search'))
 
         # 출근 시각 분포 차트
         from ui.chart_widget import make_chart_widget
         self.clock_in_chart = make_chart_widget(widget)
-        layout.addWidget(build_section_card("출근 시각 분포", self.clock_in_chart,
+        layout.addWidget(build_section_card(tr('stats.clock_in_distribution'), self.clock_in_chart,
                                                 theme='gray', icon='clock'), 1)
 
         widget.setLayout(layout)
@@ -225,15 +225,15 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
         # 주간 통계
         weekly_stats = self.db.get_weekly_stats()
         total_hours = weekly_stats.get('total_hours', 0) or 0
-        self._set_card_value(self.weekly_total_card, f"{total_hours:.1f}시간")
-        self._set_card_value(self.weekly_days_card, f"{weekly_stats.get('work_days', 0)}일")
+        self._set_card_value(self.weekly_total_card, tr('stats.value_hours', hours=f"{total_hours:.1f}"))
+        self._set_card_value(self.weekly_days_card, tr('stats.value_days', days=weekly_stats.get('work_days', 0)))
         avg_hours = weekly_stats.get('avg_hours_per_day', 0) or 0
-        self._set_card_value(self.weekly_avg_card, f"{avg_hours:.1f}시간")
+        self._set_card_value(self.weekly_avg_card, tr('stats.value_hours', hours=f"{avg_hours:.1f}"))
 
         overtime_minutes = weekly_stats.get('total_overtime_minutes', 0) or 0
         overtime_hours = overtime_minutes // 60
         overtime_mins = overtime_minutes % 60
-        self._set_card_value(self.weekly_ot_card, f"{overtime_hours}시간 {overtime_mins}분")
+        self._set_card_value(self.weekly_ot_card, tr('stats.value_hours_minutes', hours=overtime_hours, minutes=overtime_mins))
 
         # 주간 차트
         from ui.chart_widget import draw_daily_hours, draw_weekday_avg
@@ -251,21 +251,21 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
         now = datetime.now()
         monthly_stats = self.db.get_monthly_stats(now.year, now.month)
         total_hours = monthly_stats.get('total_hours', 0) or 0
-        self._set_card_value(self.monthly_total_card, f"{total_hours:.1f}시간")
+        self._set_card_value(self.monthly_total_card, tr('stats.value_hours', hours=f"{total_hours:.1f}"))
         work_days = monthly_stats.get('work_days', 0) or 0
-        self._set_card_value(self.monthly_days_card, f"{work_days}일")
+        self._set_card_value(self.monthly_days_card, tr('stats.value_days', days=work_days))
 
         if work_days > 0:
             avg = total_hours / work_days
-            self._set_card_value(self.monthly_avg_card, f"{avg:.1f}시간")
+            self._set_card_value(self.monthly_avg_card, tr('stats.value_hours', hours=f"{avg:.1f}"))
         else:
-            self._set_card_value(self.monthly_avg_card, "0시간")
+            self._set_card_value(self.monthly_avg_card, tr('stats.value_hours', hours=0))
 
         overtime_minutes = monthly_stats.get('total_overtime_minutes', 0) or 0
         overtime_hours = overtime_minutes // 60
         overtime_mins = overtime_minutes % 60
         self._set_card_value(self.monthly_ot_card,
-                              f"{overtime_hours}시간 {overtime_mins}분")
+                              tr('stats.value_hours_minutes', hours=overtime_hours, minutes=overtime_mins))
 
         # 월간 차트 (요일별 평균)
         if hasattr(self, 'monthly_chart'):
@@ -300,8 +300,10 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
         from core.salary import estimate_pay, format_won
         result = estimate_pay(records, wage, rate)
         self.salary_label.setText(
-            f"💰 이번 달 추정 급여: {format_won(result['total'])} "
-            f"(기본 {format_won(result['base'])} + 연장 {format_won(result['overtime'])})"
+            tr('stats.salary_estimate',
+               total=format_won(result['total']),
+               base=format_won(result['base']),
+               overtime=format_won(result['overtime']))
         )
         self.salary_label.setVisible(True)
 
@@ -334,7 +336,7 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
             avg_minutes = sum(clock_in_times) / len(clock_in_times)
             avg_hour = int(avg_minutes // 60)
             avg_min = int(avg_minutes % 60)
-            insights.append(f"📌 평균 출근시간: {avg_hour:02d}:{avg_min:02d}")
+            insights.append(tr('stats.avg_clock_in', time=f"{avg_hour:02d}:{avg_min:02d}"))
 
         # 연장근무 빈도
         overtime_days = len([r for r in records if (r.get('overtime_earned') or 0) > 0])
@@ -342,14 +344,14 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
 
         if total_days > 0:
             overtime_rate = (overtime_days / total_days) * 100
-            insights.append(f"📌 연장근무 빈도: {overtime_rate:.0f}% ({overtime_days}/{total_days}일)")
+            insights.append(tr('stats.overtime_frequency', rate=f"{overtime_rate:.0f}", days=overtime_days, total=total_days))
 
         # 가장 긴 근무일
         records_with_hours = [r for r in records if (r.get('total_hours') or 0) > 0]
         if records_with_hours:
             longest_work = max(records_with_hours, key=lambda x: x.get('total_hours', 0))
             if longest_work.get('total_hours', 0) > 0:
-                insights.append(f"📌 최장 근무: {longest_work['date']} ({longest_work['total_hours']:.1f}시간)")
+                insights.append(tr('stats.longest_work', date=longest_work['date'], hours=f"{longest_work['total_hours']:.1f}"))
 
         # 건강 경고
         recent_records = records[-7:]  # 최근 7일
@@ -364,15 +366,15 @@ class StatsView(QDialog):
                 consecutive_overtime = 0
 
         if max_consecutive >= 3:
-            insights.append(f"⚠️ 최근 {max_consecutive}일 연속 연장근무 발생!")
+            insights.append(tr('stats.consecutive_ot_warning', days=max_consecutive))
 
         # 주 52시간 체크
         if len(recent_records) >= 7:
             week_total = sum((r.get('total_hours') or 0) for r in recent_records[-7:])
             if week_total > 52:
-                insights.append(f"🚨 주 52시간 초과: {week_total:.1f}시간")
+                insights.append(tr('stats.weekly_52_exceeded', hours=f"{week_total:.1f}"))
 
-        self.pattern_text.setText("\n\n".join(insights) if insights else "패턴을 분석할 데이터가 부족합니다.")
+        self.pattern_text.setText("\n\n".join(insights) if insights else tr('stats.no_pattern_data'))
 
 
 # 테스트 코드
diff --git a/ui/today_summary.py b/ui/today_summary.py
index 3707dbf..36fa25e 100644
--- a/ui/today_summary.py
+++ b/ui/today_summary.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QFrame, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QPushButton
 from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
 
+from core.i18n import tr
+
 
 class TodaySummaryCard(QFrame):
     """퇴근 처리 직후 표시되는 요약 카드."""
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ class TodaySummaryCard(QFrame):
         layout.setSpacing(2)
 
         header = QHBoxLayout()
-        title = QLabel("오늘의 요약")
+        title = QLabel(tr('today.title'))
         title.setStyleSheet("font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px;")
         header.addWidget(title)
         header.addStretch()
@@ -70,17 +72,17 @@ class TodaySummaryCard(QFrame):
         """
         h = int(total_hours)
         m = int((total_hours - h) * 60)
-        self.total_label.setText(f"총 근무: {h}시간 {m}분")
+        self.total_label.setText(tr('today.total_work', hours=h, minutes=m))
 
         details = []
         if lunch_minutes > 0:
-            details.append(f"점심 {lunch_minutes}분")
+            details.append(tr('today.detail_lunch', minutes=lunch_minutes))
         if dinner_minutes > 0:
-            details.append(f"저녁 {dinner_minutes}분")
+            details.append(tr('today.detail_dinner', minutes=dinner_minutes))
         if break_minutes > 0:
-            details.append(f"외출 {break_minutes}분")
+            details.append(tr('today.detail_break', minutes=break_minutes))
         if overtime_actual > 0:
-            details.append(f"연장 {overtime_actual}분 → 적립 {overtime_earned}분")
+            details.append(tr('today.detail_overtime', actual=overtime_actual, earned=overtime_earned))
         self.detail_label.setText(" · ".join(details) if details else "")
         self.detail_label.setVisible(bool(details))
 
diff --git a/utils/csv_importer.py b/utils/csv_importer.py
index 4aa9556..ac17a9d 100644
--- a/utils/csv_importer.py
+++ b/utils/csv_importer.py
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ def import_records(db, rows: List[Dict], on_conflict: str = 'skip') -> Tuple[int
             conn = db.get_connection()
             cursor = conn.cursor()
             try:
+                cursor.execute("DELETE FROM overtime_usage WHERE date = ?", (row['date'],))
                 cursor.execute("DELETE FROM overtime_bank WHERE date = ?", (row['date'],))
                 cursor.execute("DELETE FROM break_records WHERE date = ?", (row['date'],))
                 cursor.execute("DELETE FROM work_records WHERE date = ?", (row['date'],))
diff --git a/utils/discord_webhook.py b/utils/discord_webhook.py
index d272484..b9ad9f3 100644
--- a/utils/discord_webhook.py
+++ b/utils/discord_webhook.py
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ from typing import Optional, List
 
 # Discord/Cloudflare는 Python 기본 UA(Python-urllib/3.x)를 봇으로 차단(error 1010).
 # 일반 브라우저 UA로 위장해야 통과.
-USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) ClockOutCalculator/2.3'
+# 버전은 core/version.py에서 동기화.
+from core.version import __version__
+USER_AGENT = f'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) ClockOutCalculator/{__version__}'
 
 # Discord embed 색상 (decimal)
 COLOR_GREEN = 0x57F287
diff --git a/utils/holiday_api.py b/utils/holiday_api.py
index 7e6f27d..5df2afb 100644
--- a/utils/holiday_api.py
+++ b/utils/holiday_api.py
@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 import json
+import os
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 import urllib.error
 from typing import List, Dict, Optional
 
 
-# 공공데이터포털 dev 키 (특일정보 API 한정).
+# 공공데이터포털 특일정보 API 서비스 키.
+# 소스코드/바이너리 노출 방지를 위해 환경변수에서 읽습니다.
 # 노출 시 data.go.kr 마이페이지에서 즉시 폐기/재발급 가능.
-_SERVICE_KEY = 'fa419259319e31d2fcd4f959e65da817fe2f19894bff340a63889db7a8ffac93'
+_SERVICE_KEY = os.environ.get('CLOCKOUT_HOLIDAY_API_KEY', '')
 
 _BASE = 'https://apis.data.go.kr/B090041/openapi/service/SpcdeInfoService'
 _USER_AGENT = 'ClockOutCalculator/2.10 (KASI special-day client)'